Humus state of chernozem at different ways of tillage in the agrosystems of the left-bank forest steppe of Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
By Products ◽  
The Way

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine. Aim. To demonstrate the long-term effect of different ways of tillage of typical low-humus chernozem on the change in humus content and composition and the direction of transformation processes of organic fertili- zers. To study the changes in the structure of energy reserves in group and fractional composition of humus in typical low-humus light-loamy chernozem of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, microbiological, computational, mathematical and statistical. Results. It was determined that in conditions of long-term subsurface tillage the most effi cient humus accumulation occurs in the 0–20 cm layer of chernozem with simultaneous increase in its content in the lower part of the processed layer without any accumulation differentiation. Surface tillage leads to expressed differentiation in humus accumulation in the 0–20 cm layer of soil (0.005 % per year). When 6 t/ha of humus are replaced by 7 t/ha of by-products the intensity of humus accumulation is decreasing regardless of the way of tillage, but humus accumulation was found to be the most effi cient for subsurface tillage. The application of subsurface tillage leads to the increase in the ratio of C HA : C FA , which is conditioned by the increase in the humifi cation of plant remains of by-products in the 0−20 cm layer of soil by 110–112 % – for subsurface tillage, and by 105 % – for surface tillage. Conclusions. It was established that systematic subsurface tillage of typical chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine leads to the structuring both of the total reserves of energy С org , and its quality content, aimed at the increase in the intensity of the processes of humifi cation and accumulation of organic carbon, and the decrease in miner- alization. The ratio of energy reserves С org of humic acids to fulvic acids in the 0−30 cm layer of chernozem is 1.85−1.87 regardless of the way of tillage, which testifi es to the repeatability of humus accumulation, but the total reserves of energy С org was higher for subsurface tillage (+ 31 Teracalorie/ha) compared to deep plough- ing. As for the surface tillage, the energy enrichment was at the level of deep ploughing.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of humus content under different technologies of soil tillage

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
P. Boyko ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Simultaneous Decrease ◽  
Humus Accumulation

The continuous agronomic experiment revealed long-term dynamics of the total humus content and presented a forecast of the change in humus content in typical low humus chernozem under different technologies of till- age till 2050. Aim. To determine the rates of humus accumulation dynamics and mineralization of total humus and to develop the forecast of the change in its content within a continuous agronomic experiment under long- standing application of different technologies of soil tillage to typical low humus chernozem of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory-analytical, mathematical and statistical. Results. The application of different technologies of tillage to typical low humus chernozem for 42 years resulted only in the delay in dehumifi cation processes and some stabilization of humus mineralization, but it did not promote its preservation and extended restoration to the initial level as of the start of the experiment. The increase in the total humus content for simple and extended restoration of humus in the centennial cycle equaled 20–25 t and 30–33 t per 1 ha respectively. To ensure the increase in content and reserves of humus for 42 years, it is necessary to introduce 10–12 t of humus per 1 ha for simple restoration of total humus content and 14–15 t per 1 ha – for extended restoration annually. Conclusions. Simple restoration of humus in typical chernozem may be stated after achieving its actual (2017) content of at least 90 % from the content as of the beginning of the centennial cycle (92 years), which ensures maximal approximation to the non-decreasing cycle of humus dynamics trends in the centennial cycle. If the humus content is ensured in the actual measurement for the level, exceeding 90 % from the initial content, and dynamics trends are growing, one may state the success of achieving the state of extended restoration of humus. The obtained state of simple and extended accumulation of humus is ensured by the positivity of the trends of humus increase during the continuous experiment (42 years) with simultaneous decrease in dehumifi cation process in the centennial cycle (92 years) which is impos- sible to neutralize completely.

Analysis of Information Support for the Condition of Soil Resources in Ukraine

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Baliuk ◽  
V. Solovey ◽  
M. Zakharova ◽  
A. Kucher ◽  
S. Truskavetskyi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Soil Resources ◽  
Diffi Cult ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Individual Type ◽  
Available Information

The contemporary condition of soil cover in Ukraine is characterized. The attention is focused onto widespread degradation processes in soils. The causes that determine the development of these negative processes are considered. The contemporary informational support for the condition of soil cover in Ukraine is estimated. In general, the current available information is of narrow-departmental nature, obtained by different methods and non-correlated monitoring programs. As a rule, it is stored in under-structured databases, incompatible with other information systems; mainly recorded on paper media unusable with modern technologies, whereby such information resources are diffi cult to be compiled together. These disadvantages are strong constraints against consistent usage of materials for evaluation, forecast and management of changes in the soil cover. The Soil Observation program should thereby be combined with Agrochemical Passportization and ecology-ameliora- tive monitoring; in other words, the application of innovative soil-agrochemical methodology is considered. Each individual type of surveys shall complement the others, and taken altogether, they shall constitute a con- sistent Information System, capable of solving the problems of assessing the condition, forecasting, manage- ment, usage and protection of soil resources. The monitoring procedures should be conducted on the basis of a new soil concept in line with unifi ed programs and methods, so as to meet European approaches to the maxi- mum extent. Such a technical composition enables getting information on present-day processes in soils, and is the only combination that actually helps us to “ecologize” our knowledge of soils, which is the leading trend in the scope of global soil-science. Thus obtained results will serve as a State-owned tool which would subse- quently facilitate the use and protection of soil resources all over the country, to be involved in a united global soil-information scope. The attention is focused onto social signifi cance of the information on soils and their fertility in terms of land resources optimization, as well as the formation of sustainable land use in Ukraine.

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

scholarly journals Impact of regional weather anomalies on the agroecosystems of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
H. Dovhal ◽  
N. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Complex

Importance of the territory climatic conditions as unpredictable dynamic changes problem that forms a threat to the development of the agricultural sector of the country was investigated. The problem comes from the fact that for food security of agricultural ecosystem it is rather vulnerable to change of climatic parameters, and agriculture belongs to branches which are especially sensitive to climatic changes impact. We analyzed long-term data figures for the period 1995 to 2014, which describe the temperature and moisture regime of Lubny (Poltava region). The main trends and patterns of their dynamics were established, the degree of deviation from the long-term norm was given. The author determined the relationship of the territorial climatic conditions changes and agricultural ecosystem performance and stability and also the potential consequences of the adverse effects. As a result, it was found that the expansion of the growing season crops, due to the increase in temperature and the average value of the classical heat supply plant index, may impair the stability of the agricultural ecosystem complex and reduce its performance. At the same time, one of the adapting agricultural production ways to climate change, which does not require any additional costs, is to optimize the placement of crops due to the harmonization of the production specialization ratio in accordance with the area conditions.

scholarly journals Corn productivity for grain in the short-rotary cultivation of the left bank forest-steppe depending on the fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Tsimbal ◽  
P.I. Boiko ◽  
I.V. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
By Products

The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The study was conducted in the subzone of unstable humidification of the Forest-Steppe on chernozem typical low-humus Panfil research station NSC «Institute of Agriculture NAAS».The aim of the research is to establish the influence of the structure, set and placement of field crops in a 4-field crop rotation for 100 % grain saturation on the overall productivity, yield and quality of corn grain in particular.The technology of growing crops in the experiment is generally accepted and recommended for the research area.Varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops entered into the State Register were sown in the experiment. Chemical plant protection products were used for the production of competitive commodity products of cereals.The results of studies conducted in a long-term stationary field experiment, established in 2001, to study crop rotations on typical chernozems of unstable moisture of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, convincingly show that for highly specialized farms the most rational in this area are 4-field crop rotations. saturation with grain crops (winter wheat peas-corn for spring barley grain) using various fertilizer systems (without fertilizers), mineral (with the introduction of N60P60K60), organo-mineral (NPK + by-products of the predecessor), organic fertilizer systems (by-products of the predecessor)). The grain yield of corn depended on the fertilizer system and was in the range of 5.86–8.30 t/ha. Productivity of crop rotation area for harvesting from 1 ha of arable land with corn for grain in 4-field crop rotation was: grain – 4.54–6.29 tons, fodder units –7.48–10.47 tons; digestible protein – 0.60–0.84 tons. The economic efficiency of growing corn for grain in short-rotation crop rotation, depending on the fertilizer system, is: relatively net profit – 16.04–21.34 thousand UAH/ha, the level of profitability –112 –180 %.

Productivity of different landscaping crop rotation on the typical black soils of Left-bank Forest land

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
P.I. Boyko ◽  
Ya.S. Tsymbal ◽  
T.R. Kalchun ◽  
S.A. Kudrya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Digestible Protein

The results of studies in the long stationary field experiment on typical black soils of unstable moisture of the Forest Steppe show that rational are disorientation 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 m-type types of field-rotational cycles with saturation of grain crops in the range of 57.2-100 % and the corresponding set of winter grain, leguminous, spring cereals, sugar beet, sunflower, rape, fodder - long-term grasses and corn on green feed. The yield of grain crops in them is provided within the range of 4.61-6.15 tons/ha, and the harvest of 1 hectare of arable land is: grains - 3.0-6.0 tons / ha, feed units - 6.73-11.18, digestible protein – 0.60-1.08 tons/ha.

Making up of productivity of sunflower depending on expedients of the cultural operations and fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
L.V. Hubenko ◽  
E.V. Zadubynnaya ◽  
T.V. Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of researches on the influence of fertilizer system and main cultivation of soil on the formation of sunflower productivity in the conditions of the left-bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are presented. The soil on which the research was conducted is typical of the Left Bank Forest Steppe. Weather conditions during the period of research were marked by significant fluctuations in comparison with the average long-term indicators, which made it possible to establish the reaction of sunflower to the agro-ecological factors of cultivation. The research methods used are classical and standardized, which allowed for objective results. The dependence of productive indicators on the application of mineral fertilizers on the background of different methods of basic soil cultivation is shown. It is established that the yield of crops decreases in the direction from plowing to zero tillage of the soil. For sunflower, the best option for the main cultivation of the soil was plowing compared with the shallow disk treatment and technology of «direct» sowing. As a result, during the research period, the highest yield of sunflower was obtained for the introduction of N150 P110 K180 against the background of classical soil cultivation – 3,94 tons/ha. The variance analysis confirmed the significant influence of mineral fertilizers and methods of basic soil cultivation on the formation of sunflower seed yield. Optimization of the methods of basic tillage and fertilization significantly influenced the quality of sunflower seeds. The highest content of oil in the seed was in the variant without fertilizers for «zero» cultivation of soil. Output of oil per unit area was directly proportional to the level of crop yield. A higher oil yield per 1 hectare of crop (1,77 tons/ha) was obtained in a variant with a maximum dose of mineral fertilizers N150 P110 K180 on the background of classical soil cultivation. Under conditions of energy saving, it is expedient to have small and zero tillage.

scholarly journals Bioproductive сapacity of typical chernozem in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under favorable humid conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Tararico ◽  
R. V. Saidak ◽  
R. V. Olepir ◽  
Yu. V. Soroka ◽  
S. V. Vitvitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of modern climate change and the impact of weather conditions on the yield of main field crops when using different feeding systems and tillage. It was established that during 1991-2020 the average annual air temperature in the region increased by 1,1oC, and the annual precipitation decreased by 5%. Under such conditions, the frequency of recurrence of highly and moderately arid conditions of the growing season increased from 47% in 1961-1990 to 61% in 1991-2020, however the probability of forming a sufficient  moisture supply decreased by half. Based on the results of the Climate Water Balance (CWB) assessment, it was specified that in the western part of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe, according to average long-term data a negative WBC has been formed since June, and by the end of August its deficit reaches over 140 mm or 1,400 m3 / ha. In general, by the end of the period for 1991-2020, the deficit of WBC increased by 82 mm. Based on the information database made on the results of long-term stationary field experiment at Poltava Research Station of the Institute of Pig Farming and Agroindustrial Production of NAAS, the yield potential of main crops and the productivity of typical chernozem subject to the optimization of crop rotation and nutrient and water-air regimes, were evaluated. It was determined that optimization of crop rotations increases plant productivity by 19%, fertilizer systems - by 19-36%, irrigation - by 94%, irrigation and fertilization - by 130-153%, and a comprehensive combination of all agronomic measures - by 200% and more. It was also established that the total productivity of crop rotation under different systems of basic tillage remains virtually unchanged and enables to obtain average by year 3.6-3.8 t kd / ha against the background of natural soil fertility. From the organic fertilizer systems, the efficiency of using crop by-products as fertilizers is 10% higher than using manure and practically does not concede to organomineral fertilizer systems. As a result of research it was found that in the region in recent decades there is a tendency of deteriorating growing conditions of main field crops, which is reflected in the formation of low yields and poorer crop rotation productivity, significant variation of these factors in terms of weather, especially when having high soil fertility.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

Sequestration of carbon oxide in different fertilization systems in agrocenoses

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydenko ◽  
Yu. Zapasna ◽  
V. Velychko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Carbon Oxide ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Capacity Level ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Fertilization System ◽  
By Products

Aim. To substantiate the agroecological estimation of the performance of a short crop rotation in conditions of intense and organic system of fertilization on the basis of restoring normative parameters of emission and se- questration of С-СО 2 circulation while using by-products as organic fertilizers in conditions of modern climatic system of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results of Investigations. The performance of short crop rotations is determined by the capacity of С-СО 2 balance. Strong inverse correla- tion was found between the capacity of N and the ratio between C and N in the agrocenosis, which demon- strated that enhancing the humifi cation processes (ratio constriction) led to the increase in the capacity of С org balance and the decrease in the capacity level of С-СО 2 balance (enhancing mineralization), related to the reduction in the performance of crops in the agrocenosis of a crop rotation compared to the organic system of fertilization. The capacity of С-СО 2 and С org balance correlates at the medium level of inverse direction, and the yield of the main products, feed units and digestible protein correlates at the level of strong direct correlation. Conclusions. General mineralization of by-products and humus in the agrocenosis and humifi cation processes are antagonists, so extending the ratio between С and N at the intense fertilization system stimulates the in- crease in performance and reducing С to N similar to the organic fertilization system enhances the humifi cation process due to binding of С org into humus and limits mineralization which leads to the reduction in agrocenosis performance at the organic fertilization system.

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