SELECTION OF CATTLE FOR POLYMORPHIC BETA-CASEIN GENE IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. KOVALYUK ◽  
◽  
V. SATSUK ◽  
M. KOVALYUK ◽  
E. MACHULSKAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Selection Of

POLYMORPHISM OF THE BETA-CASEIN GENE IN HOLSTEIN COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Л.В. КАЛАШНИКОВА ◽  
В.Г. ТРУФАНОВ ◽  
Я.А. ХАБИБРАХМАНОВА ◽  
Т.Б. ГАНЧЕНКОВА ◽  
Н.В. РЫЖОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Allele Variant ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Breeding Farms

Представлены результаты исследований частоты встречаемости аллельных вариантов А1 и А2 гена бета-казеина (CSN2) у животных голштинской породы (n=510), принадлежащих пяти племенным хозяйствам Российской Федерации. Анализ ДНК проводился методом полимеразной цепной реакции с искусственно созданным сайтом рестрикции (ACRS-ПЦР). В среднем, по всему исследованному поголовью частота генотипов составила: A1A1—15% (n=78), A1A2—41 % (n=210), A2A2—44% (n=222). Частота желательного аллельного варианта А2 в среднем по всем стадам достигла 0,641 и превысила частоту аллеля А1 (0,359). Генотип А2А2 чаще встречается в группе племенных животных, импортированных из Дании. Им обладают 77% особей из 40 исследованных. Частота аллеля А2 в стаде исследуемого племенного хозяйства Курской области в 7 раз превысила частоту аллеля А1 и достигла 0,875. На 2-ом месте по частоте аллеля А2 находится маточное поголовье, завезенное из США. В племенном хозяйстве Московской области 42% животных из 354 исследованных имеют желательный генотип А2А2, частота аллеля А2 составила 0,640. В Камчатском крае отмечена сходная частота аллеля А2 (0,635) у племенных особей голштинской породы североамериканской селекции. В группе скота венгерской селекции, принадлежащей племенному хозяйству Рязанской области, частота аллеля А2 гена CSN2 ниже (0,611).  В другом хозяйстве этого региона у голштинской породы канадского происхождения частота аллеля А1 (0,522) превысила частоту аллеля А2 (0,478). По исследованному поголовью оценки наблюдаемой (Ho) и ожидаемой (He) гетерозиготности имеют сходные значения и составляют 0,430 и 0,460 соответственно. The results of studies of the frequency of occurrence of allelic variants A1 and A2 of the beta-casein gene (CSN2) in Holstein animals (n=510) belonging to five breeding farms of the Russian Federation are presented. DNA analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction with an artificially created restriction site (ACRS-PCR). On average, the frequency of genotypes for the entire studied population was: A1A1-15% (n=78), A1A2—41% (n=210), A2A2—44% (n=222). The frequency of the desired A2 allele variant reached 0.641 on average across all herds and exceeded the frequency of the A1 allele (0.359). The A2A2 genotype is more common in a group of breeding animals imported from Denmark. It is possessed by 77% of the 40 individuals studied. The frequency of the A2 allele in the herd of the studied breeding farm of the Kursk region was 7 times higher than the frequency of the A1 allele and reached 0.875. On the 2nd place in the frequency of the A2 allele is the breeding stock imported from the United States. In the breeding farm of the Moscow region, 42% of the 354 animals studied have the desired genotype A2A2, the frequency of the A2 allele was 0.640. In the Kamchatka Territory, a similar frequency of the A2 allele (0.635) was observed in cows of the Holstein breed of North American selection. In the group of Hungarian-bred cattle belonging to the Ryazan Region breeding farm, the frequency of the A2 allele of the CSN2 gene is lower (0.611). In another farm in this region, the Holstein breed of Canadian origin had the frequency of the A1 allele (0.522) higher than the frequency of the A2 allele (0.478). For the studied livestock, the estimates of observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity have similar values and are 0.430 and 0.460, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of Biological Potential Realization in Cattle of the Kostroma Breed with Different Allelic Variants of Beta-Casein Gene

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
А.А. Чаицкий ◽  
Н.С. Баранова
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Casein Protein ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

Среди сложных белков молока – казеинов – чаще всего встречаются α- и β-казеин. Ген бета-казеина имеет 12 аллельных вариантов, среди которых получили преимущество варианты А1 и А2. При этом, А2 – естественная для человеческого организма разновидность белка бета-казеина, а тип А1 возник в результате природной генетической мутации. Для получения максимального объёма продукции лучшего качества при переориентации производства на молоко А2 необходимо учитывать как основные количественные показатели продуктивности крупного рогатого скота, так и коэффициенты, определяющие эффективность использования коров с точки зрения биологической полноценности продукции, такие как биологической эффективности коров (БЭК), биологической полноценности молока (КБП), кормового коэффициента (FCR) и валовой эффективности использования кормов (GFE). Представлено сравнение количественных и качественных показателей животных разного возраста и групп с учётом степени кровности по улучшающей породе, а также с учётом генотипа по бета-казеину. Впервые проведён анализ реализации биологического потенциала крупного рогатого скота костромской породы с разными аллельными вариантами гена бета-казеина. В ходе исследования установлено, что животные генотипа А2А2 по бета-казеину отличались высоким уровнем БЭК и КБП, а также характеризовались достоверно более высоким уровнем реализации сухого вещества корма в молоко (FCR, GFE), чем у животных А1А2. Так, удои у коров с генотипом А2А2 с кровностью 50% по улучшающей породе за полновозрастную лактацию на 2514 кг больше, чем у животных генотипа А1А2, а коэффициенты БЭК, КБП и FCRвыше на 39,79%, 15,81% и 0,57 кг соответственно. Among the complex proteins of milk – caseins – most often there are α- and β-casein. The beta-casein gene has 12 allelic variants, among which the A1 and A2 variants have gained advantage. At the same time A2 is a natural variety of beta-casein protein for the human body and type A1 arose as a result of a natural genetic mutation. To obtain the maximum volume of production of better quality when reorienting production to milk A2 it is necessary to take into account both the main quantitative indicators of cattle productivity and the coefficients that determine the efficiency of cows use in terms of biological usefulness of products, such as the biological efficiency of cows (BEC), the biological usefulness of milk (BUC), feed coefficient rate (FCR) and gross feed efficiency (GFE). A comparison of quantitative and qualitative indicators of animals of different ages and groups is presented, taking into account the degree of blood relationship by improving breed, as well as taking into account the genotype by beta-casein. For the first time an analysis of the implementation of the biological potential of cattle of the Kostroma breed with different allelic variants of the beta-casein gene was carried out. During the research it was established that animals of a genotype A2A2 on beta casein differed in the BEC and BUC high level and also were characterized by significantly higher level of implementation of dry matter of feed into milk (FCR, GFE), than at animals A1A2. Thus, yields in cows with a genotype A2A2 with a blood relationship of 50% for the improving breed for full-age lactation 2514 kg more than in animals of the genotype A1A2 and the coefficients of BEC, BUC and FCR are higher by 39.79%, 15.81% and 0.57 kg, respectively. Keywords:

scholarly journals Sequence Characterisation and Genotyping of Allelic Variants of Beta Casein Gene Establishes Native Cattle of Ladakh to be a Natural Resource for A2 Milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Monika Sodhi ◽  
R. S. Kataria ◽  
Saket K. Niranjan ◽  
Parvesh K. ◽  
Preeti Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resource ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Oxygen Condition ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Native Cattle

Bovine milk is regarded as nature's perfect food due to presence of vital nutrients. However some peptides are generated after proteolytic digestion of β-casein that have opioid properties and may increase the risk of chronic diseases. There are 13 genetic variants of bovine beta-casein; out of these A1 and A2 are the most common in dairy cattle breeds. The A1 and A2 variants differ only at position 67, which is histidine in A1 or proline in A2 milk. Earlier published reports have indicated that A1 β casein could be responsible for several health disorders like diabetes, coronary heart disease etc. while A2 β-casein is generally considered safe for human consumption. In the present study, an effort was made to sequence characterize β casein gene and identify allelic distribution of A1A2 alleles in native cattle of Ladakh region adapted to high altitude and low oxygen condition. The data showed 2 non-synonymous variations in coding region, while 5’UTR was completely conserved. The 3’UTR showed 2 more variations in Ladakhi samples. Further, the genotyping in 85 Ladakhi cattle for A1A2 alleles revealed that in Ladakhi cattle, A2 allele is predominantly present as reported for some of the other Indian breeds. The frequency of A2 allele was 0.90 and frequency of A2A2 genotype was found to be 0.79 in Ladakhi cattle. The present data strongly indicate that local cattle of Ladakh with higher frequency of A2 allele and A2A2 genotype is natural resource for A2 milk.  Systematic efforts should be made for long term conservation and genetic improvement of this invaluable genetic resource of Ladakh.

Both cell substratum regulation and hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression are exerted primarily at the posttranscriptional level

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3183-3190
Author(s):  
R S Eisenstein ◽  
J M Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Milk Protein Gene ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
D Cells

The mechanism by which individual peptide and steroid hormones and cell-substratum interactions regulate milk protein gene expression has been studied in the COMMA-D mammary epithelial cell line. In the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin, growth of COMMA-D cells on floating collagen gels in comparison with that on a plastic substratum resulted in a 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the relative rate of beta-casein gene transcription but a 37-fold increase in beta-casein mRNA accumulation. In contrast, whey acidic protein gene transcription was constitutive in COMMA-D cells grown on either substratum, but its mRNA was unstable and little intact mature mRNA was detected. Culturing COMMA-D cells on collagen also promoted increased expression of other genes expressed in differentiated mammary epithelial cells, including those encoding alpha- and gamma-casein, transferrin, malic enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase but decreased the expression of actin and histone genes. Using COMMA-D cells, we defined further the role of individual hormones in influencing beta-casein gene transcription. With insulin alone, a basal level of beta-casein gene transcription was detected in COMMA-D cells grown on floating collagen gels. Addition of prolactin but not hydrocortisone resulted in a 2.5- to 3.0-fold increase in beta-casein gene transcription, but both hormones were required to elicit the maximal 73-fold induction in mRNA accumulation. This posttranscriptional effect of hormones on casein mRNA accumulation preceded any detectable changes in the relative rate of transcription. Thus, regulation by both hormones and cell substratum of casein gene expression is exerted primarily at the post transcriptional level.

Analysis of beta casein gene polymorphism in Indian camel breeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
S.A. Jadhav ◽  
U.D. Umrikar ◽  
M.P. Sawane ◽  
V.D. Pawar ◽  
R.S. Deshmukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein

scholarly journals beta-Casein mRNA sequesters a single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein which negatively regulates the beta-casein gene promoter.

1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 6004-6012 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Altiok ◽  
B Groner
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Mammary Epithelial Cells ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Mammary Epithelial ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Lactogenic Hormone ◽  
Beta Casein

beta-Casein gene expression in mammary epithelial cells is under the control of the lactogenic hormones, glucocorticoids, insulin, and prolactin. The hormonal control affects gene transcription, and several regulatory elements in the beta-casein gene promoter between positions -80 and -221 have previously been identified. A region located in the promoter between positions -170 and -221 contains overlapping sequences for negative and positive regulatory elements. A sequence-specific single-stranded DNA-binding factor (STR), composed of two proteins with molecular masses of 35 and 54 kDa, recognizes the upper strand of this region and has a repressing role in transcription. High-level STR binding activity was observed in nuclear extracts from mammary glands of pregnant and postlactating mice and from noninduced HC11 mammary epithelial cells, cells with a low level of transcriptional activity of the beta-casein gene. STR activity is downregulated in mammary epithelial cells during lactation of the animals and after lactogenic hormone induction of HC11 cells in culture. These cells strongly transcribe the beta-casein gene. We investigated the mechanism of downregulation and found that a lactogenic-hormone-induced molecule (I-STR) inhibits STR from binding to its DNA target. I-STR is composed of RNA. STR is sequestered into the cytoplasm by I-STR after lactogenic hormone induction of mammary epithelial cells and remains present in an RNA-bound form. A high-affinity STR binding site was found in the 5' untranslated region of beta-casein mRNA. We propose that beta-casein mRNA can function as I-STR. beta-Casein mRNA may positively regulate its own transcription by translocating STR from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The beta-casein STR binding sequence increases expression of a transfected beta-galactosidase gene when it is placed into the 5' untranslated region sequence of the mRNA. STR may have a positive role in posttranscriptional regulation.

scholarly journals Both cell substratum regulation and hormonal regulation of milk protein gene expression are exerted primarily at the posttranscriptional level.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3183-3190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Eisenstein ◽  
J M Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Milk Protein Gene ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
D Cells

The mechanism by which individual peptide and steroid hormones and cell-substratum interactions regulate milk protein gene expression has been studied in the COMMA-D mammary epithelial cell line. In the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone, and prolactin, growth of COMMA-D cells on floating collagen gels in comparison with that on a plastic substratum resulted in a 2.5- to 3-fold increase in the relative rate of beta-casein gene transcription but a 37-fold increase in beta-casein mRNA accumulation. In contrast, whey acidic protein gene transcription was constitutive in COMMA-D cells grown on either substratum, but its mRNA was unstable and little intact mature mRNA was detected. Culturing COMMA-D cells on collagen also promoted increased expression of other genes expressed in differentiated mammary epithelial cells, including those encoding alpha- and gamma-casein, transferrin, malic enzyme, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase but decreased the expression of actin and histone genes. Using COMMA-D cells, we defined further the role of individual hormones in influencing beta-casein gene transcription. With insulin alone, a basal level of beta-casein gene transcription was detected in COMMA-D cells grown on floating collagen gels. Addition of prolactin but not hydrocortisone resulted in a 2.5- to 3.0-fold increase in beta-casein gene transcription, but both hormones were required to elicit the maximal 73-fold induction in mRNA accumulation. This posttranscriptional effect of hormones on casein mRNA accumulation preceded any detectable changes in the relative rate of transcription. Thus, regulation by both hormones and cell substratum of casein gene expression is exerted primarily at the post transcriptional level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document