scholarly journals Selection of Electric Vehicles for the Needs of Sustainable Transport under Conditions of Uncertainty—A Comparative Study on Fuzzy MCDA Methods

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7786
Author(s):  
Paweł Ziemba
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Preference Ranking ◽  
Sustainable Transport ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
C Segments ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simple Additive Weighting ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
Selection Of

All over the world, including Poland, authorities are taking steps to increase consumer interest in electric vehicles and sustainable transport as a way to reduce environmental pollution. For this reason, the electric vehicle market is dynamically and constantly developing, more and more modern vehicles are introduced to it, and purchases are often subsidized by the government. The aim of the article is to analyse the A–C segments of the Polish electric vehicle market and to recommend the most attractive vehicle from the perspective of sustainable transport. The aim of the research was achieved with the use of three multi-criteria decision aid (MCDA) methods, which deal well with the uncertainty and imprecision of data that occur in the case of many different parameters of electric vehicles. In particular, the following methods were used: the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the fuzzy simple additive weighting (SAW) method, and the new easy approach to fuzzy preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation II (NEAT F-PROMETHEE II). Electric vehicle rankings obtained using each method were compared and verified by stochastic analysis. The conducted analyses and comparisons allowed us to identify the most interesting electric vehicles, which currently appear to be the Volkswagen ID.3 Pro S and Nissan LEAF e+.

scholarly journals Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-871
Author(s):  
Jonathan Wellings ◽  
David Greenwood ◽  
Stuart R. Coles
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

scholarly journals Efficient Gear Ratio Selection of a Single-Speed Drivetrain for Improved Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9254
Author(s):  
Polychronis Spanoudakis ◽  
Gerasimos Moschopoulos ◽  
Theodoros Stefanoulis ◽  
Nikolaos Sarantinoudis ◽  
Eftichios Papadokokolakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Ratio Set ◽  
Selection Of

The electric vehicle (EV) market has grown over the last few years and even though electric vehicles do not currently possess a high market segment, it is projected that they will do so by 2030. Currently, the electric vehicle industry is looking to resolve the issue of vehicle range, using higher battery capacities and fast charging. Energy consumption is a key issue which heavily effects charging frequency and infrastructure and, therefore, the widespread use of EVs. Although several factors that influence energy consumption of EVs have been identified, a key technology that can make electric vehicles more energy efficient is drivetrain design and development. Based on electric motors’ high torque capabilities, single-speed transmissions are preferred on many light and urban vehicles. In the context of this paper, a prototype electric vehicle is used as a test bed to evaluate energy consumption related to different gear ratio usage on single-speed transmission. For this purpose, real-time data are recorded from experimental road tests and a dynamic model of the vehicle is created and fine-tuned using dedicated software. Dynamic simulations are performed to compare and evaluate different gear ratio set-ups, providing valuable insights into their effect on energy consumption. The correlation of experimental and simulation data is used for the validation of the dynamic model and the evaluation of the results towards the selection of the optimal gear ratio. Based on the aforementioned data, we provide useful information from numerous experimental and simulation results that can be used to evaluate gear ratio effects on electric vehicles’ energy consumption and, at the same time, help to formulate evolving concepts of smart grid and EV integration.

Graphic LCD for Lightweight Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Vol 543 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Đorđe Obradović ◽  
Živorad Mihajlović ◽  
Vladimir Milosavljević ◽  
Miloš B. Živanov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Control Signals ◽  
Electrical Vehicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Parameters Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

In this paper, one solution of graphic LCD control board for lightweight electric vehicles is shown. The main idea was to build adoptable hardware solution that can be fast and easy applied in different electrical vehicles and easy for modifications. It was designed, built and tested graphic LCD for monitoring and seting up of main parameters and control signals for lightweight electric vehicle. Some of parameters that could be displayed on graphic LCD are charge status, actual speed, total mileage, daily mileage and indicators of direction. Also we discussed about other possibilities for some sensors that can be used to monitor vehicle speed and ways of visualizing the parameters of interest. The main principles that were used during the selection of hardware solutions implementation also are shown.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
A. A. Kolmogorov ◽  
I, I. Troshko ◽  
I. V. Trifonov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Market

This study will present a study on the impact of electric vehicles on Russia’s urban infrastructure. In the course of studying this issue, the current state of the electric vehicle market, the factors contributing to its development, and the specifics of the impact of this market on Russia’s urban infrastructure will be examined.

scholarly journals Analysis of the electric vehicle market and the company’s competitive development strategy on it (on the example of “Faraday Future”)

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Natalia Reshetko ◽  
Sergey Vakulenko ◽  
Diana Kakhrimanova ◽  
Vladimir Belozerov ◽  
Jozef Gašparík
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Marketing Model ◽  
Traffic Jams ◽  
Progressive Growth ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Vehicle Market

Today, an unusual mode of transport, namely an electric vehicle, increasingly be seen on highways and traffic jams. The demand for such a trendy wild is constantly increasing. In addition, it is not surprising, because there are plenty of reasons for it. Due to the economic crisis, the increase in the price of gasoline and oil, many began to wonder whether to buy the usual car for us and further save and purchase an environmentally friendly product. By 2020, more than 120 different models of electric vehicles will be on the market. These are great machines. The internal combustion engine against their background will look old-fashioned. The purpose of this work is to analyze the current activity of the company and offer to develop a real-world marketing model based on the requirements of the modern market. Faraday Future, an electric machine company with progressive growth rates, chosen as the subject of the study. The article is relevant and useful to all interested electric vehicles, entrepreneurs and other interested persons.

scholarly journals Marketing analysis of the electromobile market as a factor in the innovation of the national economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kozlovskyi ◽  
Vladyslav Bolhov ◽  
Allam Yousuf ◽  
Albina Batechko ◽  
Larisa Hlushchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Market

The marketing development of the electric vehicle market can be considered as a key element of innovative changes in the national economy. Object of research is the development of the electric vehicle market. The purpose of this article is the theoretical substantiation and development of guidelines for determining the rating of countries by the level of development of this market as a determining factor in the innovative development of the national economy. In the study, expert survey methods, logical generalization and comparison of results, statistical analysis and graphical presentation of results were used. The study conducted a marketing analysis of sales and production of electric cars, government programs to stimulate them, existing rating indicators of countries for the development of the electric vehicle market, and based on the results, a method for determining the integrated rating indicator of national economy innovativeness was developed. The article established that in countries that are world economic leaders, the growing interest of consumers and manufacturers of cars to electric vehicles, which is actively supported by government programs and incentives. It is proposed to use a integrated indicator of innovative development of the national economy, which are directly related to the market of electric vehicles. This indicator consists of the following factors: share of investments in the development of branches related to the national production of electric vehicles; level of growth of electric transport in the country’s total fleet; the share of electric vehicles in total number of cars produced in the country; level of increase in the amount of electricity produced based on RES in total; infrastructure development; level of state support for the market. The use of these integrated factors in marketing analysis will determine the level of the world leader in the country, its innovative development.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the E-Vehicle Industry and its Path Towards Setting up Dominance in Automobile Industry - A Case Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Anantha Murthy ◽  
Nethravathi P. S.
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Government Legislation

Background/Purpose: The electric vehicle (EV) has gained a lot of attention from researchers in the twenty-first century as a green travel tool, leading to a series of in-depth studies. With the advancement of high-capacity batteries and electric vehicles, the value of electric vehicles will skyrocket, posing new problems to the power grid's safe and stable operation. This article briefly discusses a certain area of electric vehicles, such as government legislation, employability options, market trends, problems, and solutions to connected issues. Objective: The growth of the vehicle industry and its progress toward the government of India's "Make in India" mission for electric vehicles, as part of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan to set up dominance in the automobile industry. Design/Methodology/Approach: Presentation of information collected from various scholarly articles, web articles, and analysis using the SWOC framework. Findings/Results: Based on the analysis of facts and figures and also by looking at the various scenarios of expansion of the electric vehicle industry in India, it is seen that this industry has seen considerable growth and progress in various avenues such as creating employment opportunities and country's economy. Few recommendations are also suggested to take the concept further. Research limitations/implications: The study is limited to the electric vehicle industry, though a total of 25 Industry sectors have been identified under ‘Make in India’. Originality/Value: This paper focuses on the growth of the electric vehicle industry and the factors that helped towards making ‘Make in India’ a reality. It also talks about the support given by Government to achieve the same. Paper Type: A Research Case study paper on the growth and dominance of the electric vehicle Industry and realization of the ‘Make in India’ concept.

An Experimental Study on Hydrogen Powered Electric Vehicle

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kishida ◽  
Mitsuo Tanaka ◽  
Ken Kanai ◽  
Yoshiaki Kato ◽  
Akihiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Prime Power ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Fuel Cell Stack ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Selection Of

Based upon research experience on fuel cell technology at the Fukui University of Technology, an effort has been made to develop a hydrogen powered electric vehicle as a means of applying fuel cells, A polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack was chosen as the device of energy conversion from hydrogen to electricity. First, a detailed study on the performance of the fuel cell stack was carried out to assure compatibility with the vehicle energizing system. It was found that it should function well as the prime power source for electric vehicles. Selection of the traction motor was one of the optimization studies. As a result of tests with various motors, two brushless d-c motors were adopted. A small electric vehicle, weighing 300kg and loaded with a H2-tank of 10 litres (15MPa), achieved 20 km/h and the duration was 2 hours.

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