Carbon storage potential of shelter belt agroforestry system in northern transitional zone of Karnataka, India

Carbon sequestration has been suggested as a means to mitigate the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. As agrisilviculture systems is one of the better options for stocking of carbon in plants and in soil. In the present study, carbon sequestration was quantified both biomass as well as in soil of agrisilviculture sys-tem six different tree species were selected such as, Pongamia pinnata, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia auriculiformis, Tectona grandis, Casuarina equisitifolia, Azadirachta indica in shelterbelt of agroforestry system in arid region of Karnataka. Among six different tree species planted under shelterbelt, the growth performance with respect to gbh, height, clear bole height and basal area was highest in A. auriculiformis and A. indica. While maximum above ground biomass was observed in A. auriculiformis (59.75 t ha-1) followed by T.grandis (56.62 t ha-1), respectively. Whereas, below ground biomass was highest in T. grandis (20.25t ha-1) followed by A. auriculiformis (14.75t ha-1). Above ground carbon sequestration was highest in A. auriculiformis (13.30 t ha-1) followed by T. grandis (12.20 t ha-1), respectively. Whereas, below ground carbon sequestration was more in T. grandis (4.35 t ha-1) followed by A. auriculiformis (3.95 t ha-1). The Shelterbelt system sequestered 0.43 to 1.34% soil organic carbon stock in different depth. The carbon sequestered in different tree species was varying from 3.48 tons to 17.25 t ha-1.Growing tree crops in shelterbelts, bunds in the agroforestry systems will enhance accumulation of carbon stocking and provide additional benefits to the farmer’s income. It also regulates microclimate and increases the tree cover in agricultural field.

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Estimating above and below-ground biomass and carbon storage in Coffea arabica agroforestry systems in the Sierra Madre of Guatemala Under Different Management Schemes: Implications for Sustainability

10.1002/essoar.10508589.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Pons ◽

Edwin Castellanos ◽

Alma Quilo

Keyword(s):

Carbon Storage ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Sierra Madre ◽

Below Ground ◽

Management Schemes

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Seasonal/Interannual Variations of Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Emission in a Warm-Season Perennial Grassland

Journal of Ecosystems ◽

10.1155/2014/729294 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Deepa Dhital ◽

Tomoharu Inoue ◽

Hiroshi Koizumi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Carbon Emission ◽

Warm Season ◽

Growing Season ◽

Interannual Variations ◽

Root Carbon ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Perennial Grassland

Carbon sequestration and carbon emission are processes of ecosystem carbon cycling that can be affected while land area converted to grassland resulting in increased soil carbon storage and below-ground respiration. Discerning the importance of carbon cycle in grassland, we aimed to estimate carbon sequestration in photosynthesis and carbon emission in respiration from soil, root, and microbes, for four consecutive years (2007–2010) in a warm-season perennial grassland, Japan. Soil carbon emission increased with increasing growing season temperature which ranged from 438 to 1642 mg CO2 m−2 h−1. Four years’ average soil carbon emission for growing season, nongrowing season, and annual emission was 1123, 364, and 1488 g C m−2, respectively. Nongrowing and snow covered season soil carbon emission contributed 23–25% and 14–17% to the annual emission. Above-ground biomass varied seasonally and variation in green biomass affected soil carbon emission with increasing temperature and precipitation. Temperature effect on root carbon emission contributed about 1/4th of the total soil carbon emission. Variation in soil and root carbon emission is affected by below-ground biomass. Long-term estimation concluded that seasonal and interannual variations in carbon sequestration and emission are very common in grassland ecosystem.

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Comparative Carbon Storage of Lanzones (Lansium domesticum) – fruit tree and Falcata (Paraserianthes falcataria) – forest tree based Agroforestry Systems

Annals of Tropical Research ◽

10.32945/atr3526.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 88-107

Author(s):

Samuel Malayao ◽

Teodoro Mendoza

Keyword(s):

Forest Tree ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Fruit Tree ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Vegetation Stand ◽

Lansium Domesticum

Two agroforestry systems, a fruit tree-based with lanzones (Lansium domesticum) as dominant fruit tree and a forest tree-based with falcata (Paraserianthes falcataria) as dominant wood tree, were studied to compare their total carbon stocks in the above ground biomass (upperstorey and understorey), floor litters and soil and to determine any differences of soil organic carbon(SOC) in three soil depths: 0-30, 31-60 and 61-100 cm. Each site representing one agroforestry systems was grouped according to vegetation stand. For each vegetation stand, representative samples were taken from upper storey and under storey above ground biomass, floor litters and soil. Samples were analyzed for carbon content at International Rice Research Institute’s (IRRI) Analytical Service Laboratories(ASL), Los Baños, Laguna using Dumas Combustion Method. The SOC in the soil depths (0-30, 31-60 and 61-100 cm) did not vary significantly in the two agroforestry systems. The above ground upperstorey biomass had the most carbon followed by the carbon stored in the soil, then, above ground understorey biomass and lastly, floor litters. The above ground upperstorey biomass of the fruit tree-based agroforestry system had slightly higher carbon stock at 38.92 tC ha-1 compared with the forest tree-based agroforestry system at 34.66 tC ha-1 due to the lanzones fruit tress. The 4 – year old falcata-based agroforestry systems had higher annual C sequestration of 14 tC ha-1 yr-1 while the lanzones-based agroforestry system had 1.8 tC ha-1 yr-1. Nevertheless, whatever is the main tree component, agroforestry performs ecological services as in carbon sequestration and at the same time provides financial benefits.

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Assessment of Above- and Below-Ground Carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of Bhopal, India

Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies ◽

10.1142/s2345748120500219 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2050021

Author(s):

Subhajit KARMAKAR ◽

Bhabani Sankar PRADHAN ◽

Ankit BHARDWAJ ◽

B. K. PAVAN ◽

Rishabh CHATURVEDI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Deciduous Forest ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Capital City ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Standing Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Exotic Tree ◽

Dry Deciduous Forest ◽

Below Ground

This study estimated 18.35 Mg C/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg C/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre (0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg C/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia (2.11 Mg C/ha), Azadirachta indica (1.29 Mg C/ha), Gardenia latifolia (1.26 Mg C/ha) and Lannea coromandelica (1.24 Mg C/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation (15 Mg C/ha). It is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

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Floristic evolution in an agroforestry system cultivation in Southern Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201620150026 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 973-982 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LUÍS C.R. SILVA ◽

SEBASTIÃO A. MACHADO ◽

FRANKLIN GALVÃO ◽

AFONSO FIGUEIREDO FILHO

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Diversity Index ◽

Age Groups ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

First Year ◽

Traditional Agroforestry ◽

Floristic Evolution ◽

Over Time

ABSTRACT Bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) is an important pioneer tree species in Ombrophylous Mixed Forest of Brazil and is widely used as an energy source. In traditional agroforestry systems, regeneration is induced by fire, then pure and dense stands known as bracatinga stands (bracatingais) are formed. In the first year, annual crops are intercalated with the seedlings. At that time the seedlings are thinned, then the stands remain at a fallow period and cut at seven years old. The species is very important mainly for small landowners. We studied the understory species that occur naturally during the succession over several years in order to manage them rationally in the future and maintain the natural vegetation over time. Three to 20 year-old Bracatinga stands were sampled between 1998 and 2011. All tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 5 cm were measured.The floristic evolution was assessed with respect to Sociability Index, the Shannon Diversity Index and the Pielou Evenness Index. Graphs of rank/abundance over different age groups were evaluated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. We identified 153 species dispersed throughout the understory and tend to become aggregated over time.

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Farmers' perceptions towards agroforestry systems in North and South Kordofanstates, Sudan

International Journal of Environment ◽

10.3126/ije.v4i2.12624 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Kamal Eldin Mohammed Fadl ◽

Salah E Mahmoud ◽

Zainab M Hamad

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Family Income ◽

Gum Arabic ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Current Status ◽

Acacia Senegal ◽

North And South

This study was conducted during 2010 and 2011 in North and South Kordofan States with objectives of to identify and assess the most important agroforestry systems, to characterize major tree species in different agroforestry system, to prioritize major constraints on agroforestry systems in the region, and to study the current status of gum Arabic trees and their contribution on farmers livelihood. Data were collected through community meeting, individual interviews and direct field observation. The common agroforestry systems in the region are scatter trees on farm land, followed by wind breaks and boundary planting. The important trees in the study area are Acacia senegal83%, followed by Fadherbia albida 46%, Ziziphus spina- christia43% and Balanites aegyptiaca 41%. The most important field crops that cultivated in agroforestry system are groundnuts, millet, sorghum, sesame and roselle. The environmental benefits of trees in farm which was identified by the respondents include protection of farm against wind erosion, improvement of the soil properties, improvement of the micro-climate and providing a source for income which was indicated by the majority of respondents. Across all sites 93% of respondents showed that gum Arabic have a significant contribution to their family income. The study recommended that a multi-purpose tree species such as Acacia senegal should be maintained for amelioration of soils fertility and increase crop productivity in the fragile ecosystems such as that of the study sites. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i2.12624 International Journal of Environment Vol.4(2) 2015: 53-67

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Trade-Offs and Synergies Between Food and Fodder Production and Other Ecosystem Services in an Actively Restored Forest, Natural Forest and an Agroforestry System in Ghana

Frontiers in Forests and Global Change ◽

10.3389/ffgc.2021.630959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

Author(s):

Frederick Gyasi Damptey ◽

Enrique G. de la Riva ◽

Klaus Birkhofer

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Carbon Storage ◽

Tree Species ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Natural Forest ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Fodder Production

Active restoration of degraded areas with multi-purpose tree species has been proposed as a measure to counter the losses from deforestation and mitigate consequences for local human communities. In a restoration project at a former mining site in Ghana, ecosystem services (ES) proxies in an actively restored forest were compared to a local agroforestry system and a natural forest. The results provide information about trade-offs and synergies between proxies of multiple ES(s). ES proxies were assessed according to the following categories: (a) food-tree ES: biomass of food and fodder trees, (b) other trees ES: biomass of fuelwood, medicine or mulch trees, (c) ES-providing arthropods: the number of detritivorous and predaceous arthropods, (d) carbon storage, and (e) tree diversity. Eight replicated plots with sizes of 20 m × 20 m were established in each forest type, and the following ES proxies were quantified: tree diversity was estimated as taxonomic richness of all trees with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm in each plot. Tree species were then classified into ES categories (food, fodder, fuelwood, medicine, or mulch). Ground-dwelling arthropods were sampled for 10 weeks with five pitfall traps in each plot and categorized as decomposers and predators. Tree above-ground biomass was estimated based on the measured tree diameter, height, and specific wood density using an improved allometric equation. The above-ground biomass was later converted into carbon storage by assuming 50% of the above-ground biomass of each tree. ES proxies based on tree biomass were highest in the natural forest. Fodder, medicine, fuelwood, and mulch ES proxies were significantly higher in the restored forest than the agroforestry system. Decomposer arthropods were most dominant in the natural forest, followed by the restored forest and the agroforestry system. Predacious arthropods were more dominant in the restored forest than in the other forest types. Carbon storage was highest in the natural forest, followed by the agroforestry system and the restored forest. The actively restored forest took an intermediate position between the agroforestry system and the natural forest regarding values for all nine ES proxies. Out of the 14 possible relationships between food or fodder and other ES proxies, five were significantly positive (synergies) with no observed trade-offs (significant negative relationships). High fodder production in the restored and natural forests went along with higher values of other biomass ES proxies and numbers of beneficial arthropods, while higher food biomass also correlated positively with numbers of decomposing arthropods. Our results document that active restoration of degraded sites provides a valuable framework to promote ES provision to local communities compared to agroforestry system, but at the cost of lower food and fuelwood biomass and carbon storage compared to natural forests.

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The intensity of symbiotic relationships between arbuscular mycorrhizae and differentiated tree species regarding their age group and plant family in semi-arid Andine dynamical agroforestry system

Bionatura ◽

10.21931/rb/2019.04.04.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 977-982

Author(s):

Maxim Schunevitsch ◽

Philipp Lichtenauer ◽

Nora Medrano Mercado ◽

Noemi Stadler-Kaulich

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

Statistical Correlation ◽

Plant Family ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Semi Arid

As research on mycorrhiza progress and scientific knowledge about organic partnerships becomes more profound, mycorrhiza symbiosis is considered an essential parameter for the vitality of ecosystems. Concerning polyculture cultivation systems, the implementation of growth-promoting and nutrient-securing symbiotic partners is a crucial step towards preserving the dynamism of involved plants and thus decisive for the yield and success of such cultivation systems. In particular, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) show a considerable tendency in encouraging and maintaining a supply of water and nutrition for plants. Therefore, it was examined how intensive partnerships between AMF and trees in the semi-arid, dynamic agroforestry system of ‘Mollesnejta’ exist and how the species, family and age of trees are related to the respective degree of mycorrhizal intensity. This information is in turn used to decrypt relationships between nutrient provision and nutrient security in agroforestry systems and to improve them especially concerning current climate change. The results reveal that in the examined agroforestry system arbuscular mycorrhizal partnerships were found on all ten considered tree species in this study in the varying intensity of the mycorrhizal structure dependent on tree species and their plant family. Nevertheless, no statistical correlation between the number of mycorrhizal elements according to primary hyphae, ramification or vesicles about the age of the trees could be proven in this study.

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Establishing rates of carbon sequestration in mangroves from an earthquake uplift event

Biology Letters ◽

10.1098/rsbl.2018.0799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 20180799 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Severino G. Salmo ◽

Vanessa Malapit ◽

Maria Carmela A. Garcia ◽

Homer M. Pagkalinawan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Carbon Stock ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

C Sequestration ◽

The Philippines ◽

High Carbon ◽

Forest Clearing ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Upper Intertidal ◽

Below Ground

We assessed the carbon stocks (CS) in mangroves that developed after a magnitude 7.1 earthquake in Silonay, Oriental Mindoro, south Luzon, The Philippines in November 1994. The earthquake resulted in a 50 cm uplift of sediment that provided new habitat within the upper intertidal zone which mangroves colonized (from less than 2 ha pre-earthquake to the current 45 ha, 23 years post-earthquake). The site provided an opportunity for a novel assessment of the rate of carbon sequestration in recently established mangroves. The carbon stock was measured in above-ground, below-ground and sediment compartments over a seaward to landward transect. Results showed a mean carbon stock of 549 ± 30 Mg C ha −1 (of which 13% was from the above-ground biomass, 5% from the below-ground biomass and 82% from the sediments). There was high carbon sequestration at a 40 cm depth that can be inferred attributable to the developed mangroves. The calculated rate of C sequestration (over 23 years post-earthquake) was 10.2 ± 0.7 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 and is comparable to rates reported from mangroves recovering from forest clearing. The rates we present here from newly developed mangroves contributes to calibrating estimates of total CS from restored mangroves (of different developmental stages) and in mangroves that are affected by disturbances.

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