scholarly journals Problems and main areas of irrigation and drainage development in Ukraine in a changing climate

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
O. O. Dekhtiar ◽  
Yu. V. Husyev ◽  
M. V. Yatsiuk ◽  
R. V. Saydak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face

Climate change has caused rapid soil dehydration in Ukraine; therefore sustainable agriculture will only be possible applying throughout irrigation or water regulation. Meanwhile, the use of the irrigation and drainage systems potential remains extremely unsatisfactory. In 2019, 532,000 ha were actually irrigated, and water regulation was performed on less than 300,000 ha. The purpose of the research. To analyze the existing state and substantiate the areas of the irrigation and drainage sector development to ensure the sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. Materials and methods of the research. In the work, a set of methods was used: analytical, expert evaluations, surveys, comparisons and analogues, experimental. Observation data from the state meteorological stations network were used to evaluate hydrothermal conditions and the data from the network of hydrological posts of Ukrhydrometcentre were used to evaluate the river condition. To assess the technical condition of the engineering infrastructure, methodological approaches were used in accordance with the requirements of the international and European standards and the normative documents currently in force in Ukraine. To identify the possible ways and mechanisms to restore the irrigation and drainage systems potential, the reasons of the existing state were analyzed and it was determined that the uncompleted land and economic reforms, imperfections in the existing legislation and state support mechanisms, especially in the sector management, caused the long-year underfunding of irrigation and drainage facilities operation and restoration and resulted in the crisis situation in the sector. Conclusions. Based on the study of the world experience and the carried out research, it was established that the restoration and development of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine are possible only along with the implementation of a legal and institutional reform to introduce decentralization, improvement of the existing legislation, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems through the development and implementation of investment projects for restoration and development of irrigation and drainage systems, creation of attractive investment environments, development and introduction of a financing mechanism to cover management, operation and maintenance costs based on a new tariff formation system, introduction of the scientific support and staffing system for the land reclamation sector. The basis for the deployment of irrigation and drainage restoration should be the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine until 2030", and the appropriate plan of measures, formed on the basis of fundamentally new institutional, scientific, technical and technological, economic, organizational, social and environmental approaches, should become a tool for achieving the goals of the "Strategy ...". Successful implementation of the goals of irrigation and drainage restoration in Ukraine will create the conditions to sustainable and profitable agricultural production in the face of climate change, to restore irrigation on the area of about 1,0 to 1,2 mln. ha and drainage on the area of 1,0 mln. ha and to additionally get up to 10 mln. tons of grain, 8-10 mln. tons of fruit, berries and vegetables annually.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DRAINAGE RECLAMATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay ◽  
M. V. Yatsyk ◽  
N. V. Mozol
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Use

 Drainage reclamation in the area of excessive water supply of Ukraine is an important component of ensuring sustainable agricultural production. However, today, after reforming the agricultural sector, land parcellation, and in a view of the financial crisis, which has affected virtually all sectors of social production, the efficiency of land use and their role in the state's food and resource supply has been significantly reduced. The objective of the research is to specify the current state and prospects for the development of drainage reclamation in a changing climate and to determine the priorities for restoring the effective use of drained land. Research Methods. Research methods are based on systematic analysis and generalization of the knowledge regarding the current state and features of the functioning of the reclamation systems in the humid zone of Ukraine. The results of the analysis of the current state of drainage reclamation in a changing climate, which occurs in recent decades, are accompanied by the instability of water supply in the reclaimed territories and form new conditions for crop growing. The features of reclamation systems functioning were specified. The main factors affecting the systems functioning and the efficiency of drained land use are the insufficient water supply to the land reclamation systems; land parcellation without taking into account the technological integrity of the drained arrays; poor technical condition of farm engineering infrastructure. The priorities of the development of drainage reclamation in modern conditions and the ways of restoring effective functioning of reclamation systems, in a view of  the transformation processes, arisen as a result of reforming the agrarian sector, and modern agrotechnical and ecological requirements, are increasing the water supply of drainage systems; their reconstruction and modernization; development and implementation of new structural and technological solutions taking into account modern social, ecological and economic, agrotechnical requirements and the requirements of land users. It is established that in modern conditions one of the most effective and economical technological methods of water regime regulation on the drained lands is the accumulation of local drainage runoff. The developed structural and technological solutions for improving the water supply of the reclaimed territories are introduced. Their implementation enables to ensure the efficient and effective control of water regulation processes, to obtain guaranteed water volumes for moistening and ensuring optimal water regime in the soil root layer. It was found out that obtaining guaranteed volumes of agricultural products in a changing climate is possible only due to observance of scientifically grounded technological processes in land reclamation and ensuring water regime regulation on the drained lands. Therefore, maximum utilization of the potential of crop varieties and hybrids is possible only by ensuring the regulation of soil water regimes. Conclusions. The restoration of the effective use of drainage systems under intensive water regulation is one of the priorities, which requires the implementation of the measures on land reclamation systems modernization and reconstruction.

scholarly journals Generalization of scientific experience and modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay ◽  
N. B. Molescha ◽  
N. V. Mozol
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Effective Functioning

The experience of agricultural production on drained lands indicates that the existing scientific justification for land reclamation does not meet the requirements of today. This also applies to the use of drained lands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe. The goal of the research is to generalize many-year scientific research (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") and determine the modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate. To summarize, we used the results of many-year research for the period of 1935–2019, which were obtained on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen". The research methods are based on systematic analysis and knowledge generalization on long-term research in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe. It was established that in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") a considerable number of scientific developments on the technologies of crop cultivation on the drained lands was obtained, the most productive cultivars of crops were selected and optimum norms of fertilizers for their application were calculated. The methods of basic tillage were studied taking into account the cultivation degree of soils, new designs of reclamation systems were developed (combined water-regulating systems with inclined and low-slope drains and water control units; local contour-water storage systems), which were tested in the production conditions and resource-saving water regulation technology, which is based on the use of small irrigation rates. For today, to scientifically ensure the effective functioning of water- regulating systems and the use of drained lands in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate, it is important to use the experience gained on agronomic measures for growing crops on drained lands, improving water supply of reclamation systems (application of contour water-absorbing constructions made of local filtration materials), resource-saving technologies of water regime regulation, which are based on applying small irrigation rates. Currently, in the context of climate change, which has led to the deterioration of water supply conditions on water-regulating systems, the research is underway to improve the efficiency of water-regulating systems and the use of drained lands, taking into account the features of their agricultural use. The technology of accumulation of water and drainage runoff in the accumulating tank was developed. The results of its approbation showed that in the conditions of climate change, growing deficit of water resources it is possible to provide effective water regulation on drained lands by creating reserve water volumes in the reclaimed areas and increase the yield of crops. According to the results of regional experimental studies on the cultivation of promising and highly productive fodder crops (barnyard grass, amaranth and fodder beans) a technology for growing them on different types of drained soils was developed, which is based on optimal water regulation and takes into account the supply of essential nutrients, the degree of soil acidity and modern climate change.

scholarly journals How Can Sustainable Agriculture Increase Climate Resilience? A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Relevant Article ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Climate Resilience

In the last few decades, a great deal has been written on the use of sustainable agriculture to improve the resilience of ecosystem services to climate change. However, no tangible and systematic evidence exists on how this agriculture would participate in alleviating impacts on vulnerable rural communities. This paper provides a narrative systematic review (SR) integrated with a bibliometric analysis and a concept network analysis to determine how, in this changing climate, sustainable agriculture can increase the resilience of agrosystems. Our search ranged from the date of the first relevant article until the end of 2018.

Will the European Green Deal Make Agriculture More Sustainable?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
Robin Blake
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Growing Population

The concept of sustainable agriculture involves meeting society?s current food and material needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, and is a core theme of the green deal. Sustainability is closely linked to resilience, i.e. the capacity of food systems over time to provide sufficient, adequate, and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen challenges. Food systems cannot expect to be resilient to challenges such as climate change and COVID-19 if they are not sustainable. Historically, solutions to produce more food sustainably focussed on bringing more land into agriculture, exploiting new or underutilised resources, and adopting new technologies. However, it is now recognised that we need to do more with less, and use what we have wisely and with the best scientific and ecological investments, especially in Europe. Pressures on land use from a growing population to build houses, transport, and infrastructure, as well as protecting habitats for recreation and biodiversity, mean that simply finding more agricultural land is not an option.

Digital cultures and climate change: ‘Here and now’

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Boykoff
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
First Century ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Digital Cultures

We are living through momentous times as we confront issues surrounding digital cultures and communications about climate change. There is urgency derived from our recognition that climate change is ‘here and now’. Inequalities of power and access – in both digital cultures and in a changing climate – disadvantage individuals and communities who seek to take actions in the face of climate threats. Via digital cultures, creativity is expanding rather than retracting from the challenge of meeting people where they are on climate change in the twenty-first century. Amid signs of progress and hope, there is much more work to be done.

scholarly journals Minimizing pest and disease risks in uncertain climates: CABI initiatives developing new technologies and tools for outreaching early warning to farmers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryony Taylor ◽  
Jonathan Casey ◽  
Sivapragasam Annamalai ◽  
Elizabeth A. Finch ◽  
Tim Beale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Face

Abstract Recent climate models have projected a global temperature increase of at least 1.5-2°C on present day temperatures, including a high likelihood of an increase in extreme temperatures experienced in inhabited places. Changes to observed precipitation patterns are likely with several regions predicted to experience an increase in heavy precipitation and others likely to experience more drought, and a precipitation deficit. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest these changing climatic conditions affect the distribution and phenology of pests and diseases of agriculture. As ectothermic organisms, arthropod pests and fungal diseases are sensitive to changes in mean temperatures and temperature ranges to which they are exposed, with warmer average conditions likely to increase development rates and more extreme temperatures likely to have a negative impact on development. Models which incorporate climate change projections indicate that pests and diseases may shift or increase their ranges in line with warming temperatures. Smallholder farmers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with farmers reporting negative impacts on crop production and needing to change farming practices in response to changing climates. In the face of changeable conditions, traditional pest management practices may not be as effective given the climate change induced changes which may be present in the ecosystems e.g. alteration of tritrophic interactions between pest and natural enemies. This paper gives an overview of current and recent projects where CABI and partners have developed and utilised existing technologies, methodologies and approaches that may help smallholder farmers to receive the necessary information to control pests and diseases in the context of changing climates. First, we cover the application of species distribution models and their benefits in highlighting areas at risk of pest incursion in the future. Second, we cover within season modelling approaches, driven by earth observation data sources to help farmers to make informed decisions on the best time to apply an intervention, in the face of changing within season temperatures. Finally, we report on CABI's activities associated with climate smart agriculture in South East Asia.

scholarly journals Сравнительный анализ многолетней динамики развития основных болезней винограда в условиях Крыма

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Yevgenia Galkina ◽  
Natalia Aleinikova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

С целью моделирования будущих сценариев развития милдью и оидиума винограда в условиях изменения климата установлены основные закономерности сезонной и многолетней (1987-2018 гг.) динамики развития данных заболеваний на виноградниках Крыма. Многолетняя динамика милдью в ампелоценозах Юго-западной зоны виноградарства свидетельствует о непрерывности и неравномерности развития болезни по годам с высокой зависимостью (r=0,73-0,8) от количества осадков в период с мая по август. Оидиум на виноградниках Южного берега Крыма развивается непрерывно, относительно постоянно и в средней степени зависит от относительной влажности воздуха в мае (r=0,52). Сезонные динамики эпифитотического процесса милдью определяются гидротермическими условиями и сильно варьируют по годам; для оидиума установлено относительное постоянство данного процесса и смещение начала развития болезни на более ранние сроки, что обусловлено климатическими изменениями.To simulate future scenarios of mildew and oidium progression on vines in a changing climate, major patterns have been established for seasonal and long-term (1987-2018) dynamics of the diseases in the vineyards of Crimea. The multi-year mildew dynamics in the ampelocenoses of the southwestern viticultural zone demonstrate continuity and uneven progression of the disease by years with a high rainfall dependence (r = 0.73-0.8) between May and August. Oidium in the vineyards of the South Coast has been evolving continuously and relatively constantly; it moderately depends on relative air humidity in May (r=0.52). The seasonal dynamics of the epiphytotic mildew process is governed by hydrothermal conditions, and vary greatly by years; for oidium, a relative continuity of the process and a shift in the onset of the disease to earlier periods were established, which is caused by climate change.

Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Steffen (Lead Author)
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Australian Alps ◽  
The Face

Australia's unique biodiversity is under threat from a rapidly changing climate. The effects of climate change are already discernible at all levels of biodiversity – genes, species, communities and ecosystems. Many of Australia's most valued and iconic natural areas – the Great Barrier Reef, south-western Australia, the Kakadu wetlands and the Australian Alps – are among the most vulnerable. But much more is at stake than saving iconic species or ecosystems. Australia's biodiversity is fundamental to the country's national identity, economy and quality of life. In the face of uncertainty about specific climate scenarios, ecological and management principles provide a sound basis for maximising opportunities for species to adapt, communities to reorganise and ecosystems to transform while maintaining basic functions critical to human society. This innovative approach to biodiversity conservation under a changing climate leads to new challenges for management, policy development and institutional design. This book explores these challenges, building on a detailed analysis of the interactions between a changing climate and Australia's rich but threatened biodiversity. Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change is an important reference for policy makers, researchers, educators, students, journalists, environmental and conservation NGOs, NRM managers, and private landholders with an interest in biodiversity conservation in a rapidly changing world.

scholarly journals Impacts of climate change on rainfall extremes and urban drainage systems: a review

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Arnbjerg-Nielsen ◽  
P. Willems ◽  
J. Olsson ◽  
S. Beecham ◽  
A. Pathirana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Precipitation Patterns ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Urban Drainage Systems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

A review is made of current methods for assessing future changes in urban rainfall extremes and their effects on urban drainage systems, due to anthropogenic-induced climate change. The review concludes that in spite of significant advances there are still many limitations in our understanding of how to describe precipitation patterns in a changing climate in order to design and operate urban drainage infrastructure. Climate change may well be the driver that ensures that changes in urban drainage paradigms are identified and suitable solutions implemented. Design and optimization of urban drainage infrastructure considering climate change impacts and co-optimizing these with other objectives will become ever more important to keep our cities habitable into the future.

scholarly journals HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT, PROSPECTS OF CONSTRUCTION, RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION OF RECLAMATION SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
O. O. Dekhtyar ◽  
I. V. Voitovich ◽  
S. V. Usatyi ◽  
G. V. Voropai ◽  
N. D. Briuzghina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of

Purpose of research. To analyze the basic tendencies and prospects of the development of construction, reconstruction and restoration of irrigation and drainage systems in Ukraine and to outline the main areas of researches and achievements of Reclamation Department of the Institute on the issues of reliable and effective functioning of water management and reclamation complex. Research Method - Analytical, Statistical. Study results and main findings. The article analyzes the current state of the irrigation and drainage sector in Ukraine in the context of climate change and emphasizes its decisive role in obtaining stable and predictable crop yiels, increasing land productivity and further developing agricultural production. The history of development and the nascent stages of the scientific departments of the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation (now the Institute of Water Problems and Land Reclamation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) dealt with the issues of water management construction, operation, maintenance, repair and restoration of the engineering infrastructure of irrigation and drainage systems, sprinkling equipment, hydraulic structures and equipment were considered. The results of multi-year researches, main areas of scientific activity, developments and achievements of the specialists of the departments of irrigation and drainages, operation of water management and drainage systems, drainage and irrigation reclamation of the Institute on the issues of reliable and efficient functioning of  water and land reclamation complex were systematized. Technical and technological basis for improving the infrastructure of irrigation and drainage systems were justified and the ways of solving the existing problems were proposed. It was noted that at present, given climate change and management conditions, increasing productivity and sustainability of agriculture requires searching for new scientific, methodological, technical and technological approaches to the restoration and further development of irrigation and drainage. Prospects. At the same time, reforming the management of the water sector supported by an appropriate legislative framework and the active involvement of water users in management processes is a prerequisite. The necessity of implementing the provisions and measures proposed in the “Irrigation and Drainage Strategy of Ukraine for the Period until 2030”, prepared with the participation of the specialists from IWPLR NAAS, was emphasized, which will contribute to the effective use of irrigation and drainage systems potential to increase the agricultural production in the conditions of climate change.

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