Drought tolerance and yield components of bread spring wheat collection samples in environments of Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Agronomic practices, such as planting date, seeding rate, and genotype, commonly influence hard red spring wheat (HRSW, Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) production. Determining the agronomic optimum seeding rate (AOSR) of newly developed hybrids is needed as they respond to seeding rates differently from inbred cultivars. The objectives of this research were to determine the AOSR of new HRSW hybrids, how seeding rate alters their various yield components, and whether hybrids offer increased end-use quality, compared to conventional cultivars. The performance of two cultivars (inbreds) and five hybrids was evaluated in nine North Dakota environments at five seeding rates in 2019−2020. Responses to seeding rate for yield and protein yield differed among the genotypes. The AOSR ranged from 3.60 to 5.19 million seeds ha−1 and 2.22 to 3.89 million seeds ha−1 for yield and protein yield, respectively. The average AOSR for yield for the hybrids was similar to that of conventional cultivars. However, the maximum protein yield of the hybrids was achieved at 0.50 million seeds ha−1 less than that of the cultivars tested. The yield component that explained the greatest proportion of differences in yield as seeding rates varied was kernels spike−1 (r = 0.17 to 0.43). The end-use quality of the hybrids tested was not superior to that of the conventional cultivars, indicating that yield will likely be the determinant of the economic feasibility of any future released hybrids.

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Development of Soil-Borne Infections in Spring Wheat and Barley as Influenced by Hydrothermal Stress in the Forest-Steppe Conditions of Western Siberia and the Urals

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s1068367418030163 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 241-244 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Yu. Toropova ◽

A. P. Glinushkin ◽

M. P. Selyuk ◽

O. A. Kazakova ◽

A. V. Ovsyankina

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

The Urals

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Taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe

АгроЭкоИнфо ◽

10.51419/20212222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (44) ◽

pp. 22-22

Author(s):

Alexander Saakian ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Root ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Root Infection ◽

Fusarium Spp

The taxonomic composition and incidence of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots of soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L. of nine varieties of Siberian origin (Altayskaya 70, Altayskaya 75, Krasnoyarskaya 12, Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 16, Novosibirskaya 29, Novosibirskaya 31, Novosibirskaya 41 and Svirel) cultivated using wheat and fallow as a predecessor, was studied in the area of Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe. Average incidence of fungal root infection was 24%. In plants grown using wheat as a predecessor, the incidence was statistically significantly (p <0.05) higher than in plants grown using fallow as a predecessor (27.3 versus 20.6%). Statistically significant (p <0.05) differences in the prevalence of root infection were revealed between cultivars. The maximal prevalence (33.3 and 32.3%, respectively) on average for the wheat predecessor and fallow was found for the varieties Svirel and Altayskaya 75, the minimal (16.7%) for the varieties Novosibirskaya 16 and Altayskaya 70. The complex of phytopathogenic fungi on the roots is represented by Fusarium spp., Bipolaris sorokiniana and Alternaria spp. (31.4, 44.9 and 23.7% of the pathogenic complex on average for varieties and variants, respectively). The composition of pathogens statistically significantly (p <0.01) depends on the predecessor. In the plants cultivated using wheat as a predecessor, the proportion of Alternaria spp. was higher whereas proportions of Fusarium spp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana were lower. No differences in prevalence and taxonomic composition of root infection between varieties originated from Novosibirsk territory, Krasnoyarsk territory and Altay territory were found. Keywords: SPRING WHEAT, ROOT ROT, KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY, FUSARIUM SPP., BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA, ALTERNARIA SPP

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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FIELD CROP ROTATION IN OPTIMIZATION OF OF SOWING AREAS STRUCTURE

Vestnik of Kazan state agrarin university ◽

10.12737/article_5a5f05dc679404.30714646 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

Валерий Чибис ◽

Valeriy Chibis ◽

Светлана Чибис ◽

Svetlana Chibis ◽

Илья Кутышев ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Rotation ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Humus Content ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Field Crop ◽

Oil Crops

In a long-term places, located on the experimental fields of Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk), the schemes of field crop rotations were modernized by introducing oil crops (rapeseed, soybean) into rotation and replacing the repeated wheat crops with barley and oats. Accounting of grain crops productivity and accompanying observations were carried out in three field rotations of different lengths of rotation (four- and five-field) and on permanent sowing. The repetition of the experiments is fourfold. The system of agrotechnical measures recommended for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia was applied. The study of predecessors in the cultivation of crops for various purposes was carried out in field experiments using conventional methods. The humus content for rotation in the soil layer of 0-40 cm increased by 0.19% in the crop rotation “rapeseed - wheat spring wheat - barley - soybean - spring wheat”. The largest accumulation of humus (0.83%) was in the rotation “soybean - spring wheat - barley – oats”. During the years of research wheat productivity varied from 0.82 to 2.22 tons per hectare. Wheat was the first crop in all its predecessors to form grains, on average, by 0.3-0.5 tons per hectare, than the second crop. The yield of soybeans in the crop rotation was 1.23-1.78 tons per hectare. The productivity of rapeseed was low, its productivity over the years was 1.31 tons per hectare. Grain-fodder crops (barley, oats) averaged 0.4-0.6 tons per hectare, higher than the spring wheat productivity in the alternating rotation. The maximum yield of grain from a hectare of arable land was noted in the crop-steam rotation and amounted to 1.7 tons. An increase in the yield of feed-protein units was observed in crop rotations saturated with oil crops (rapeseed and soybean) and amounted to 3.4-4.0 tons per hectare. The economic calculation showed that the cultivation of field crops in the rotational crop rotation of “soybean - wheat - barley – oats” increased profitability by 44%, net income - by half, in comparison with the control variant. The obtained materials can be used to develop schemes of field crop rotations for the zone of the forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

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Change the condition of spring wheat when adding bacterial-humic preparation to herbicides

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2021-60-3-37-46 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 37-46

Author(s):

L. N. Korobova ◽

T. A. Kizimova ◽

A. A. Pobelenskaya ◽

T. G. Lomova

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Northern Forest ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Hexyl Ester ◽

Production Experiment ◽

Fusarium Sp

The authors studied the effect of the bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b containing the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a production experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region. The preparation was used on midearly spring wheat, which forms grain at the level of valuable wheat. The drug was used as an antistressant together with herbicides against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. The tank mixture used was metsulfuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl with the antidote cloquintoset-mexyl and 2-ethyl hexyl ester of 2,4-D with florasulam. The bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b is known to level out herbicide stress in wheat and improve plant health. It improves the condition of leaf cell membranes by preventing the escape of electrolytes from the cells. On the roots of plants one month after applying the antistressant, the authors observed a 1.5-2 times reduction in the development and prevalence of root rot of fusarium-helminthosporiosis etiology. The authors also marked the most pronounced phytosanitary effect of the preparation’s bacteria, which are antagonists of phytopatho- gens for plants’ primary roots and epicotyl. An increase in plant productivity manifests the anti-stress and growth-stimulating effect of AFG-b. During the growing season of 2020, the bio preparation combined with herbicides provided a reliable increase of 40.2% of the grain of spring wheat and improved its quality by enhancing the protein and gluten content. Under 2019 conditions, AFG-b increased grain yield relative to herbicides by about 8% and did not affect grain quality. Application of AFG-b as an anti-stressant is not accompanied by improvement of seed quality of the new crop. It does not improve its phytosanitary status in infestation by phytopathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Alternaria, Stagonospora nodorum, Penicillium and Aspergillus relative to herbicides alone.

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Root rot in new cultivars of spring wheat depending on sowing dates

Siberian Herald of Agricultural Science ◽

10.26898/0370-8799-2020-2-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

A. A. Razina ◽

F. S. Sultanov ◽

О. G. Dyatlova

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Root Rot ◽

Control Level ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

New Cultivars

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.

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The influence of mineral fertilizers on the mass of plant-root residues of grain crops on chernozem soils of the Western Siberia

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20213603007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 03007

Author(s):

D.V. Eremina

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Plant Root ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Soil Science ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Chernozem Soils

The influence of various levels of mineral nutrition on the accumulation of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is studied. The natural agricultural background of leached chernozem was taken as a control. The research was carried out at the station of the Department of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. In the experiment, various doses of mineral fertilizers were used, ensuring the yield of grain crops from 3.0 to 6.0 t/ha. It was found that the mass of plant-root residues of spring wheat and oats has no significant differences and depends on the level of mineral nutrition. On the natural agricultural background, the mass of plant-root residues is 3.24-3.88 t/ha. Fertilization increases the yield of grain crops to 6.0 t/ha, and also increases the amount of plant-root residues: spring wheat - 4.47; oats – 6.04 t/ha. Increasing the doses of mineral fertilizers reduces the ratio of yield to the mass of plant-root residues from 1:1.6 to 1:1.10 units. It was found that almost half of the root system of spring wheat and oats is located in a layer of 0-10 cm, while the share of roots in a layer of 30-40 cm accounts for no more than 16% of the mass.

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YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT IN RELATION TO LEVEL OF INFESTATION BY GREENBUGS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent12661-1 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 126 (1) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

R.W. Kieckhefer ◽

N.C. Elliott ◽

W.E. Riedell ◽

B.W. Fuller

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Linear Regression ◽

South Dakota ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Schizaphis Graminum ◽

Boot Stage ◽

Steady Decrease ◽

Number Of Seeds

AbstractThe effect of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), infestations on yield components of early- and late-planted spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., were measured in 2 successive years in eastern South Dakota. Greenbug populations in plots generally increased rapidly and peaked when wheat plants were in boot stage. Populations then began a steady decrease until anthesis, at which time they were near zero. The number of seeds per spikelet and the number of spikelets per square metre were consistently significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days, whereas average seed weight was significantly negatively correlated with aphid-days for only one planting. A linear regression model that included different intercepts for each spring wheat planting and a common slope relating yield to greenbug feeding days (aphid-days) provided a good fit to the data. Based on the model, a loss of 41 kg of grain per hectare is expected for each 100 aphid-days that accumulate per tiller.

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