POLYMORPHISM OF THE BETA-CASEIN GENE IN HOLSTEIN COWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Л.В. КАЛАШНИКОВА ◽  
В.Г. ТРУФАНОВ ◽  
Я.А. ХАБИБРАХМАНОВА ◽  
Т.Б. ГАНЧЕНКОВА ◽  
Н.В. РЫЖОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Allele Variant ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Breeding Farms

Представлены результаты исследований частоты встречаемости аллельных вариантов А1 и А2 гена бета-казеина (CSN2) у животных голштинской породы (n=510), принадлежащих пяти племенным хозяйствам Российской Федерации. Анализ ДНК проводился методом полимеразной цепной реакции с искусственно созданным сайтом рестрикции (ACRS-ПЦР). В среднем, по всему исследованному поголовью частота генотипов составила: A1A1—15% (n=78), A1A2—41 % (n=210), A2A2—44% (n=222). Частота желательного аллельного варианта А2 в среднем по всем стадам достигла 0,641 и превысила частоту аллеля А1 (0,359). Генотип А2А2 чаще встречается в группе племенных животных, импортированных из Дании. Им обладают 77% особей из 40 исследованных. Частота аллеля А2 в стаде исследуемого племенного хозяйства Курской области в 7 раз превысила частоту аллеля А1 и достигла 0,875. На 2-ом месте по частоте аллеля А2 находится маточное поголовье, завезенное из США. В племенном хозяйстве Московской области 42% животных из 354 исследованных имеют желательный генотип А2А2, частота аллеля А2 составила 0,640. В Камчатском крае отмечена сходная частота аллеля А2 (0,635) у племенных особей голштинской породы североамериканской селекции. В группе скота венгерской селекции, принадлежащей племенному хозяйству Рязанской области, частота аллеля А2 гена CSN2 ниже (0,611).  В другом хозяйстве этого региона у голштинской породы канадского происхождения частота аллеля А1 (0,522) превысила частоту аллеля А2 (0,478). По исследованному поголовью оценки наблюдаемой (Ho) и ожидаемой (He) гетерозиготности имеют сходные значения и составляют 0,430 и 0,460 соответственно. The results of studies of the frequency of occurrence of allelic variants A1 and A2 of the beta-casein gene (CSN2) in Holstein animals (n=510) belonging to five breeding farms of the Russian Federation are presented. DNA analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction with an artificially created restriction site (ACRS-PCR). On average, the frequency of genotypes for the entire studied population was: A1A1-15% (n=78), A1A2—41% (n=210), A2A2—44% (n=222). The frequency of the desired A2 allele variant reached 0.641 on average across all herds and exceeded the frequency of the A1 allele (0.359). The A2A2 genotype is more common in a group of breeding animals imported from Denmark. It is possessed by 77% of the 40 individuals studied. The frequency of the A2 allele in the herd of the studied breeding farm of the Kursk region was 7 times higher than the frequency of the A1 allele and reached 0.875. On the 2nd place in the frequency of the A2 allele is the breeding stock imported from the United States. In the breeding farm of the Moscow region, 42% of the 354 animals studied have the desired genotype A2A2, the frequency of the A2 allele was 0.640. In the Kamchatka Territory, a similar frequency of the A2 allele (0.635) was observed in cows of the Holstein breed of North American selection. In the group of Hungarian-bred cattle belonging to the Ryazan Region breeding farm, the frequency of the A2 allele of the CSN2 gene is lower (0.611). In another farm in this region, the Holstein breed of Canadian origin had the frequency of the A1 allele (0.522) higher than the frequency of the A2 allele (0.478). For the studied livestock, the estimates of observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosity have similar values and are 0.430 and 0.460, respectively.

scholarly journals Forensic DNA Databases: International Experience and the Possibility of its Application in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-183
Author(s):  
Andrei G. Semikhodskii ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Forensic Dna ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Dna Databases ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The article highlights a number of topical issues involving the federal database of genomic information of the Russian Federation. Despite the fact that the expert application of fo- rensic DNA analysis began in the late 80s/early 90s of the twentieth century, the legal basis for the use of DNA for crime investigation does not meet the requirements of today. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The study is based on a comparative analysis of the legal framework of forensic genetic databases of foreign countries, especially the United Kingdom and the United States, and the Russian Federation. Results. Based on the experience of countries where forensic DNA databases have been creat- ed and are effectively used, the general legislative principles of organizing such databases are discussed. Crimes warranting genetic registration and the procedural category of persons from whom DNA samples should be taken for the database purposes are considered as well as the length of the retention period and criteria for deleting genetic information. The issues of quali- ty control and ethical use of genetic information for solving crimes are discussed separately. In conclusion, the need for a legislative initiative that will allow law enforcement agencies to have a genomic information database as an effective tool for combating crime is proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The paper emphasises a need for legislative initiatives that would allow law enforcement agencies to have a genomic database as an effective tool for combating crime.

A Study on β-Casein Gene Polymorphism in Crossbred Cattle and Murrah / Graded Murrah Buffalo in Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Kathiravan ◽  
C.M. Vandana ◽  
M. Malarmathi ◽  
R. Chitra ◽  
N. Murali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Murrah Buffalo ◽  
The People ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Protein Variants

Background: Majority of the people believed that, only the native breeds have A2 milk than exotic or crossbred animals. There is no enough research on milk protein variants have been carried out in Indian zebu cattle. Present study was conducted to screen more number of crossbred cattles and buffaloes in Tamil Nadu to identify the frequency of A1 and A2 alleles in the population.Methods: The study was conducted on 68 cattle and 172 murrah / graded murrah buffaloes to explore the polymorphic variants of β-casein gene. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed with allele specific primers to amplify a 244 bp long fragment of beta-casein gene and visualized in 2% agarose gel electrophoresis. The population genetic indices were calculated based on the formulas.Result: In the present study revealed higher level of A2A2 genotype frequency (1.00) and fixation of A2 allele in kangayam cattle and murrah / graded murrah buffalo. The observed frequency of A1A1, A1A2 and A2A2 genotypes were 0.38,0.62 and 0.00 for jersey crossbred and 0.29, 0.71 and 0.00 for HF crossbred cattle. The range of Expected homozygosity (0.50 to 1.00), polymorphism information content (0.30 to 0.38), effective number of alleles (1.00 to 2.00) and level of possible variability realization value (44.54% to 100%) reflected existence of medium genetic variability in studied population.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the genetic structure of the β-casein gene of producers approved for use in Ukraine in 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
V. Ladyka ◽  
Y. Sklyarenko ◽  
Y. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Breeding Farms

The modern topical issue in dairy cattle breeding is the study of the relationship between hereditary factors that determine the types of proteins in milk. Casein is the main component of milk proteins and is represented by three fractions - alpha (CSN1S1), beta (CSN2) and capa (CSN3). The content of individual casein fractions depends on the breed of cows. Scientists point out some grand questions as for the promotion of milk proteins, like beta-casein, affecting on such disorders as type-1 diabetes, schizophrenia, autism and the sudden death of an infant. The economic component that will ensure the attractiveness of creating the dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 is the higher price of raw milk in comparison with conventional milk. The aim of this work is to evaluate the genotype of bulls-producers by the beta-casein gene, which are allowed to be used in Ukrainian farms in 2020. It is established that the majority of such bulls-producers are evaluated by the genotype of betta-casein. The largest proportion of bulls with the desired A2A2 genotype was found in red Danish and red Norwegian bulls. A greater proportion of A1A1 genotypes are characterized by Holstein bulls of red-mottled color. The largest proportion of the desired A2 allele was found in bulls of red Danish, red Norwegian and Guernsay breeds. Producers of Holstein and Ayshire breeds were characterized by a smaller proportion of this allele. It was found that the use of sperm of bulls approved for use in 2020 with the A2A2 by β-casein genotype on the breeding stock of domestic breeds will improve the economically useful characteristics of offspring, and will contribute the desired genotype of cows. As a result of the analysis of the genotype of Holstein and Swiss breeds that were used in breeding farms of Sumy region over the past three years, we found that 38 Holstein bulls were used in breeding farms and in breeding plants, among which 11% were evaluated by the β-casein gene. Among 12 Shvits bulls that were used in farms of the region, only 42% were evaluated by the β-casein genotype. This confirms that the work with the formation of dairy herds completed with animals of genotype A2 A2 in Sumy region was not carried out. Key words: breed, bull, β-casein, genotype, allele, daughters milk productivity.

POLYMORPHISM OF BETA-CASEIN GENE IN THE KHOLMOGOR CATTLE BREED

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Л.А. КАЛАШНИКОВА ◽  
В.П. ПРОЖЕРИН ◽  
Я.А. ХАБИБРАХМАНОВА ◽  
И.Ю. ПАВЛОВА ◽  
Т.Б. ГАНЧЕНКОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Heterozygous Genotype ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
Arkhangelsk Region ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
High Degree

Исследован полиморфизм гена β-казеина (CSN2) у холмогорской породы крупного рогатого скота (169 коров, 101 бык) из хозяйств Архангельской области и Республики Коми. Анализ ДНК проводили методом ПЦР с искусственно созданным сайтом рестрикции (ACRS). В стадах холмогорского скота Республики Коми частота аллеля А2 варьировала от 0,412 до 0,599, в целом преобладал аллель А2 гена β-казеина с частотой 0,557. Половина животных (49%) имела гетерозиготный генотип, 20% — обладали гомозиготным генотипом А1А1 и 31% — являлись гомозиготными по аллелю А2 β-казеина. В стадах холмогорского скота Архангельской области частота аллеля А2 была в целом ниже, чем в Республике Коми (0,466). Чаще встречался аллель А1 β-казеина (0,534). Большинство особей (45%) имели гетерозиготный генотип, 31% животных имели гомозиготный генотип А1А1 и 24% — А2А2. Показатель частоты встречаемости аллеля А2 в различных стадах Архангельской области отличался высокой степенью вариабельности от 0,238 до 0,692. Анализ полученных данных свидетельствует о том, что частота встречаемости аллелей и генотипов β-казеина в значительной степени зависит от особенностей ведения селекционно-племенной работы в хозяйстве. The polymorphism of the beta-casein (CSN2) gene was studied in the Kholmogor breed of cattle (169 cows, 101 bulls) from the farms of the Arkhangelsk region and the Komi Republic. DNA analysis was performed by PCR with an artificially created restriction site (ACRS). In the herds of Kholmogor cattle of the Komi Republic, the frequency of the A2 allele varied from 0.412 to 0.599, in general, the A2 allele of the β-casein gene prevailed with a frequency of 0.557. Half of the animals (49%) had a heterozygous genotype, 20% had a homozygous A1A1 genotype, and 31% were homozygous for the A2 β-casein allele. In the herds of Kholmogor cattle of the Arkhangelsk region, the frequency of the A2 allele was generally lower than in the Komi Republic (0.466). The A1 allele of β-casein was more common (0.534). The majority of individuals (45%) had a heterozygous genotype, 31% of animals had a homozygous genotype A1A1 and 24% — A2A2. The frequency of occurrence of the A2 allele in various herds of the Arkhangelsk region was characterized by a high degree of variability from 0.238 to 0.692. The analysis of the obtained data shows that the frequency of occurrence of alleles and genotypes of β-casein largely depends on the peculiarities of conducting breeding work on the farm.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF KOSTROMA AND YAROSLAVL CATTLE BREEDS BY THE BETA-CASEIN GENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1278-1284
Author(s):  
I.Y. Podrechneva ◽  
◽  
P.O. Shchegolev ◽  
S.G. Belokurov ◽  
I.A. Kofiadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Casein Gene ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Polymorphism Data ◽  
Breeding Farms

Abstract. The article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the frequency of alleles and genotypes for the gene of beta-casein (β-CN) in cattle of the Kostroma and Yaroslavl breeds. The data on 137 bulls-producers of comparable and related breeds, presented on the official sites of “OOO Head Center for the Reproduction of Farm Animals” and the breeding farm “OOO Yaroslavskoe”, have been analyzed. The blood of cows from the Kostroma and Yaroslavl breeds in the breeding farms of the Kostroma region served as the object of DNA research. A total of 80 animals were genotyped. Evaluation of the distribution of the desired genotype β-CNА2/А2 in stud bulls showed that two breeds are in the lead – the Schwyz and the Kostroma breed, with the frequency of occurrence – 0.9090 and 0.6250, respectively. Moreover, in the Kostroma breed, there are no bulls carriers of the homozygous β-CNА1/А1 genotype. If we take into account the frequency of distribution of the β-CNА2 allele in bulls of the analyzed breeds, then it is higher – in the Schwyz breed – 0.9091, Kostroma – 0.8125 and Holstein – 0.6776. In bulls of the Yaroslavl breed there is 0.2083 frequency of the β-CNА2/А2 genotype and 0.4167 frequency of the β-CNА2 allele. A comparative assessment of the polymorphism data of the beta-casein locus in cows of the Yaroslavl and Kostroma breeds showed that in the Yaroslavl breed there were least of all animals with the β-CNА2/А2 genotype – 0.0333 and more – with the β-CNА1/А1 genotype – 0.6667. In the Kostroma breed, the genetic situation is completely different. So cows with genotypes β-CNА2/А2 – 0.5490, and with genotype β-CNА1/А1 – 0.0785. However, it is necessary to take into account the main indicators of cattle productivity in order to consider the beta-casein genotype as an additional selection trait. It is not possible to study the milk productivity of Yaroslavl breed cows with different genotypes, since only one cow with the CNА2/А2 genotype has been identified. However, cows of the Kostroma breed homozygous for the CNА2 allele, for the third and older lactations, had a milk yield of 1534 kg higher than cows homozygous for the CNА1 allele. Consequently, the beta-casein genotype can be considered an additional promising breeding trait.

SELECTION OF CATTLE FOR POLYMORPHIC BETA-CASEIN GENE IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. KOVALYUK ◽  
◽  
V. SATSUK ◽  
M. KOVALYUK ◽  
E. MACHULSKAYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Casein Gene ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Selection Of

THE NEW SECURITY CHALLENGES OF INFORMATION WAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1855-1864
Author(s):  
Olga Zoric ◽  
Katarina Jonev ◽  
Ivan Rancic
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Information Operations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The author starts from the informational dimension of the operational environment in a strategic reality and deal with the problem of defining informational power from the theoretical and practical aspect of information warfare.The deliberations in the work are aimed to initiate a procedure for auditing of the security documents in order to create a legal basis for the operationalization of the content of information security, as one of the aspects of integral security of the Republic of Serbia. The paper deals with the conceptual determinations and importance of information, information warfare and information operations, as well as the content of information warfare, pointing out the strategic and doctrinal definitions of the information warfare of the United States of America, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Serbia. It is necessary to accurately and objectively observe world achievements in the field of national security and the relation of the most powerful world powers to the problem of information warfare. Based on a comparative analysis of world trends and the state of the theoretical and practical aspects of information security of the Republic of Serbia, the focus is on work, where measures are proposed to improve the security function in the fourth unit of work.

TREATMENT OF NICOTINE DEPENDENCE IN PATIENTS WITH ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Petr Yablonskiy ◽  
Olga Sukhovskaya ◽  
I. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Russian Federation

Worldwide, tobacco use is a major behavioral risk factor for cancer. A comparative study conducted in 2017 showed that 7.10 million deaths were associated with smoking. Tobacco consumption not only increases the risk of developing various forms of cancer, but also reduces life expectancy after suffering a cancer, and increases the risk of relapse. In patients with lung cancer who underwent lung resection, smoking increased the risk of nosocomial mortality by three times and significantly increased the incidence of pulmonary complications. In addition to the localization and stage of cancer, abstinence from tobacco consumption has been noted as the strongest predictor of survival in cancer patients. In the United States, National Recommendations for Comprehensive Cancer Treatment (NCCN) included recommendations for the treatment of nicotine addiction, including 12 weeks of behavioral therapy (including telephone counseling) in combination with smoking cessation drugs for all patients receiving treatment in oncological clinics. Treatment of nicotine addiction has proven cost-effective: in particular, it has been shown for a smoking cessation program prior to surgical resection of the lung. Principles 5 A are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to assist in the smoking cessation. There are national guidelines in other countries. In the Russian Federation, clinical guidelines “Tobacco addiction syndrome, tobacco withdrawal syndrome in adults” were adopted. Given the significant impact of smoking on the prognosis of cancer, the treatment of nicotine addiction should be an integral part of the treatment of malignant tumors. The most effective treatment is the combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Teaching behavioral methods to overcome the withdrawal syndrome can be conducted by calling the to Quitline, organized by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document