Toward a Synergistic Model for Improving the Use of Research in Court-Driven Educational Reform: Examining Gary B. v. Snyder and Literacy Improvement in Detroit

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 543-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Michael Superfine ◽  
Susan R. Goldman ◽  
Meagan S. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Class Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Improvement ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Right Of Access

Gary B. v. Snyder, a federal class action lawsuit originally filed in September 2016, is one of the most recent and high-profile entrants into the line of cases involving large-scale education reform. In this case, seven students from traditional public schools and charter schools in Detroit sued various Michigan state officials, arguing that the U.S. Constitution includes a fundamental right of access to literacy and that the state had denied them this right. Although the federal trial court in Detroit that initially heard the case found that students were not denied their right of access to literacy by the state, the plaintiffs appealed the case, and it is now being considered in the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. Given the difficulties that have historically emerged with court-driven education reform, we examine the opportunities and challenges inherent in Gary B. to provide insight into the prospects of Gary B. and similar cases to effectively promote educational improvement. Grounded in this examination, we also present an argument for the utility of a new model for education litigation. We specifically argue that courts acting as agenda setters and working in concert with stakeholders to tailor reform to ground-level conditions is a model that is highly compatible with contemporary education research on effective models of systemic improvement. A court-mandated agenda for educational improvement must be structured in a way that engages stakeholder groups in implementation efforts precisely because improvement naturally involves dynamic, contextual conditions that cannot be completely accounted for in advance.

AFSCME v. Washington: The Continued Viability of Title VII Comparable Worth Actions

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Scheibal
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
The State ◽  
Title Vii ◽  
Comparable Worth ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Trial Court ◽  
Ninth Circuit ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Court Of Appeals

The recent AFSCME v. Washington comparable worth case attracted significant public attention when plaintiffs won an initial $800 million judgment against the State of Washington, only to see the award overturned on appeal. This paper reviews the legal theories used by the trial court and the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. The current legal status of comparable worth is discussed, with particular emphasis on the applicability and precedential value of the Ninth Circuit's opinion for comparable worth cases in other jurisdictions. Analysis indicates that conflicts between the Ninth Circuit holding and opinions in other circuits provide a continuing opportunity for aggrieved employees to pursue claims under comparable worth or closely related legal theories.

Recent Developments in Health Law

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-763 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Class Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Circuit Court ◽  
Recent Developments

In West Virginia, healthy smokers can now sue tobacco companies to require them to fund medical monitoring for health risks associated with smoking. In Blankenship, formally known as In re Tobacco Litigation (Medical Monitoring Case), the Circuit Court for Ohio County permitted a jury to decide the medical monitoring claim, despite the clam’s novelty and controversy. The unanimous jury refused to enforce the plaintiffs’ demands, and the court denied a motion for retrial. This trial was the second attempt of the class action lawsuit; the court had previously declared a mistrial when an attorney used the word “addiction” in front of the jury.The court certified a class of residents of the state of West Virginia with more than a five “pack-year history” (at least one pack per day for five years) of smoking the defendant tobacco companies’ cigarettes, who did not have any of a list of named smoking-related illnesses, including various cancers and coronary heart disease, and who did not receive health care paid for – or reimbursed by – the state of West Virginia.

The Excavation of the tomb of Bai, Lord of the Zhongli State

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
The State ◽  
White Clay ◽  
Grave Goods ◽  
Cultural Relics

AbstractThe tomb of Bai, Lord of the State of Zhongli, located in Shuangdun Village, Bengbu City, Anhui, was excavated by the Anhui Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Bengbu Museum from December 2006 through August 2008. This tomb was a large-scale vertical earthen shaft pit tomb with a tumulus at ground level; the grave was in a circular plan with a ring-shaped ledge of primary soil 2m below the opening. The tomb passageway was situated to the precise east of the grave. In the tumulus and the tomb fill, “five-colored soil”, a buffer layer of white clay, “radial lines”, earthen “hillocks”, and “clay figurine walls” were recovered, and the tomb chamber was cross-shaped. The structure was original and the remains were complex; the grave goods were very rich, with over 500 items recovered, including bronze bells,

scholarly journals Qatar’s K-12 Education Reform - A review of the policy decisions and a look to the future

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abou-El-Kheir
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Education System ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
The State ◽  
Rand Corporation ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
The Future ◽  
K 12

The State of Qatar is a small, but wealth, state in the Arabian Gulf. Over the last 20 years the country has seen some extraordinary transformations. One sector that has possibly undergone the most radical changes and development is the education sector in Qatar. At the turn of the century, in order to improve their education system, Qatar’s K-12 public schooling system underwent comprehensive reforms. In 2001, the Qatari government appointed the Rand Corporation to analyze and offer recommendations to modernize the local K-12 system. The result of Rand’s assessment was the introduction of an independent school model and an educational reform initiative, Education for a New Era (EFNE). These reforms included implementing English as a medium of instruction at all K-12 public schools. This paper reviews these education policy reforms and offers commentary on the implications of the changes since the adoption of EFNE, the current state of the K-12 education system and suggests possible ways forward for the future development of the K-12 public schooling sector in the State of Qatar.

Two Decades of Geographical Targeting in Food Distribution: Drawing Lessons from an Indian State

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-383
Author(s):  
Rajshree Bedamatta
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Price Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Food Grains ◽  
Indian State ◽  
The Government

Reports emerging from recent studies on public distribution system (PDS) in India show significant improvements in consumption of food grains distributed through the PDS. Odisha is categorized as one of the states which has seen some sort of a revival of PDS (Khera, 2011). This article takes a long-term view of PDS in the State of Odisha, and argues that geographical targeting in Odisha had created a complex system of targeting, leading to large-scale errors of exclusion and information distortions at the ground level. The state subsidy provided by the Government of Odisha had in the past contributed to increased consumption of PDS rice immediately after introduction of targeting. However, in August 2008, the Government of Odisha wound up geographical targeting and started following a uniform price policy which seems to have contributed to a better performing PDS in the state. However, evidences show that in districts where universal PDS is in place, there are still large numbers of families outside the fold of PDS.

scholarly journals General Education Policy in Minority Schools in Georgia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Giorgi Momtselidze
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
General Education ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Language Schools

AbstractIntroduction: The historical conditions that have developed over the centuries, as well as the migration processes of the 19th and 20th centuries, have determined the multi-ethnic composition of the country’s population. Georgia, as a post-Soviet country, has been transitioning from totalitarianism to democracy for the last few years. The country is in the process of developing into an open, civil society; the modern concept of human-free development, the new principles and values of a civil society and the priorities of public consent placed the problem of ensuring the creation of tolerance in the foreground. Therefore, it is important to define the place and role of national minorities in modern social life.The aim of the article is to determine the problems of non-Georgian general education schools in the educational space of Georgia and develop the necessary recommendations for the solution of these problems.The object of the study is non-Georgian-language public schools in the territory of Georgia, where the teaching and learning processes of the representatives of national minorities is underway.Purpose: The study will discuss the current situation in non-Georgian language general education schools. We will present the recommendations that we think will have a positive impact on the development of non-Georgian language educational institutions in the current education reform.Methods: The article examines the situation in the state regarding the issue of general education of national minorities, international experiences, problems and the means of solving them. Through surveys, in-depth interviews, focus group, data collection, organisation, analysis and synthesis, attention was paid to three problematic issues. These were as follows: 1. low motivation of the students in non-Georgian language schools; 2. low level of knowledge of the state language among the students; 3. textbook availability in non-Georgian language schools of Georgia.Conclusion: A content analysis was used to draw common conclusions. From the in-depth study of the materials, specific recommendations have been made regarding the effectiveness. The policies that were implemented in relation to the national goals of general education in national minorities are less result-oriented and need to be improved.

scholarly journals Prospects of Ecotourism Development in Ganderbal District of Jammu and Kashmir

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-61
Author(s):  
Iqbal Ahmad Bhat ◽  
Shyju P J
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Srinagar City

Tourism is considered as an important industry in the state of Jammu and Kashmir in general and the Valley of Kashmir in particular. Though the State’s economy is largely depended on agriculture and horticulture, tourism is still considered as the backbone of the economy as it generates large scale employment opportunities. The industry has generated large number of jobs; particularly it has benefitted the younger generation. Boosting the economic activities in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in the state, tourism has continued to play a vital role in the economy of the state.  The Valley of Kashmir witnesses a huge rush of tourists especially during peak seasons and every corner of  Srinagar city is filled with high movement of tourists. The movement of tourists has largely been restricted to Golden Triangle of Kashmir i.e. Srinagar, Phalgam and Gulmarg. The Government has started earmarking other virgin destinations of Kashmir and established authorities for the development of the same, but on the ground level the scene is quite different. It is imperative to assess the carrying capacity of tourist attractions especially new and emerging destinations, in order to minimize the negative impacts of tourism. Keeping in view these considerations, the present work is an attempt to highlight the tourism potential of unexplored areas in Ganderbal District, which have immense potential for ecotourism development.

Is economic inequality a universal evil?

2019 ◽  
pp. 91-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rostislav I. Kapeliushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The State ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Discursive Power ◽  
A Current

Using published estimates of inequality for two countries (Russia and USA) the paper demonstrates that inequality measuring still remains in the state of “statistical cacophony”. Under this condition, it seems at least untimely to pass categorical normative judgments and offer radical political advice for governments. Moreover, the mere practice to draw normative conclusions from quantitative data is ethically invalid since ordinary people (non-intellectuals) tend to evaluate wealth and incomes as admissible or inadmissible not on the basis of their size but basing on whether they were obtained under observance or violations of the rules of “fair play”. The paper concludes that a current large-scale ideological campaign of “struggle against inequality” has been unleashed by left-wing intellectuals in order to strengthen even more their discursive power over the public.

Unification and Its Discontents

2016 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Brian Kovalesky
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School District ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
The State ◽  
White Working Class ◽  
City Schools

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, during the height of protests and actions by civil rights activists around de facto school segregation in the Los Angeles area, the residents of a group of small cities just southeast of the City of Los Angeles fought to break away from the Los Angeles City Schools and create a new, independent school district—one that would help preserve racially segregated schools in the area. The “Four Cities” coalition was comprised of residents of the majority white, working-class cities of Vernon, Maywood, Huntington Park, and Bell—all of which had joined the Los Angeles City Schools in the 1920s and 1930s rather than continue to operate local districts. The coalition later expanded to include residents of the cities of South Gate, Cudahy, and some unincorporated areas of Los Angeles County, although Vernon was eventually excluded. The Four Cities coalition petitioned for the new district in response to a planned merger of the Los Angeles City Schools—until this time comprised of separate elementary and high school districts—into the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). The coalition's strategy was to utilize a provision of the district unification process that allowed citizens to petition for reconfiguration or redrawing of boundaries. Unification was encouraged by the California State Board of Education and legislature in order to combine the administrative functions of separate primary and secondary school districts—the dominant model up to this time—to better serve the state's rapidly growing population of children and their educational needs, and was being deliberated in communities across the state and throughout Los Angeles County. The debates at the time over school district unification in the Greater Los Angeles area, like the one over the Four Cities proposal, were inextricably tied to larger issues, such as taxation, control of community institutions, the size and role of state and county government, and racial segregation. At the same time that civil rights activists in the area and the state government alike were articulating a vision of public schools that was more inclusive and demanded larger-scale, consolidated administration, the unification process reveals an often-overlooked grassroots activism among residents of the majority white, working-class cities surrounding Los Angeles that put forward a vision of exclusionary, smaller-scale school districts based on notions of local control and what they termed “community identity.”

TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Dranishnikova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Moral Point ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document