scholarly journals Сравнительный анализ многолетней динамики развития основных болезней винограда в условиях Крыма

2019 ◽  
pp. 244-249
Author(s):  
Yevgenia Galkina ◽  
Natalia Aleinikova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

С целью моделирования будущих сценариев развития милдью и оидиума винограда в условиях изменения климата установлены основные закономерности сезонной и многолетней (1987-2018 гг.) динамики развития данных заболеваний на виноградниках Крыма. Многолетняя динамика милдью в ампелоценозах Юго-западной зоны виноградарства свидетельствует о непрерывности и неравномерности развития болезни по годам с высокой зависимостью (r=0,73-0,8) от количества осадков в период с мая по август. Оидиум на виноградниках Южного берега Крыма развивается непрерывно, относительно постоянно и в средней степени зависит от относительной влажности воздуха в мае (r=0,52). Сезонные динамики эпифитотического процесса милдью определяются гидротермическими условиями и сильно варьируют по годам; для оидиума установлено относительное постоянство данного процесса и смещение начала развития болезни на более ранние сроки, что обусловлено климатическими изменениями.To simulate future scenarios of mildew and oidium progression on vines in a changing climate, major patterns have been established for seasonal and long-term (1987-2018) dynamics of the diseases in the vineyards of Crimea. The multi-year mildew dynamics in the ampelocenoses of the southwestern viticultural zone demonstrate continuity and uneven progression of the disease by years with a high rainfall dependence (r = 0.73-0.8) between May and August. Oidium in the vineyards of the South Coast has been evolving continuously and relatively constantly; it moderately depends on relative air humidity in May (r=0.52). The seasonal dynamics of the epiphytotic mildew process is governed by hydrothermal conditions, and vary greatly by years; for oidium, a relative continuity of the process and a shift in the onset of the disease to earlier periods were established, which is caused by climate change.

scholarly journals A Hydrological Modeling Approach for Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff Regimes in Slovakia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3358
Author(s):  
Patrik Sleziak ◽  
Roman Výleta ◽  
Kamila Hlavčová ◽  
Michaela Danáčová ◽  
Milica Aleksić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Reference Period ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Time Horizons ◽  
The Future

The changing climate is a concern with regard to sustainable water resources. Projections of the runoff in future climate conditions are needed for long-term planning of water resources and flood protection. In this study, we evaluate the possible climate change impacts on the runoff regime in eight selected basins located in the whole territory of Slovakia. The projected runoff in the basins studied for the reference period (1981–2010) and three future time horizons (2011–2040, 2041–2070, and 2071–2100) was simulated using the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) bucket-type model (the TUW (Technische Universität Wien) model). A calibration strategy based on the selection of the most suitable decade in the observation period for the parameterization of the model was applied. The model was first calibrated using observations, and then was driven by the precipitation and air temperatures projected by the KNMI (Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut) and MPI (Max Planck Institute) regional climate models (RCM) under the A1B emission scenario. The model’s performance metrics and a visual inspection showed that the simulated runoff using downscaled inputs from both RCM models for the reference period represents the simulated hydrological regimes well. An evaluation of the future, which was performed by considering the representative climate change scenarios, indicated that changes in the long-term runoff’s seasonality and extremality could be expected in the future. In the winter months, the runoff should increase, and decrease in the summer months compared to the reference period. The maximum annual daily runoff could be more extreme for the later time horizons (according to the KNMI scenario for 2071–2100). The results from this study could be useful for policymakers and river basin authorities for the optimum planning and management of water resources under a changing climate.

Climatology of the relative humidity in the Carpathian Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Cséplő ◽  
István Geresdi ◽  
Ákos Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Seasonal Trends ◽  
Annual Trend ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
It Impacts

<p>The reports about the climate change mostly focus about the trend of the temperature or precipitation. However, the relative humidity is also an important characteristic of the atmosphere, e.g. it impacts both the cloud and fog formation. The trends of the relative humidity in the changing climate have been found to be rather uncertain.  In this research the climatological trend of the relative humidity in the Carpathian Valley was studied. Analysis of the long-term observed database from eight meteorological stations was used to present the annual and seasonal trends of the relative humidity. The annual trend was found to be between 2-3% in every meteorological station. The results show that the relative humidity has decreased every season but in autumn, when the trend of it has not been consistent. While the most significant decrease has been occurred during spring, the decrease was negligible during autumn.</p>

scholarly journals Knowledge politics in participatory climate change adaptation research on agroecology in Malawi

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Bezner Kerr ◽  
Hanson Nyantakyi-Frimpong ◽  
Laifolo Dakishoni ◽  
Esther Lupafya ◽  
Lizzie Shumba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Agricultural Knowledge ◽  
Sources Of Knowledge

AbstractClimate change is projected to have severe implications for smallholder agriculture in Africa, with increased temperatures, increased drought and flooding occurrence, and increased rainfall variability. Given these projections, there is a need to identify effective strategies to help rural communities adapt to climatic risks. Yet, relatively little research has examined the politics and social dynamics around knowledge and sources of information about climate-change adaptation with smallholder farming communities. This paper uses a political ecology approach to historically situate rural people's experiences with a changing climate. Using the concept of the co-production of knowledge, we examine how Malawian smallholder farmers learn, perceive, share and apply knowledge about a changing climate, and what sources they draw on for agroecological methods in this context. As well, we pay particular attention to agricultural knowledge flows within and between households. We ask two main questions: Whose knowledge counts in relation to climate-change adaptation? What are the political, social and environmental implications of these knowledge dynamics? We draw upon a long-term action research project on climate-change adaptation that involved focus groups, interviews, observations, surveys, and participatory agroecology experiments with 425 farmers. Our findings are consistent with other studies, which found that agricultural knowledge sources were shaped by gender and other social inequalities, with women more reliant on informal networks than men. Farmers initially ranked extension services as important sources of knowledge about farming and climate change. After farmers carried out participatory agroecological research, they ranked their own observation and informal farmer networks as more important sources of knowledge. Contradictory ideas about climate-change adaptation, linked to various positions of power, gaps of knowledge and social inequalities make it challenging for farmers to know how to act despite observing changes in rainfall. Participatory agroecological approaches influenced adaptation strategies used by smallholder farmers in Malawi, but most still maintained the dominant narrative about climate-change causes, which focused on local deforestation by rural communities. Smallholder farmers in Malawi are responsible for <1% of global greenhouse gas emissions, yet our results show that the farmers often blame their own rural communities for changes in deforestation and rainfall patterns. Researchers need to consider differences knowledge and power between scientists and farmers and the contradictory narratives at work in communities to foster long-term change.

scholarly journals Phenological phenomena in the life of plants in Zhiguli Nature Reserve in the changing climate (using the example of Laser trilobum and Euphorbia zhiguliensis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya S. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Changing Environment ◽  
Changing Climate

Phenological processes of two rare species, Laser trilobum and Euphorbia zhiguliensis, in Zhiguli Reserve, and their changes associated with climate change during more than 38 years of observations are discussed. Long-term weather condition phenorhythms in the reserve were summarized, and the behavior of the plants in the changing environment was studied..

Energy Saving System Based on Heat Pump for Maintain Microclimate of the Agricultural Objects

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Ge ◽  
Irina Georgievna Ershova ◽  
Alexey N. Vasilyev ◽  
Dmitry Tikhomirov ◽  
Gennady Nikolaevich Samarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Term Storage

At agricultural facilities, the main attention is paid to the formation and maintenance of their microclimate parameters, and mechanization of storage processes. As world experience shows, it is necessary to develop and implement energy-saving systems and the use of renewable energy sources. The authors have developed energy-saving systems based on the heat pump, with upgraded electrical regulators. The developed system (patent 100873), uses thermoelectric elements and a low-potential energy source, to effectively maintain the temperature parameters of the microclimate during long-term storage of potatoes, but it requires a large amount of electricity consumption (30 to 35 kW), so the authors have developed an energy-saving system based on a heat pump (patent 123909). The temperature regime is achieved by using a thermoelectric cooler-heater and an electric heater. The humidifier allows for maintaining the necessary relative air humidity.

scholarly journals Management of air flows inside steel silo during grain storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00108
Author(s):  
I. A. Kechkin ◽  
V.A. Ermolaev ◽  
A.I. Romanenko ◽  
V.V. Tarakanova ◽  
K.D. Buzetti
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Condensate Formation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Condensed Moisture ◽  
Term Storage

A study was conducted concerning effects of temperature and relative air humidity during long-term storage of wheat grain in a steel silo. The study was aimed at identifying the possibility of condensed moisture appearing under the silo roof. The probable periods of condensate in the space under the silo roof depending on the temperature difference inside and outside the silo have been determined. Some ways to prevent the condensate formation are proposed in the paper.

Stomatal behavior following mid- or long-term exposure to high relative air humidity: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 92-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Fanourakis ◽  
Sasan Aliniaeifard ◽  
Arne Sellin ◽  
Habtamu Giday ◽  
Oliver Körner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Humidity ◽  
Stomatal Behavior ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

scholarly journals Dependence of fat acidity value on wheat grain storage conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00107
Author(s):  
I. A. Kechkin ◽  
V. A. Ermolaev ◽  
M. V. Ivanov ◽  
A. I. Romanenko ◽  
E. A. Gurkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Relative Air Humidity

The article presents the dependence of the fat acidity value (FAV) on the values of humidity and temperature, the relationship between the storage duration for wheat grain and FAV. To establish the expiration date of wheat grain during long-term storage, the author of the article considered the fat acid value (FAV) in mg of KOH. Storage temperature and relative air humidity in a desiccator affect the change (growth) of fat acidity value. The greatest changes occurred at 6th, 7th and 8th months of storage at a relative air humidity of more than 65 % and temperatures above 20 °C. At a storage temperature of 10 °C, in all cases the growth of FAV remained insignificant and was within the limits of determination accuracy. It is noted that when the relative humidity was below 60 %, while the temperature was the same as in the previous case, the FAV of wheat grain was practically unchanged through the 6-month storage period.

scholarly journals Long-Term Rainfall Trends and Future Projections over Xijiang River Basin, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Touseef ◽  
Lihua Chen ◽  
Kaipeng Yang ◽  
Yunyao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Xijiang River ◽  
The Xijiang River

Precipitation trend detection is vital for water resources development and decision support systems. This study predicts the climate change impacts on long-term precipitation trends. It deals with the analysis of observed historical (1960–2010) and arithmetic mean method in assembling precipitation from CMIP5 Global Climate Models (GCMs) datasets for a future period (2020–2099) under four emission scenarios. Daily precipitation data of 32 weather stations in the Xijiang River Basin were provided by National Meteorological Information Centre (NMIC) of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) and Global Climate Models (GCMs) with all four emission scenarios statistically downscaled using Bias Correction Special Disaggregation (BCSD) and applied for bias correction via Climate Change Toolkit (CCT). Nonparametric Mann–Kendall test was applied for statistical significance trend analysis while the magnitude of the trends was determined by nonparametric Sen’s estimator method on a monthly scale to detect monotonic trends in annual and seasonal precipitation time series. The results showed a declined trend was observed for the past 50 years over the basin with negative values of MK test (Z) and Sen’s slope Q. Historical GCMs precipitation detected decreasing trends except for NoerESM1-M which observed slightly increasing trends. The results are further validated by historical precipitation recorded by the Climate Research Unit (CRU-TS-3.1). The future scenarios will likely be positive trends for annual rainfall. Significant positive trends were observed in monsoon and winter seasons while premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons will likely be slightly downward trends. The 2040s will likely observe the lowest increase of 6.6% while the 2050s will observe the highest increase of 11.5% over the 21st century under future scenarios. However, due to the uncertainties in CMIP5, the future precipitation projections should be interpreted with caution. Thus, it could be concluded that the trend of change in precipitation around the Xijiang River Basin is on the increase under future scenarios. The results can be valuable to water resources and agriculture management policies, as well as the approach for managing floods and droughts under the perspective of global climate change.

scholarly journals Problems and main areas of irrigation and drainage development in Ukraine in a changing climate

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
O. O. Dekhtiar ◽  
Yu. V. Husyev ◽  
M. V. Yatsiuk ◽  
R. V. Saydak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face

Climate change has caused rapid soil dehydration in Ukraine; therefore sustainable agriculture will only be possible applying throughout irrigation or water regulation. Meanwhile, the use of the irrigation and drainage systems potential remains extremely unsatisfactory. In 2019, 532,000 ha were actually irrigated, and water regulation was performed on less than 300,000 ha. The purpose of the research. To analyze the existing state and substantiate the areas of the irrigation and drainage sector development to ensure the sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. Materials and methods of the research. In the work, a set of methods was used: analytical, expert evaluations, surveys, comparisons and analogues, experimental. Observation data from the state meteorological stations network were used to evaluate hydrothermal conditions and the data from the network of hydrological posts of Ukrhydrometcentre were used to evaluate the river condition. To assess the technical condition of the engineering infrastructure, methodological approaches were used in accordance with the requirements of the international and European standards and the normative documents currently in force in Ukraine. To identify the possible ways and mechanisms to restore the irrigation and drainage systems potential, the reasons of the existing state were analyzed and it was determined that the uncompleted land and economic reforms, imperfections in the existing legislation and state support mechanisms, especially in the sector management, caused the long-year underfunding of irrigation and drainage facilities operation and restoration and resulted in the crisis situation in the sector. Conclusions. Based on the study of the world experience and the carried out research, it was established that the restoration and development of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine are possible only along with the implementation of a legal and institutional reform to introduce decentralization, improvement of the existing legislation, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems through the development and implementation of investment projects for restoration and development of irrigation and drainage systems, creation of attractive investment environments, development and introduction of a financing mechanism to cover management, operation and maintenance costs based on a new tariff formation system, introduction of the scientific support and staffing system for the land reclamation sector. The basis for the deployment of irrigation and drainage restoration should be the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine until 2030", and the appropriate plan of measures, formed on the basis of fundamentally new institutional, scientific, technical and technological, economic, organizational, social and environmental approaches, should become a tool for achieving the goals of the "Strategy ...". Successful implementation of the goals of irrigation and drainage restoration in Ukraine will create the conditions to sustainable and profitable agricultural production in the face of climate change, to restore irrigation on the area of about 1,0 to 1,2 mln. ha and drainage on the area of 1,0 mln. ha and to additionally get up to 10 mln. tons of grain, 8-10 mln. tons of fruit, berries and vegetables annually.

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