scholarly journals Generalization of scientific experience and modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay ◽  
N. B. Molescha ◽  
N. V. Mozol
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Effective Functioning

The experience of agricultural production on drained lands indicates that the existing scientific justification for land reclamation does not meet the requirements of today. This also applies to the use of drained lands of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe. The goal of the research is to generalize many-year scientific research (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") and determine the modern aspects of its use to ensure the effective functioning of water-regulating systems in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate. To summarize, we used the results of many-year research for the period of 1935–2019, which were obtained on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen". The research methods are based on systematic analysis and knowledge generalization on long-term research in the area of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe. It was established that in the conditions of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe (on the drainage-irrigation system "Romen") a considerable number of scientific developments on the technologies of crop cultivation on the drained lands was obtained, the most productive cultivars of crops were selected and optimum norms of fertilizers for their application were calculated. The methods of basic tillage were studied taking into account the cultivation degree of soils, new designs of reclamation systems were developed (combined water-regulating systems with inclined and low-slope drains and water control units; local contour-water storage systems), which were tested in the production conditions and resource-saving water regulation technology, which is based on the use of small irrigation rates. For today, to scientifically ensure the effective functioning of water- regulating systems and the use of drained lands in the Left Bank Forest-Steppe in a changing climate, it is important to use the experience gained on agronomic measures for growing crops on drained lands, improving water supply of reclamation systems (application of contour water-absorbing constructions made of local filtration materials), resource-saving technologies of water regime regulation, which are based on applying small irrigation rates. Currently, in the context of climate change, which has led to the deterioration of water supply conditions on water-regulating systems, the research is underway to improve the efficiency of water-regulating systems and the use of drained lands, taking into account the features of their agricultural use. The technology of accumulation of water and drainage runoff in the accumulating tank was developed. The results of its approbation showed that in the conditions of climate change, growing deficit of water resources it is possible to provide effective water regulation on drained lands by creating reserve water volumes in the reclaimed areas and increase the yield of crops. According to the results of regional experimental studies on the cultivation of promising and highly productive fodder crops (barnyard grass, amaranth and fodder beans) a technology for growing them on different types of drained soils was developed, which is based on optimal water regulation and takes into account the supply of essential nutrients, the degree of soil acidity and modern climate change.

scholarly journals CURRENT STATE AND THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DRAINAGE RECLAMATION IN A CHANGING CLIMATE

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay ◽  
M. V. Yatsyk ◽  
N. V. Mozol
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current State ◽  
Effective Use

 Drainage reclamation in the area of excessive water supply of Ukraine is an important component of ensuring sustainable agricultural production. However, today, after reforming the agricultural sector, land parcellation, and in a view of the financial crisis, which has affected virtually all sectors of social production, the efficiency of land use and their role in the state's food and resource supply has been significantly reduced. The objective of the research is to specify the current state and prospects for the development of drainage reclamation in a changing climate and to determine the priorities for restoring the effective use of drained land. Research Methods. Research methods are based on systematic analysis and generalization of the knowledge regarding the current state and features of the functioning of the reclamation systems in the humid zone of Ukraine. The results of the analysis of the current state of drainage reclamation in a changing climate, which occurs in recent decades, are accompanied by the instability of water supply in the reclaimed territories and form new conditions for crop growing. The features of reclamation systems functioning were specified. The main factors affecting the systems functioning and the efficiency of drained land use are the insufficient water supply to the land reclamation systems; land parcellation without taking into account the technological integrity of the drained arrays; poor technical condition of farm engineering infrastructure. The priorities of the development of drainage reclamation in modern conditions and the ways of restoring effective functioning of reclamation systems, in a view of  the transformation processes, arisen as a result of reforming the agrarian sector, and modern agrotechnical and ecological requirements, are increasing the water supply of drainage systems; their reconstruction and modernization; development and implementation of new structural and technological solutions taking into account modern social, ecological and economic, agrotechnical requirements and the requirements of land users. It is established that in modern conditions one of the most effective and economical technological methods of water regime regulation on the drained lands is the accumulation of local drainage runoff. The developed structural and technological solutions for improving the water supply of the reclaimed territories are introduced. Their implementation enables to ensure the efficient and effective control of water regulation processes, to obtain guaranteed water volumes for moistening and ensuring optimal water regime in the soil root layer. It was found out that obtaining guaranteed volumes of agricultural products in a changing climate is possible only due to observance of scientifically grounded technological processes in land reclamation and ensuring water regime regulation on the drained lands. Therefore, maximum utilization of the potential of crop varieties and hybrids is possible only by ensuring the regulation of soil water regimes. Conclusions. The restoration of the effective use of drainage systems under intensive water regulation is one of the priorities, which requires the implementation of the measures on land reclamation systems modernization and reconstruction.

scholarly journals Problems and main areas of irrigation and drainage development in Ukraine in a changing climate

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
M. I. Romashchenko ◽  
O. O. Dekhtiar ◽  
Yu. V. Husyev ◽  
M. V. Yatsiuk ◽  
R. V. Saydak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
The Face

Climate change has caused rapid soil dehydration in Ukraine; therefore sustainable agriculture will only be possible applying throughout irrigation or water regulation. Meanwhile, the use of the irrigation and drainage systems potential remains extremely unsatisfactory. In 2019, 532,000 ha were actually irrigated, and water regulation was performed on less than 300,000 ha. The purpose of the research. To analyze the existing state and substantiate the areas of the irrigation and drainage sector development to ensure the sustainable agriculture in the face of a changing climate. Materials and methods of the research. In the work, a set of methods was used: analytical, expert evaluations, surveys, comparisons and analogues, experimental. Observation data from the state meteorological stations network were used to evaluate hydrothermal conditions and the data from the network of hydrological posts of Ukrhydrometcentre were used to evaluate the river condition. To assess the technical condition of the engineering infrastructure, methodological approaches were used in accordance with the requirements of the international and European standards and the normative documents currently in force in Ukraine. To identify the possible ways and mechanisms to restore the irrigation and drainage systems potential, the reasons of the existing state were analyzed and it was determined that the uncompleted land and economic reforms, imperfections in the existing legislation and state support mechanisms, especially in the sector management, caused the long-year underfunding of irrigation and drainage facilities operation and restoration and resulted in the crisis situation in the sector. Conclusions. Based on the study of the world experience and the carried out research, it was established that the restoration and development of irrigation and drainage in Ukraine are possible only along with the implementation of a legal and institutional reform to introduce decentralization, improvement of the existing legislation, modernization of irrigation and drainage systems through the development and implementation of investment projects for restoration and development of irrigation and drainage systems, creation of attractive investment environments, development and introduction of a financing mechanism to cover management, operation and maintenance costs based on a new tariff formation system, introduction of the scientific support and staffing system for the land reclamation sector. The basis for the deployment of irrigation and drainage restoration should be the "Irrigation and Drainage Strategy in Ukraine until 2030", and the appropriate plan of measures, formed on the basis of fundamentally new institutional, scientific, technical and technological, economic, organizational, social and environmental approaches, should become a tool for achieving the goals of the "Strategy ...". Successful implementation of the goals of irrigation and drainage restoration in Ukraine will create the conditions to sustainable and profitable agricultural production in the face of climate change, to restore irrigation on the area of about 1,0 to 1,2 mln. ha and drainage on the area of 1,0 mln. ha and to additionally get up to 10 mln. tons of grain, 8-10 mln. tons of fruit, berries and vegetables annually.

LAND RECLAMATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA) IN THE CONDITIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
M. I. LOSKIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Water Pipelines ◽  
Group Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Supply ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The current state of agricultural land reclamation in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), its role in agricultural production of the republic, taking into account the impact of climate change on irrigation facilities, is considered. It has been established that at present in the sphere of public administration in the field of land reclamation in the republic there are estuary irrigation systems, drainage systems and agricultural water supply facilities, as well as group water pipelines for water supply of rural settlements and irrigation of agricultural land.

Determining parameters and chronology of a sustainable water harvest system in desert oases; case study Qurayyah, northwest Arabian Peninsula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Prochazka ◽  
Marta Luciani ◽  
Christopher Lüthgens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Engineering ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Engineering Approach

<p>The arid regions of the world occupy 46% of the total surface area, providing a habitat for 3 billion people. More than 630 million people are directly affected by desertification. Extreme events like droughts and flash floods increase the pressure on plants, animals and above all, humans and their settlements. In the context of a climate change with such far-reaching consequences, historical oases settlements stand out as best practice examples, because their water supply systems must have been adapted to the changing climate during the Holocene to guarantee the viability of the oases and their inhabitants. I will focus on the ancient oasis Qurayyah, located in the northwest of the Arabian Peninsula, a unique example in this context. Recent research has proven that, lacking a groundwater spring, the formation of a permanent settlement in Qurayyah was made possible mainly by surface-water harvesting, with local fracture springs potentially only providing drinking water. First numerical dating results for the water harvesting system from optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of quartz confirm that the system was erected in a period characterized by changing climatic conditions from the Holocene climate optimum to the recent arid phase. This study aims to determine parameters and chronology of this sustainable irrigation system and intends to learn and understand how ancient settlers accomplished the construction of such a highly developed water supply system. To reach this research aim the irrigation system was reconstructed using field mapping and remote sensing techniques. It was shown that the reconstructed irrigation system worked as a flood irrigation system. Dams and channels were built to maximize the flooded area and at the same time to prevent catastrophic flooding under high discharge conditions. Contemporaneous historical irrigation systems in comparable size and complexity are known from Mesopotamia or Egypt. In addition to the system’s reconstruction, a new reverse engineering approach based on palaeobotany was developed for Qurayyah to reconstruct the climate conditions during the time of its operation. Compared to today’s precipitation of 32 mm per year in the research area, our results imply that the irrigation system was constructed in a time of significant climate change, because significantly higher amounts of precipitation would have been necessary to enable the cultivation of olive trees (reference plant for the reverse engineering approach), with a sufficient amount of water.</p>

scholarly journals Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
G. V. Voropay
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Export Market ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Humid Zone ◽  
Scientific Support ◽  
Water Volumes

Modern aspects of scientific support for the restoration (reconstruction and modernization) of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine were determined, which were established based on the results of the analysis of the current state and features of drainage systems functioning. One of the priority areas is the development of a scientific justification of improving water supply for drainage systems. The most effective and economical technological method of increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is the accumulation of local drainage runoff. Given the shortage of local drainage and surface runoff, increasing the water supply in reclaimed areas is provided by withdrawing and supplying to reclamation systems extra water volumes from existing reservoirs, rivers, ponds, lakes, located both within and beyond the systems. The current structure of agricultural use of drained lands in the humid zone is subject to both climate change and export market conditions. In agricultural production such crops as grain corn, sunflower, rapeseed, soybeans are cultivated. Changes in the use of drained land should be taken into account when justifying the reconstruction or modernization of drainage systems. This will enable to develop and implement a set of measures for technical re-equipment and reconstruction of drainage systems, introduce advanced resource-saving technology for growing economically attractive crops and ensure effective water regulation on drained land sin accordance with the requirements of agricultural production. The technical state of modern drainage systems in the humid zone is mainly characterized by two conditions: satisfactory, when the systems are under operation (operational) and can perform their functions keeping the design mode, and unsatisfactory, when the restoration of drainage systems is only possible provided modernization measures. Given climate change, the priority measures for the modernization of drainage systems should include work to expand their functionality to regulate soil water regime throughout the growing season. In view of the cost of modernization to expand the functionality of different types of systems (drainage, drainage and irrigation, polder and water circulation) by constructing irrigation systems on them is much lower compared to modernize them to drainage and irrigation ones when  using sluice technology, preference should be given namely to the construction of irrigation systems.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing and Modelling Based Framework for Valuing Irrigation System Efficiency and Steering Indicators of Consumptive Water Use in an Irrigated Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9535
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Talha Mahmood ◽  
Christopher Conrad ◽  
Habib Ullah Bodla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Management ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Consumptive Water Use ◽  
Consumptive Water

Water crises are becoming severe in recent times, further fueled by population increase and climate change. They result in complex and unsustainable water management. Spatial estimation of consumptive water use is vital for performance assessment of the irrigation system using Remote Sensing (RS). For this study, its estimation is done using the Soil Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) approach. Performance indicators including equity, adequacy, and reliability were worked out at various spatiotemporal scales. Moreover, optimization and sustainable use of water resources are not possible without knowing the factors mainly influencing consumptive water use of major crops. For that purpose, random forest regression modelling was employed using various sets of factors for site-specific, proximity, and cropping system. The results show that the system is underperforming both for Kharif (i.e., summer) and Rabi (i.e., winter) seasons. Performance indicators highlight poor water distribution in the system, a shortage of water supply, and unreliability. The results are relatively good for Rabi as compared to Kharif, with an overall poor situation for both seasons. Factors importance varies for different crops. Overall, distance from canal, road density, canal density, and farm approachability are the most important factors for explaining consumptive water use. Auditing of consumptive water use shows the potential for resource optimization through on-farm water management by the targeted approach. The results are based on the present situation without considering future changes in canal water supply and consumptive water use under climate change.

scholarly journals Water need formation on the drained lands in the variable climatic, agricultural and ameliorative conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
A. M. Rokochinskiy ◽  
P. P. Volk ◽  
R. M. Koptyuk ◽  
N. V. Prykhodko
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Crop Cultivation ◽  
Climate Conditions

Relevance of research. At both global and regional levels, climate change has become an indisputable fact, the presence of which has posed to humanity the challenge of solving a number of extremely important and complex tasks related to the development and implementation of a strategy for their practical continued existence. Data base on evaporation and water needs for agricultural crops in the different periods of their growing, depending on the climatic conditions, are the basis for the development of design and formation of operational regimes of water regulation carried out by justifying the necessary methods of water regulation, types, structures and modes of operation of hydro-reclamation systems and calculation of their parameters. Aim of the study is to estimate the changes in water needs during crop cultivation on the drained lands of the Western Polissya in Ukraine in the variable climatic, agricultural and ameliorative conditions for the substantiation of appropriate adaptive decisions to it. To achieve this goal, the authors evaluated the weather and climate conditions in the Western Polissya in Ukraine and calculated the evaporation in the studied conditions, planned and carried out a large-scale computer experiment, based on a complex of predictive-simulation models concerning the basic regimes and technological variables of the hydro-reclamation system parameters, climate conditions, water regime, water regulation technologies and the productivity of drained lands for the schematized natural, agricultural and ameliorative conditions. Research methods. The research methods were based on the application of system theory along with the systematic approach, system analysis and modeling oriented on widespread use of computers and related software in developing modern approaches to the substantiation of technical and technological solutions for water regulation on the drained lands in the conditions of climate change. The object of the study is the drainage system “Birky” in Rivne region, typical for the region in relation to the natural land reclamation conditions.   Results of the study and the main conclusions. It was established the needs for additional irrigation of cultivated crops on the drained lands of the Western Polissya in Ukraine in the current weather and climatic conditions. Based on the long-term forecast the vegetative values of the total evaporation and the formation of water needs for the drained lands in the variable climatic, agricultural land reclamation conditions were determined. The technological efficiency of different technologies of the irrigation on the drained lands was evaluated.  This approach to the estimation of changes in water needs during crop cultivation in the variable climatic, agricultural and ameliorative conditions allows determining the best technology of water regulation for growing a particular crop under the studied conditions in terms of the most rational use of water resources and the efficiency of system functioning. Prospects. The obtained results can be effectively used for justification of regime and technological decisions in the projects of construction and reconstruction of hydro-reclamation systems of the Western Polissya in Ukraine in the variable climate conditions and developing hydro-technical adaptive measures to the predicted climate change in the region. 

Adaptation of surface water supply to climate change in central Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Gohari ◽  
Ali Bozorgi ◽  
Kaveh Madani ◽  
Jeffrey Elledge ◽  
Ronny Berndtsson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Reservoir Operation ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Surface Water Supply

Optimal reservoir operation changes and adaptation strategies for the Zayandeh-Rud River Basin's surface water supply system are examined for a changing climate during the 2015–2044 period. On average, the monthly temperature in the basin is expected to increase by 0.46–0.76 °C and annual precipitation is expected to decrease by 14–38% with climate change, resulting in a reduction of the Zayandeh-Rud's peak stream flow and the amplitude of its seasonal range. Snowfall decrease in winter months will generally lead to an 8–43% reduction in annual stream flow under climate change. A reservoir operation model is developed and optimal reservoir operation strategies are identified for adaptation of the basin's surface water supply to climate change in the face of the increasing water demand. Results indicate that the reservoir drawdown season starts 2 months earlier under climate change. Smaller storage levels and greater water releases must occur to meet the increasing water demand. The optimized water release can provide sufficient water for non-agricultural water demand, but agriculture will experience more severe water shortage under a changing climate. Having the highest vulnerability, the agricultural sector should be the main focus of regional management plans to address the current water challenge and more severe water shortages under climate change.

scholarly journals Improving Water Supply Capacity of Drainage Systems at Humid Areas in the Changing Climate

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Lyudmyla Kuzmych ◽  
Galyna Voropay ◽  
Nelya Moleshcha ◽  
Olena Babitska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Face ◽  
Supply Capacity

Abstract The paper focuses on research on improving the water supply of drainage systems of humid areas in the context of climate change. The aim of the research is to elaborate on the ways for increasing the available water supply of drainage systems and restoring active water regulation on reclaimed lands in a changing climate. The paper presents the results of the research on improving the available water supply of drainage systems in the humid zone of Ukraine in a changing climate. It was specified in the face of increasing water scarcity providing the optimal water regime regulation on drained lands is possible due to the increase in the available water supply of drainage systems. It can be achieved thanks to the accumulating capacity of reclaimed areas, namely usage of free soil capacity of the aeration zone and open canals, accumulation of water reserve volumes in storage tanks due to the accumulation of surface and drainage runoff. Taking into account the design features of different types of drainage systems, existing water management technologies, characteristics of water sources and their close proximity to the drainage systems, the technological schemes of water intake from rivers and reservoirs, and its supply to the drained areas for irrigation needs were developed. In a face of increasing water scarcity, it is also expedient to apply resource-saving technologies to control the available water supply for crops.

scholarly journals Formation of water supply modules during irrigation of drained land under climate change and land reclamation conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoly Rokochynskiy ◽  
Yury Mazhayskiy ◽  
Pavlo Volk ◽  
Vasyl Turcheniuk ◽  
Roman Koptyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Land Reclamation
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