scholarly journals FORMATION OF THE EXTERIOR OF THE COWS OF THE UKRAINIAN BLACK- AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED UNDER THE ABSORPTIVE CROSSOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
A. R. Pendyuk ◽  
V. V. Fedorovych ◽  
N. P. Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
The World ◽  
Dairy Breed

During the last decade the world Gene pool of the best cattle breeds is intensively used in Ukraine with the aim to improve productive qualities of animals. In particular, the improvement of dairy cattle includes intensive usage of gene pool of Holstein breed, as its level of milk productivity is the best in the world. The creation of new genotype caused permanent control on the exterior peculiarities of animals and the nature of their connection with productive features. On this basis the aim of our researches was to learn formation of the exterior of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed under the absorptive crossover. The researches were conducted at agricultural LCC “Lyshche” of Lutsk region of Volyn oblast on heifers (n = 1164) and full-grown cows (n = 596) of different genotype of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. There were formed 5 groups of animals: I – cows with Holstein share heredity of 75% and lower, II – with Holstein share heredity 75.1–81.25%, III – with Holstein share heredity 81.26–87.50%, IV – with Holstein share heredity 87.51–93.75% and V – with Holstein share heredity over 93.75%. The assessment of exterior was conducted on the measurements of body parts of heifers and full-grown cows on the retrospective analysis. The following measurements were taking into account: height at the withers, breast depth, breast width, chest area behind the shoulder blades, hips width, oblique corpus length and girth of the metacarpus which were used to measure indices of body constitution. It is well-known that the exterior of heifers is the criteria of selection of cows into a herd and the assessment if bulls by the type of daughter’s body constitution. It is established that the heifers and cows of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed under control were quite high (height at the withers – 132.3 and 138.9 cm) with well-developed thorax (breast depth – 72.2 and 81.6, breast width – 46.4 and 54.2, chest area behind the shoulder blades – 191.0 and 201.9 cm). The average length of their corpus was 156.2 and 163.7, hips width – 51.7 and 58.8 and girth of the metacarpus – 18.1 and 19.1 cm. The connection between the exterior forms of body constitution and the indices of productivity of animal is especially opening with the use of index estimation of exterior. The usage of body constitution indices gives the opportunity objectively identify development of some parts, their changeability with age, productive and type differences, identify their connection with direction and the level of animals’ productivity in some household environment. The analysis of body constitution indices shows that heifers and full grown cows by the exterior peculiarities belongs to dairy type, were quite harmonious by the body constitution. The identifying of measurements of body parts of animals allows to compare their both individual and group peculiarities and to select the best dairy cows. That is why there is the necessity to learn changes of exterior and milk productivity of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed of different genotype. With the increase of Holstein heredity share in the genotype of animals of Ukrainian Black-and-White increased the investigated body measurements (except – breast width and girth metacarpus). The heifers had significant (P < 0.05–0.001) decrease in boniness indices, extension, thoracic, hips and chest, chest width and increase of indices of blockiness, sex and conventional corpus girth after the saturation of their Holstein genotype (I). There is a similar tendency of change of body structure indices was also observed in cows, but these changes were mainly unreliable. The strength of impact of genotype on the measurements and indices of body structure of both heifers and grown cows was negligible. The heifers’ conditional share of Holstein heredity had the most significant impact on measurements at withers (6.0%) and breast depth (3.6%), and cows – on measurements of oblique corpus length (5.8%), breast girth behind shoulder blades (4.9%) and height at the withers (4.2%) at 0.001 in all cases. The genotype had the most significant influence on bone indices (5.8%), sex (4.0%), breast (3.8%) and hips and breast (3.6%) in heifers’ case, and in full-grown cows’ case – on indexes of conditional volume (II) (5.6%), bones (4.3%) and conditional corpus (I) (3.2%).

FEATURES OF THE EXTERIOR TYPE OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED OF THE CHERKASSY REGION, ESTIMATED BY THE LINEAR CLASSIFICATION METHOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
L. M. Khmelnychy
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Linear Classification ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Maternal Line ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

The estimation of the first-born cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the exterior type in the leading breeding herds of Cherkassy region by the method of linear classification (n = 566) has been carried out. The results of the evaluated animals by the 100-score system indicate that within the group of traits, the average level of assessment is "good with the plus". The animals have been differed by the good development of group features characterizing the dairy type (82.4 score), body condition (83.5 score), limbs (82.8 score), udder (82.7 score) and overall score (82.8 score). The degree of development 18 descriptive traits of the exterior of cows, has been predicted by the method of linear classification, indicates their significant intraherd variability. Animals have the moderate height, deep body and angularity. The rump angle, the angle of hock joint and the teats length, according to the variability of scores in the range of 17.8–22.4%, have an average optimal development. The level of scores for the rear width (5.9 score), attachment of the fore (6.3 score) and the rear parts (6.0 score) of the udder testifies to their good development. The body structure of the cows-firstborn has a sufficient description of the type traits that determine their milk yield. At the present stage of selection and breeding work due to the use of bull-sires different origins and breeding value on the local population livestock with significant genotype diversity, the degree of influence each of the hereditary factors in the overall variability of linear features has a scientific and practical significance. In our studies, the force of influence conditional bloodiness of the Holstein mother's breed in the overall fraction of variability of linear type traits within the exterior complexes and the overall assessment takes a significant percentage - from 24.9 to 31.5 with a high degree of reliability according to Fischer's criterion. Among the descriptive traits, the proportion of influence the conditional bloodiness of mother, which is confirmed by high statistical confidence, ranges from 14.4 to 19.8%, and refers to the traits important for breeding. The level of coefficients of influence the father's breeding value in the total phenotypic variability for some of the linear traits is high and reliable. First of all it concerns group traits of the exterior, the development of which is determined by the pedigree value of father by 37.1–41.8%, and the overall assessment of type – by 46.6%. The coefficients of influence father's breeding value in most of the descriptive traits have high reliability (P < 0,001). The coefficients of the force of influence father, depending on the heredity of Holstein for the linear traits of almost the same level as his pedigree value. Since in this case the organized factor is purebreed Holstein and crossbreed bulls-sires of domestic selection, the positive role of Holstein heredity in improving the exterior type of cows has been traced realistically. The necessity of linear breeding, as an effective method in the system of dairy cattle breeding, has been substantiated by reliable values of the coefficients of the force of influence of father's line on the linear traits of offspring (3.4–29.5%). Despite the significant variability of coefficients of the force of influence on the linear traits, most of them have a high level of reliability within the evaluated body parts important for selection. The effect of cows belonging to the maternal line on the development of features of the body structure is insignificant and unreliable (5.3–9.2%). In the process of breeding aimed at improving cows of dairy herd by the exterior type, the pedigree value of parents has been assessed according to the method of linear classification of their daughters and their belonging to perspective genealogical formations.

scholarly journals External characteristics adults cows of ukrainian black and white dairy breed

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (74) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
M. I. Kuziv
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Characteristic Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Dairy Breed

The results of the evaluation exterior of the animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the western region of Ukraine. Studies conducted on animals Ukrainian black and white dairy cattle in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. Exterior animals was assessed by measurement of body articles. By value measurements calculated indices of body structure cows. Weight-size factor determined by the formula D.T. Vinnychuka and P.N. Merezhko. The results of research were treated by variational statistics G.F. Lakin. Adults cows of Ukrainian black and white dairy breed for exterior fit the type of dairy animals. Measurements body cows are: height at the withers – 135,6–136,5 depth of chest – 75,1–77,1 width chest – 46,2–48,6, chest girth for by shoulder – 197,0–201,2, oblique body length – 161,4–163,6 width in clubs – 54,5–57,2 girth metacarpus – 19,1–19,5 cm. By oblique trunk length and girth metacarpus, and in the «Milk River» farm Sokal offices and plant breeding «Yamnytsya» also for girth at breast for by blades are dominated by target parameters for the desired type of animal. By other body measurements investigated cows do not reach target parameters for the desired type of animal. Further breeding work with this array of animals should be directed to increase the linear dimensions of the body, with particular attention paid to the width of the chest. Indices body structure cows in farms of different characteristic type of dairy animals. Surround dimensions of the animals constituted 494,9–501,4 cm weight-size factor – 1,08–1,15. In cows of all farms the ratio of live weight and measurements body was typical for relatively stretched animals.

scholarly journals Exterior special characteristics of cows and their descendants of different generations at high-producing herds

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (91) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
E. I. Fedorovych ◽  
S. I. Fyl ◽  
P. V. Bodnar
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Structure Characteristic ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
Dairy Breed

The results of studies of the exterior characteristics of first-calf cows and their descendants of different generations are presented. The studies were conducted at high-producing herds (average yields per a cow about 10000 kg) LLC “Veleten” of the Glukhiv district of Sumy region and PJSC “Plemzavod “Stepnoy” of the Kamyansko-Dniprovskyy district of Zaporizhzhya region created out of the absorption crossing of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed females with Holstein breeders, first-calf cows and their descendants of the first, second, and at PJSC “Plemzavod “Stepnoy” – also of third generations. The sample of animals includes 62.5–100% share of Holstein inheritance. There was some differentiation between the cows of the controlled herds according to the investigated body measurements: the first-calf cows of PJSC “Plemzavod “Stepnoy” were highly dominated the herdmates of LLC “Veleten” by height at the withers by 3.2, chest depth by 1.4, chest girth by the shoulder by 1.2 and oblique body length – by 1.7 cm, but were inferior to them in chest width by 0.8 (P < 0.05), width of oysters – by 0.4 and girth of wrist – by 0.3 cm (P < 0.001). The cows of both farms, by all studied exterior characteristics, outweighed their descendants of different generations, which is explained by the lower age of first calving for daughters, grandchildren and great-grandchildren than the cows from which they came. However, such a slight, although in most cases, probable differentiation between the exterior features of the cows and their descendants of the above generations appears to be the result of a better level of animal production of each successive generation, as indicated by their milk yields for the first lactation. However, according to all the investigated measurements (exception – width of oysters of cows of all generations and girth of wrist in the descendants of the second and third generations) animals of both controlled herds outperformed the target parameters of exterior characteristics for the first-calf cows of the desired type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed. The analysis of body structure indices shows that the first-calf cows under control and their descendants of different generations were characterized by the type of body structure characteristic of dairy cattle. Between the body measurements of animals and their descendants of different generations, different strengths and directions of communication are established. The correlation coefficients between the exterior characteristics of cows and their daughters in LLC “Veleten”, depending on the size, were in the range -0.05 – +0.15, in cows and their granddaughters, within -0.15 – +0.06, and the regression coefficients are within -0.05 – +0.19 and -0.15 – +0.05, respectively. In PJSC “Plemzavod “Stepnoy” the relative variability of body measurements in cows and their descendants of the first, second and third generations was -0.07 – +0.23, respectively; -0.19 – +0.14 and -0.33 – +0.26, and regression coefficients ranged from -0.04 to +0.14; from -0.17 to +0.07 and from -0.47 to +0.16. It should be noted that in both farms the correlation coefficients between the exterior features of animals of different generations were by no means probable, and the regression coefficients were only reliable between the chest depth behind the shoulders of cows and their daughters in LLC “Velyten” and between heights in the cows' hedge and their great-grandchildren at PJSC “Plemzavod “Stepnoy”.

scholarly journals Population-genetic parameters of the traits of the body structure of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
L. Khmelnychyi ◽  
S. Khmelnychyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

Researches of the linear traits of the body structure of cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed were conducted in the herd of the breeding plant of the Pidlisnivskoyi branch of PJSC «Rise-Maksymko» in Sumy region. The results of the correlated variability between conformation measurements and the value of animal milk yield in the age-related lactation dynamics were presented. Positive correlation coefficients were determined within the statistical significance between measurements and milk yield of first-born cows: height at withers (r=0,422) and sacrum (0,353), chest depth (r=0,362), width in pin (r=0,311), hip bone (0,271 ) and ischial humps (r=0.366); oblique body length (r=0,286) and rear (r=0,244); chest girth (r=0.391). With age ties are weakening. The degree of heritability measurements varies within the traits and age of cows. In the herd of the breeding farm revealed sufficient, reliable by Fisher's criterion, the level of inheritance coefficients, which will provide adequate efficiency of mass selection by height measurements at the withers (h2=0,347) and sacrum (h2=0,288), depth (h2=0,244) and chest girth (h2=0,348), rear width (h2=0,251‒0,264), oblique body length (h2=0,318) and rear part (h2=0,216), for which animals differed at the age of the first lactation. It was determined that the share of variability of measurements of the main traits of the body structure is caused by the heritability of improving breed (22.1‒36.4 %), parent breeding value of cows (16.1‒37.7 %), blood of father (10.9‒26, 6 %) and father line (8.6‒19.6 %). The positive correlation coefficients have been determined between the majority of body parts measurements and the value of milk yield, and the sufficient level of heritability in age-related lactation dynamics were the motivating factors for efficiency of selective breeding of dairy cattle breed by conformation. Power of influence of the breeding value of parent and his origin on the indicators of the conformation measurements of their offspring indicated the need to consider when selection of indicators of comprehensive assessment the breeding value of sires. Key words: Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed, cows, measurements, correlation, inheritance, power of influence, hope.

scholarly journals THE GENETIC CONDITIONALITY OF THE ECONOMICALLY USEFUL TRAITS OF THE COWS OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 92-98
Author(s):  
A. L. Shuliar ◽  
A. L. Shuliar ◽  
S. P. Omelkovych ◽  
V. P. Tkachuk ◽  
V. F. Andriichuk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Functional Characteristics ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Body Constitution ◽  
Dairy Breed

The intensification of dairy cattle selection determines the need of the systematic evaluation of animals in herds and populations on the main economically useful traits. They have an integrated origin and are controlled by significant groups of factors (genetic, physiological, technological and environmental). In dairy herds, the influence of such genetic factors as belonging to the breed and intrabreed types, the conditional blood share of improving breeds, the linear belonging, the family belonging, the origin by father is realized in the phenotypic performance of economically useful traits of animals with the simultaneous significant influence of environmental conditions. Among the hereditary factors, that determine the level of intergroup differentiation by the main selected traits, are significant the origin by father and the linear belonging. In addition, the world gene pool of the Holstein breed has an impact on the heredity of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, which requires constant monitoring of breeding groups of animals in different herds. Based on this, the aim of our research was to study the genetic conditionality of the economically useful traits of the cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed, that is, the study of the influence of such genetic factors as the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, the origin by father and the linear belonging on these traits. The research was conducted in the herd of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky» Popilnia district Zhytomyr oblast during 2015–2019. The study was carried out on the materials of the breeding and productive use of 766 first-calf cows and 497 cows which were disposed from the herd on different reasons. The reasons for their disposal were determined according to veterinary disposal acts. The statistical data processing was done using the method of variational statistics. The power of influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of economically useful traits of the cows was determined by One-Way-ANOVA. The results of the study of the influence of genetic factors on the economically useful traits of cows of Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed are presented. It was found that the power of the influence of the conditional blood share of Holstein breed, origin by father and linear belonging on the phenotypic variability of live weight, measurements and indices of body constitution was 0.4–17.6%; indicators of milk productivity of cows – 0.3–20.8%; morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder – 0.5–21.9%; parameters of reproductive capacity – 2.3–9.3% and lifetime use – 0.1–12.6% (P < 0.05–0.001). The factors of the origin by father and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had a more significant effect on mass-and-metric parameters and indices of body constitution, and the influence of the linear belonging on these indicators was the smallest. Among the studied genetic factors the origin by father had significant effect on the milk productivity and morphologo-functional characteristics of the udder, while the smallest influence of the linear belonging was on the indicators of milk productivity, and the conditional blood share of Holstein breed had the smallest effect on the characteristics of the udder. Regarding the indicators of reproduction and lifetime use of cows, the effect of the studied genetic factors on them was distributed without any trends. The prospect of further research is to study the influence of paratypic factors on economically useful traits of cows of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed of the private agrarian firm «Yerchyky».

Linear type trait evaluation of firstborns of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed depending on the body build

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
R. Stavetska ◽  
Y. Dynko ◽  
M. Bushtruk ◽  
I. Starostenko ◽  
O. Babenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Dairy Breed

It has been experimentally proven that the strength and direction of the connection between the linear type traits evaluation of the Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed cows and their body build depends on the type of the build and the sign of the exterior. The study was conducted in 2018 on a breeding plant of the Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed SPC named Shchorsa in Kiev region (n=89). Differentiation of cows on types of their body build was conducted by the method proposed by Chernenko (low-capacity, mid-capacity and high-capacity types) and Kolesnik (by the massiveness index – on the friable and dense, the bone index – delicate and rough, the wide-breast and wide-rump indices – on narrow-body and wide-body types). It was found that the cow-heiferswere well-developed, had intermediate stature and optimum body condition score, deep body, and wide, slight slope rump. They alsohad desirable rear legs, set and foot angle but some toe-out, the udder was well-balanced. Under the good total score of the exterior of studied cows there were some animals with short stature (134– 136 cm), very wide rump, straight rear legs side view and toe-out, extremely steep foot angle, loose fore udder attachment, deep udder below hocks and front teat placement inside of quarter. The degree of development of the studied linear traits of cow-heifers confirms their in-herd variability. The variability of the exterior traits varies from 10,7 % (body depth) to 38,6 % (stature). In addition to the stature of a significant variability was characterized of angularity (22,4 %), rear legs set (22,5 %), body condition score (21,8 %), as well as traits that describe udder: rear udder attachment (31,4 %), udder depth (32,6 %) and front and rear teat position (31,3 % and 25,1 %, respectively). The high variability of linear traits indicates the possibility of effective their selection. As a result of the research, it has been established that the strength and direction of the correlations between the linear type traits evaluation of Ukrainian Black-and-White Dairy breed cows and the type of their body build depends on the type of the body build and the linear trait. The low-, mid- and high-capacity bodies build types (according to Chernenko) reliably correlate with chest width (r=0,58) and body depth (r=0,48), rear legs rear view (r=0,30), the central ligament (r=0,28), udder depth (r =-0,22) and teat length (r=0,25), P˂0,01–0,001. Friable and dense bodies build (according to Kolesnik) were most strongly associated with stature (r=-0,28), chest width (r =-0,70), and body depth (r=-0,38), as well as with rear legs rear view (r=-0,23), P˂0,05...0,001; delicate and rough bodies build – with stature (r=-0,51), angularity (r=-0,22),rump width (r=-0,35), udder depth (r=-0,27) and rear udder attachment (r =0,20), P ˂ 0,05–0,001; narrow-body and wide-body types – with chest width (r=0,30) and rump width (r=0,23), P˂0,05–0,01. Linear type trait evaluation of cows depends on the body build. The strength and direction of the correlations between types of body build and linear traits showed that the most informative is the classification of the body build by low-, mid- and high-capacity according to Chernenko – on the average η2x=17,5 %. The less informative – by narrow-body and wide-body types according to Kolesnik – η2x=7,6 %. The classification of cows on delicate-rough, narrow-body and wide-body types (according to Kolesnik) according to informativeness and reliability can have the intermediate position – η2x=10,0–11,5 %. The strongest influence on the body build has the cows’ height (η2x=27,9 % on average for all studied types of body build), chest width (η2x=33,5 %), body depth (η2x=21,8 %), rump width (η2x=24,1 %) and rear legs (η2x=18,7 %). Key words: cows, linear type trait evaluation, body build, correlation, power of influence.

The body and the verb

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-239
Author(s):  
Frances Kofod ◽  
Anna Crane
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
Local Representations ◽  
Australian Languages

Abstract This paper explores the figurative expression of emotion in Gija, a non-Pama-Nyungan language from the East Kimberley in Western Australia. As in many Australian languages, Gija displays a large number of metaphors of emotion where miscellaneous body parts – frequently, the belly – contribute to the figurative representation of emotions. In addition, in Gija certain verbal constructions describe the experience of emotion via metaphors of physical impact or damage. This second profile of metaphors is far less widespread, in Australia and elsewhere in the world, and has also attracted far fewer descriptions. This article explores both types of metaphors in turn. Body-based metaphors will be discussed first, and we will highlight the specificity of Gija in this respect, so as to offer data that can be compared to other languages, in Australia and elsewhere. The second part of the article will present verbal metaphors. Given that this phenomenon is not yet very well undersood, this account aims to take a first step into documenting a previously unexplored domain in the language thereby contributing to the broader typology that this issue forms a part of. Throughout the text, we also endeavour to connect the discussion of metaphors with local representations and understanding of emotions.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE USE THE CROSSBREEDING OF UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY AND SWISS CATTLE IN THE STATE STUD FARM "PASICHNA"

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
I. V. Verbych ◽  
O. V. Medvid
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dairy Breed

Goal. To study the influence of intermediate crossing on the level of dairy productivity, qualitative milk indicators, exterior features and resistance of the body of pureorgain and local animals. Methods. Selection and genetic analysis, comparative, statistical. The results. Scientific and production studies were conducted on the basis of a tribal factory of the State Enterprise "Pasichnya" IKSGP NAAN "of the StarosinyaVsky district of the Khmelnytsky region in the chains of distinct animals of the Podilsky factory type of Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy (UCHRMP) and local animals derived from the crossing of the BPRMP cows with Bojabs of the Shvitsky breed. According to the results of experimental studies, it has been found that local cows-first-bristles are somewhat inferior to the purest animals of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA (93.8 kg), but it is compensated by milk quality (fat +0.26%, protein +0.19%), where in the general yield of dairy fat (+9.5 kg) and protein (+6.4 kg), they are favorably different from its purgatory rior. The analysis of the results of the reproductive capacity of cows shows that local animals were first fruitfully inseminated at the age of 545 days and the duration of fertility was 283 days, at that time, purely meters were inserted at the age of 567 days, and the duration of the sharing was 281.5 days. Service-period in the cows-first-born of genotypes, respectively, amounted to 97 and 112 days. The obtained data for the morphological and functional properties of the cow-first-prints show that the assessed number of both groups meets the needs of target standards on technological features and have high indicators of the studied functional properties. Comparative analysis of exterior valuation indicators between the studied groups shows that local cows have higher rates over latitudinal gates, in particular, by breast width and width in the ice, at that time inferior to the children's rior in the rectors of height in the racing, in the area of the torso. and hammer. In the study of natural resistance in the studied cows it has been established that the estimated animal groups are characterized by a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions, which creates good opportunities for further effective selection. The general assessment of the natural resistance of cows-firstbody by morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, phagocytic, bactericidal and lysozymic activity showed that local cows according to Method VE Chumachenko and others. (1990) have a natural resistance to 3 points (61) higher than in their pure-breeding rior (58 points). Conclusions. Results of analysis of dairy performance of local cows-first-birthsters derived from the crossing of Ukrainian Black-and-White breeds with bulls of the Shvitskaya breed showed that the data of the animal though inferior to the christening rior of the Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy breed by the magnitude of the NADA but this difference is compensated by the quality of milk, where The total output of dairy fat and protein, they are favorably different from pureoral analogues. By indicators of reproducible ability, it has been found that local animals were first crazy at the age of 823 days that on 21 days earlier than puredom and 15 days they have a smaller service period. An analysis of the results of the estimation of morphological and physiological properties of the elder showed that there are no significant differences in the investigated groups of primary differences. All animals correspond to technological requirements. The exterior evaluation of the investigated groups of the firstborn showed that purely cows, having higher rates in the elevation in the roll, in the height in the ice and a contrary length of the trunk and the intensity, but inferior to the latitude gauge: the width of the breast, width in the machaches and width in the machaches and width in the machach. Animal estimation according to natural resistance indicators found that animals of both groups have a sufficiently high level of protective functions of the body and adaptation capacity to technological conditions that creates good opportunities for further effective selection.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE BODY MEASUREMENTS COWS UKRAINIAN BLACK-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED AFTER THE FIRST CALVING ON THE FORMATION OF FURTHER MILK PRODUCTIVITI

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
М. І. Kuziv ◽  
Е. І. Fedorovych ◽  
N. M. Kuziv ◽  
I. V. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Pelvic Bones ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Chest Girth ◽  
Dairy Breed

The productivity cow dairy breed largely depends on the careful evaluation and selection of animals by milk production and the type of exterior. The estimation of animals by measuring of body plays an important role in plant-breeding work in the process of further improvement of the newly formed Ukrainian dairy breeds by the type. It’s because exterior is one of the main signs of breeding dairy cattle together with indicators of milk production, reproductive ability and productive longevity. The aim of research was to investigate the formation of milk productivity of cows black and white dairy cattle based on their body measurements after the first calving. The research was done on animals Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in the «Milk River» farm in the Sokal and Brody offices breeding reproducers «Breeder» Lviv region and plant-breeding «Yamnytsya» Ivano-Frankivsk region. The body measurements of first calving cows (height at withers and depth of chest, breast width, chest girth, scythe body length, the width of the pelvic bones and metacarpus circumference cow) and milk productivity (the milk yield, fat content in milk and milk fat) cows first, second, third and better lactation were studied by the materials zoo technical accounting. The force of influence on performance metrics was calculated by Single-factor disperse analysis method. The results of research were treated by variational statistics by G.F. Lakin. Established that the milk yield of cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy cattle depends on body measurements after the first calving. The cows Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed in Western Ukraine that after the first calving had a height at the withers 134-136,9 cm, depth of chest – 76 cm or more, chest width – 47 cm or more, chest girth by shoulder blades – 196-203,9 cm, scythe body length – 160-164,9 cm, the width of the pelvic bones – 53 cm and metacarpus circumference cow –19-20,4 cm, are the most productive. Animals with these measurements of the body most of the largest number of yield milk and milk fat had probable advantage over cows with other indicators of these measurements. By the fat content in milk by the first, second, third and better lactation there was no significant difference between animals with different body measurements after the first calving in most cases. Among the studied parameters milk productivity of cows and measurements of their bodies after first calving we found varying strength and direction of correlation. The correlation coefficients between body measurements firstborns and yield milk by the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and depended on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,297 to +0,478. Between such measurements of firstborns, as the height at the withers, the depth of chest, width of chest, chest girth in blades, the width of the pelvic bones and with fat content in milk for the first, second, third and better lactation correlation coefficients were though low, but positive, and dependently on measurements and lactation were within +0,026 – +0,109. The correlation coefficients between the oblique body length after the first calving cows and fat content in milk were negative (-0,045 – -0,005) and between metacarpus circumference and fat ranged from negative to positive values (-0,038 – +0,017). The correlation coefficients between measurements body in firstborn and milk fat yield in the first, second, third and better lactation were positive and dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from +0,288 to +0,473. The likely positive correlation coefficient between soundings article body and yield milk and milk fat yield indicates that selection of cows by exterior will ensure the effectiveness of selection by milk productivity. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the milk yield value dependently on lactation yield was 7,6-22,9 %, on the yield of milk fat – 7,1-22,9 %. The greatest influence on these indicators were height at the withers, the depth of the chest, chest girth shoulder blades and scythe body length, somewhat lower impact had breast width and the width of the pelvic bones and lowest – metacarpus circumference. The impact of body measurements cows after first calving on the fat content in milk was negligible and, dependently on measurements and lactation ranged from 0,1 to 1,6 %.

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