scholarly journals Isolation of Major Pathogens from Cattle with Subclinical Mastitis and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Parin Ugur
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Major Pathogens

Chronic subclinical mastitis reduces milk and components yield at the cow level

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Martins ◽  
Melina Melo Barcelos ◽  
Roger I. Cue ◽  
Kevin L. Anderson ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Grand Total ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Milk Component ◽  
Major Pathogens

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of chronic subclinical mastitis (CSM) caused by different types of pathogens on milk yield and milk components at the cow level. A total of 388 Holstein cows had milk yield measured and were milk sampled three times at intervals of two weeks for determination of SCC and milk composition, and microbiological culture was performed. Cows were considered healthy if all three samples of SCC were ≤200 000 cells/ml and were culture-negative at the third milk sampling. Cows with one result of SCC > 200 000 cells/ml were considered to suffer non-chronic subclinical mastitis whereas cows with at least 2 out of 3 results of SCC > 200 000 cells/ml had CSM. These latter cows were further sorted according to culture results into chronic negative-culture or chronic positive-culture. This resulted in four udder health statuses: healthy, non-chronic, chronicNC or chronicPC. The milk and components yields were evaluated according to the udder health status and by pathogen using a linear mixed effects model. A total of 134 out of 388 cows (34.5%) were chronicPC, 57 cows (14.7%) were chronicNC, 78 cows (20.1%) were non-chronic and 119 cows (30.7%) were considered healthy, which resulted in a grand total of 1164 cow records included in the statistical model. The healthy cows produced more milk than each of the other groups (+2.1 to +5.7 kg/cow/day) and produced higher milk component yields than the chronicPC cows. The healthy cows produced more milk than cows with chronicPC caused by minor (+5.2 kg/cow/day) and major pathogens (+7.1 kg/cow/day) and losses varied from 5.8 to 11.8 kg/cow/day depending on the pathogen causing chronicPC mastitis. Chronic positive-culture cows had a reduction of at least 24.5% of milk yield and 22.4% of total solids yield.

scholarly journals Identification and Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Brucella Strains Isolated from Patients in Van, Turkey by Conventional and Molecular Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1406-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
Hüseyin Güdücüoğlu ◽  
Yasemin Bayram ◽  
Aytekin Çıkman ◽  
Cenk Aypak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities

scholarly journals Somatic cell count in the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1555
Author(s):  
Luiz Francisco Zafalon ◽  
Raul Costa Mascarenhas Santana ◽  
Sérgio Novita Esteves ◽  
Guilherme Aparecido Fim Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Santa Inês ◽  
Etiological Agents

The aims of this study were to determine the occurrence of subclinical mastitis in sheep of different breeds and the values for somatic cell count (SCC) in milk for the diagnosis of the disease at lactation and weaning, a fundamental prerequisite for identifying animals in need of control measures. Milk samples were obtained from 1,457 mammary halves of Santa Inês, Texel, Ile de France, and Dorper sheep at two different periods, during the second week of lactation and at weaning. After teats antisepsis, the samples were collected, and identification of the infectious etiology of mastitis and determination of SCC were performed. Microorganisms were identified in 117/762 (15.3%) mammary halves in the second week of lactation and in 86/694 (12.4%) at weaning. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the etiological agents with the highest incidence alone and in association with other microorganisms, with percentages of 58.1% and 60.6%, respectively. The Santa Inês presented a higher incidence of subclinical mastitis when compared to the other breeds. The cut-off values of SCC for subclinical mastitis were determined at both sampling periods and varied according to stage of lactation, as well breed. These results illustrate the lack of a universal value that can be used for the diagnosis of mastitis and suggests the need for permanent follow-up in herds in order to control the disease.

scholarly journals The Calgary Biofilm Device: New Technology for Rapid Determination of Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Bacterial Biofilms

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1771-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ceri ◽  
M. E. Olson ◽  
C. Stremick ◽  
R. R. Read ◽  
D. Morck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibilities ◽  
Significant Difference

Determination of the MIC, based on the activities of antibiotics against planktonic bacteria, is the standard assay for antibiotic susceptibility testing. Adherent bacterial populations (biofilms) present with an innate lack of antibiotic susceptibility not seen in the same bacteria grown as planktonic populations. The Calgary Biofilm Device (CBD) is described as a new technology for the rapid and reproducible assay of biofilm susceptibilities to antibiotics. The CBD produces 96 equivalent biofilms for the assay of antibiotic susceptibilities by the standard 96-well technology. Biofilm formation was followed by quantitative microbiology and scanning electron microscopy. Susceptibility to a standard group of antibiotics was determined for National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) reference strains: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, andStaphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213. Growth curves demonstrated that biofilms of a predetermined size could be formed on the CBD at specific time points and, furthermore, that no significant difference (P > 0.1) was seen between biofilms formed on each of the 96 pegs. The antibiotic susceptibilities for planktonic populations obtained by the NCCLS method or from the CBD were similar. Minimal biofilm eradication concentrations, derived by using the CBD, demonstrated that for biofilms of the same organisms, 100 to 1,000 times the concentration of a certain antibiotic were often required for the antibiotic to be effective, while other antibiotics were found to be effective at the MICs. The CBD offers a new technology for the rational selection of antibiotics effective against microbial biofilms and for the screening of new effective antibiotic compounds.

Evaluation of diagnostic procedures for subclinical mastitis in meat-producing sheep

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie CA Clements ◽  
David J Taylor ◽  
Julie L Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Samples of foremilk were collected from 261 clinically normal glands of 150 ewes, and tested using the California mastitis test (CMT). Further samples were collected from 195 of these glands for determination of automated somatic cell counts (SCC), and from 60 of these glands for bacteriological assessment. The sensitivity and specificity of CMT for detecting samples with SCC above different threshold levels and for CMT and SCC in determining bacteriological status were evaluated using two-graph receiver operating characteristics (TG-ROC). Milk samples were obtained subsequently from ten CMT positive, and five CMT negative first- and second-lactation ewes. Samples were cultured using a variety of media, incubation temperatures and atmospheric conditions, immediately after collection, and 1 week after storage at 4°C and −21°C. Results suggested that CMT is best used as a diagnostic test for ovine subclinical mastitis (SCM) with a cut-off of 3 (distinct gel formation), and that automated SCC thresholds of >1200×103 cells/ml are appropriate, especially where low prevalences are expected (e.g. <5%). Additionally, this study showed that routine bacteriological methods were appropriate for isolation of most species of pathogen responsible for ovine SCM, but storage of samples prior to culture, either at 4°C or −21°C, was detrimental to the isolation of several of these organisms.

Using dairy herd improvement records and clinical mastitis history to identify subclinical mastitis infections at dry-off

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey H Torres ◽  
Päivi J Rajala-Schultz ◽  
Fred J DeGraves ◽  
Kent H Hoblet
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
On Farm ◽  
First 90 Days ◽  
Major Pathogens

Interest in selective dry cow therapy (SDCT) has been increasing owing to concerns over development of antimicrobial resistance. Implementation of SDCT, however, requires a quick and cost-effective on-farm method for identifying cows for treatment and cows that can be left without treatment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the use of clinical mastitis (CM) history and somatic cell counts (SCC) from monthly Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records in identification of infected and uninfected cows at dry-off. A total of 647 Holstein cows were classified as uninfected or infected at dry-off based on CM history and varying number of monthly SCC records (with three different SCC cut-offs). Cows were considered uninfected based on the following criteria: (1) SCC <100 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (2) SCC <200 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; (3) as criterion two, but additionally a cow was also considered uninfected if it experienced a case of CM during the first 3 months of the lactation and the SCC was <100 000 cells/ml for the rest of the lactation; (4) SCC <300 000 cells/ml and no CM during the lactation; otherwise they were considered infected. Infected and uninfected cows at dry-off were most efficiently identified using three months' SCC records with a threshold of 200 000 cells/ml for cows without CM during the lactation and a threshold of 100 000 cells/ml during the rest of lactation for cows with CM during the first 90 days in milk. Moreover, this criterion also most efficiently identified cows infected with major pathogens only at dry-off. The success of the criteria used for identifying infected and uninfected cows will, however, depend on herd characteristics, such as prevalence of infection and type of pathogens present in the herd.

scholarly journals Identification of pathogen bacteria from camel (Camelus dromedarius) mastitis and investigation of antibiotic susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sükrü Kirkan ◽  
U ̆gur Parin ◽  
Halil Çapakçioglu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Aerococcus Viridans ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The scope of this study was to investigate the presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk from female camels with mastitis and to select antibiotics for treatment with antibiotic susceptibility testing. A total of 40 milk samples taken from 20 dromedarian females, after application of CMT test and determination of SCC values, the camels were diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were inoculated into blood agar for identification of bacterial agents leading to mastitis. A total of 4 (12.5%) Staphylococcus aureus, 4 (12.5%) S. auricularis, 2 (6.25%) S. pettenkoperi, 2 (6.25%) S. cohnii spp. cohnii, 2 (6.25%) S. equorum, 2 (6.25%) S. capitis, 2 (6.25%) Streptococcus agalactiae, 2 (6.25%) S. dysgalactiae, 4 (12.5%) Escherichia coli, 2 (%) 6.25) Pseudomonas pseudalcaligenes, 2 (6.25%) Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, 2 (6.25%) Aerococcus viridans and 2 (6.25%) Gemella morbillorum were identified. Gram-positive bacteria were sensitive to Levofloxacin, Linezolid and Tetracycline and Daptomycin, resistant to Beta lactam-group antibiotics and macrolides. Vancomycin resistance was determined in S. aureus and S. cohnii spp. cohnii strains. Gram-negative strains are found generally susceptible to Cefepime and Pipersilin; resistant to Trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole and Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. As a result, it is recommended to use antibiotic use to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance as well as mastitis control methods such as the prevention of infection and monitoring the health status of the mammary of camels.

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