scholarly journals Sustainable Transportation for India’s Future Based on Electric Vehicles

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin John ◽  
Aaron Joseph George
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Sustainable Transport

Sustainable Transport is also known as Green Transport and it is any form of transport that does not use or rely on deteriorating natural resources. Instead it relies on renewable or regenerated energy rather than fossil fuels that have a finite life expectancy. This paper deals with the need of an alternate transportation, India's mission of sustainable transportation, its hurdles and some recommendations that can foster electric vehicle implementation.

A review on braking control and optimization techniques for electric vehicle

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702199690
Author(s):  
Najmuddin M Jamadar ◽  
Himmat T Jadhav
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Braking Control

In this modern world, due to limited fossil fuels, increasing cost, and environmental concerns a clean and sustainable transportation system in the form of electric vehicles (EV) is now becoming popular. On the other hand, electric vehicles have an advantage such as zero-emission, less maintenance, comfortable ride, less noise, etc. An electric vehicle is driven by an electric motor so considering driving patterns and road traffic conditions the vehicle often requires braking operation. The most common method is to employ mechanical brakes to reduce the speed of EV. However, mechanical braking mechanism results in friction which in turn, into heating losses and reduces the efficiency of EV. Therefore, regenerative braking system (RBS) and energy management system are employed in addition to mechanical braking for increasing the braking efficiency of the EV system. It is reported in many literatures about different regenerative braking control techniques for EV systems. This paper presents a review of regenerative braking and braking energy management techniques by considering different driving situations and road conditions.

scholarly journals frvcpy: An Open-Source Solver for the Fixed Route Vehicle Charging Problem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas D. Kullman ◽  
Aurelien Froger ◽  
Jorge E. Mendoza ◽  
Justin C. Goodson
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Vehicle Routing Problems ◽  
Routing Problems ◽  
Vehicle Charging ◽  
Community Standard

Electric vehicles offer a pathway to more sustainable transportation, but their adoption entails new challenges not faced by their petroleum-based counterparts. A difficult task in vehicle routing problems addressing these challenges is determining how to make good charging decisions for an electric vehicle traveling a given route. This is known as the fixed route vehicle charging problem. An exact and efficient algorithm for this task exists, but its implementation is sufficiently complex to deter researchers from adopting it. In this work we introduce frvcpy, an open-source Python package implementing this algorithm. Our aim with the package is to make it easier for researchers to solve electric vehicle routing problems, facilitating the development of optimization tools that may ultimately enable the mass adoption of electric vehicles. Summary of Contribution: This work describes a novel software tool for the vehicle routing community. The tool, frvcpy, addresses one of the primary challenges faced by the vehicle routing community when considering problems involving the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs): how to make optimal charging decisions. The state-of-the-art algorithm for solving these problems is sufficiently complex to deter researchers from using it, leading them to adopt less robust methods. frvcpy offers an easy-to-use, lightweight implementation of this algorithm, providing optimal solutions in low (∼5 ms) runtime. It is designed to be easily embedded in larger solution schemes for general EV routing problems, requiring minimal input, offering compatibility with the community standard file types, and offering access both through the command line and a Python API. The tool has thus far proven adaptable, having been used by researchers studying EV routing problems with novel constraints. Our aim with frvcpy is to make it easier for researchers to solve EV routing problems, facilitating the development of optimization tools that may contribute toward the mass adoption of electric vehicles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Vibration Characteristics and Theoretical Analysis for In-Wheel Driving Electric Road Vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 426-432
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Vibration Characteristics

Hub-motor driven electric vehicles consider the upcoming technology in the vehicle industry. It has several merits such as lightweight, good accelerator responsiveness, flexibility when designing different drivetrains, operated at most operative efficiency points, and increased space-saving compared with the traditional electric vehicle driven by a central motor. The energy demand around the world is increasing dramatically. So, the researchers seek to find alternatives to the non-renewable resources represented by fossil fuels. Electric vehicles are the most suitable vehicle to avail of this type of energy due to their high efficiency and zero fuel consumption and emission. The electric-powered vehicle is distinctive with low noise and vibration which improves the vibration characteristics compared with internal combustion engine vehicles. In this paper, eight degrees of freedom passive quarter car suspension system of an in-wheel drive powered electric vehicle equipped with a battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage system is studied and analyzed. The system was simulated and tested in both time and frequency domains via the MATLAB/Simulink environment.

scholarly journals Electric Vehicle Routing, Arc Routing, and Team Orienteering Problems in Sustainable Transportation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5131
Author(s):  
Leandro do C. Martins ◽  
Rafael D. Tordecilla ◽  
Juliana Castaneda ◽  
Angel A. Juan ◽  
Javier Faulin
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Arc Routing ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Optimization Simulation ◽  
Team Orienteering

The increasing use of electric vehicles in road and air transportation, especially in last-mile delivery and city mobility, raises new operational challenges due to the limited capacity of electric batteries. These limitations impose additional driving range constraints when optimizing the distribution and mobility plans. During the last years, several researchers from the Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Operations Research communities have been developing optimization, simulation, and machine learning approaches that aim at generating efficient and sustainable routing plans for hybrid fleets, including both electric and internal combustion engine vehicles. After contextualizing the relevance of electric vehicles in promoting sustainable transportation practices, this paper reviews the existing work in the field of electric vehicle routing problems. In particular, we focus on articles related to the well-known vehicle routing, arc routing, and team orienteering problems. The review is followed by numerical examples that illustrate the gains that can be obtained by employing optimization methods in the aforementioned field. Finally, several research opportunities are highlighted.

scholarly journals An Algorithm for Optimization of Recharging Stops: A Case Study of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations on Canadian’s Ontario Highway 401

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Stabile ◽  
Michela Longo ◽  
Wahiba Yaïci ◽  
Federica Foiadelli
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Fundamental Part ◽  
Charging Stations

Electric vehicles (EVs), which have become a fundamental part of the automotive industry, were developed as part of concerted worldwide efforts to reduce dependency on fossil fuels due to their devastating effects on the environment. The aim of this study was to analyse a complete trip using an EV from Toronto to Ottawa (Canada) along Ontario’s Highway 401, considering that use of conventional vehicles powered by petrol or diesel allow one to make this trip without stops; using EVs, it is necessary to recharge the vehicle. For this purpose, an algorithm was developed for optimizing recharging stops during a complete trip. In particular, the simulations analysed the number of stops and specifically where it is possible to recharge taking into account the actual charging stations (CSs) located along the trip and the time of recharge during the stops as a function of the state of charge (SoC) of the vehicle. Using this approach, it was possible to evaluate the suitable coverage of the CSs on the stretch considered as well as to assess the main parameters that influence performance on the route.

scholarly journals Spatial Planning of Electric Vehicle Infrastructure for Belo Horizonte, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldo Costa ◽  
Arthur Paiva ◽  
Julia Seixas ◽  
Gustavo Costa ◽  
Patrícia Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Electrical Mobility ◽  
Gis Modeling ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Supply Equipment ◽  
Belo Horizonte

In pursuit of a more sustainable transportation system, electric vehicles (EVs) have the potential to play a fundamental role due to their improved efficiency and lower emissions. The absence of an adequate electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) network has been one of the major obstacles for the mass adoption of EV, in large municipalities of developing countries. This is the case in Belo Horizonte (BH), Brazil, which also has a high motorization rate (7 light-duty vehicles per 10 inhabitants). The purpose of this study is to measure and identify the optimal locations for EVSE according to selected criteria to meet the needs of light-duty electric vehicles (LDEV) corresponding to a penetration of 1% by 2025 in the municipality of BH. The study highlights the most important attributes that need to be considered for the installation of an EVSE network in an urban space for a developing country. Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique based on the inputs from a group of Brazilian electrical mobility specialists, coupled with a Geographic Information System (GIS) modeling tool, were used for this study. The results revealed that around 1,200 EVSE units are needed, with a large concentration of EVSE in a small region. We also illustrate where stakeholders should focus their attention for the successful promotion of EV. The development methodology has the potential to be applied in other future EVSE development projects.

scholarly journals Community knowledge towards electric vehicles and policy part II: A pilot study of Edmonton Height underserved neighborhood in Huntsville, Alabama

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
Jacob Oluwoye
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
State Government ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Underserved Community

Introduction: Electric Vehicles (EV) are fast emerging globally as a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuel burning cars and are now being presented as a resolution for the problem of dependence of fossil fuels, increasing emissions, and other environmental issues. Purpose and Objective: The study explores the neighborhood knowledge toward green mobility and the objective of this paper is to investigate and examine neighborhood perceptions and understand their knowledge towards the electric vehicle. The research paper goal necessitated the knowledge of the underserved community towards green mobility. Methods: Following the literature review research phase, the researcher conducted several semi structured interviews with underserved community. To best augment the quantitative, data were gathered from underserved Edmonton Height community, through the design of questionnaire survey. Data collection took place during the last two weeks of October 2018. Neighborhood households were approached during the day and evening in their residents using a structured questionnaire. Results: The analysis reveals that that 60% of the respondents not aware of plug-in EV incentives (such as tax credit, rebate, high occupancy lane access, reduced tolls, lower vehicle registration rates, or discounted electricity rates) offered by the federal government; their state government; local community; their electricity provider; their employer, while 10% indicated federal government and 10% local community and 5% indicated electric providers, 5% employers and 5% state government. However, the pilot results are a useful estimate of the number of households residents residing in Edmonton Heights don’t know that plug-in EVs can be recharged from a regular home outlet. Conclusion: The paper concludes that the progress that the electric vehicle industry has seen in recent years is not only extremely welcomed, but highly necessary considering the increasing global greenhouse gas levels and it should be noted that a range of technology options is being aggressively explored to facilitate the transition to a more sustainable transport system. Near term, technologies such as EVs can provide sustainable mobility and help alleviate some of the problems created by conventional vehicle powered by fossil fuels. Notwithstanding, the pilot results are a useful estimate of the number of households residents residing in Edmonton Heights don’t know that plug-in EVs can be recharged from a regular home outlet.

scholarly journals Design Requirements of Solar Powered Plug In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 4635-4641
Author(s):  
GouthamiEragamreddy Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Solar Powered

The Paper is focused to give the design requirements of SPPHEV (Solar Powered Plug in Hybrid Electric vehicle), which is one of the solution to reduce the air pollution. As transportation in India is mainly dependent on Fossil fuels to drive the vehicle. Installation of Solar panels on the roof top of Electric vehicle is proposed in this paper which helps to adopt the full range electric vehicles in near future. The proposed model is solar powered PHEV (SPPHEV) in which the vehicle battery gets charged with multiple energy sources specifically Power from Photo voltaic (PV), Grid power, Regenerative power and Engine power. Vehicle Control Unit is designed to standardize the flow of power from the energy sources available and also to monitor SOC (State of Charge) of the battery.

scholarly journals Selection of Electric Vehicles for the Needs of Sustainable Transport under Conditions of Uncertainty—A Comparative Study on Fuzzy MCDA Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7786
Author(s):  
Paweł Ziemba
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
C Segments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
Selection Of

All over the world, including Poland, authorities are taking steps to increase consumer interest in electric vehicles and sustainable transport as a way to reduce environmental pollution. For this reason, the electric vehicle market is dynamically and constantly developing, more and more modern vehicles are introduced to it, and purchases are often subsidized by the government. The aim of the article is to analyse the A–C segments of the Polish electric vehicle market and to recommend the most attractive vehicle from the perspective of sustainable transport. The aim of the research was achieved with the use of three multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods, which deal well with the uncertainty and imprecision of data that occur in the case of many different parameters of electric vehicles. In particular, the following methods were used: the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the fuzzy simple additive weighting (SAW) method, and the new easy approach to fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation II (NEAT F-PROMETHEE II). Electric vehicle rankings obtained using each method were compared and verified by stochastic analysis. The conducted analyses and comparisons allowed us to identify the most interesting electric vehicles, which currently appear to be the Volkswagen ID.3 Pro S and Nissan LEAF e+.

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