scholarly journals Peran Ahli Hukum dalam Persidangan Mahkamah Konstitusi

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 740
Author(s):  
Bisariyadi Bisariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Expert’S Opinion

Mahkamah Konstitusi kerap membuka persidangan dengan agenda mendengar keterangan ahli hukum sebagai bagian dari pembuktian. Hal ini menjadi sebuah kelaziman yang dipraktekkan tanpa adanya kritisi. Keberadaan ahli hukum dalam sebuah forum yang dipimpin oleh majelis hakim yang dianggap memenuhi persyaratan akan penguasaan isu konstitusi dan ketatanegaraan, secara tersirat, berarti mempertanyakan kualifikasi dari hakim konstitusi itu sendiri. Tulisan ini bermaksud mencari tahu mengapa praktek mendengar keterangan ahli hukum dalam persidangan Mahkamah Konstitusi dilakukan. Selain itu, tulisan ini juga bermaksud untuk memberi masukan dalam hukum acara agar peran ahli hukum yang didengar keterangannya tidak memasuki ranah wewenang majelis hakim dalam menafsirkan konstitusi. Dalam rangka mencapai tujuan penulisan, pembahasan dalam tulisan ini dibagi dalam empat bagian yaitu (i) mengidentifikasi kriteria siapa yang disebut sebagai ahli; (ii) melihat kedudukan keterangan ahli sebagai alat bukti dan bagaimana majelis hakim menilai alat bukti tersebut; (iii) menelisik pengaruh keterangan ahli dalam pengambilan putusan oleh majelis hakim konstitusi dalam praktek selama ini, dan (iv) mengukur apakah keterangan ahli hukum masih dibutuhkan dalam proses persidangan di Mahkamah Konstitusi.      The Constitutional Court has often heard the opinion of legal experts as part of the examination of evidence. This is a common practice that was taken for granted. The very notion of having legal experts opinion in a forum led by judges who considered tohave  meet the qualification to be an experts in constitutional law is implicitly, means questioning the experties of the constitutional judges itselves. This paper intends to find out why the practice of hearing the legal experts opinion in the trial of the Constitutional Court still occurs. In addition, this paper also intends to provide input in the procedural law so that the role of legal experts does not enter the domain of the judges in interpreting the constitution. In order to achieve the objectives, the discussion in this paper is divided into four parts, (i) identifying the criteria of who is qualified as an expert; (ii) assess  the position of expert's opinion as evidence and how the panel of judges evaluate the evidence; (iii) examine the influence of expert opinion in decision making, and (iv) measure whether legal experts opinion is still necessary in the trial of the Constitutional Court.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
Alejandro Linares-Cantillo
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
The Republic

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the twenty essays compiled for the XIII conference of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Colombia, which was held in Bogota in January of 2019. The collection is divided into three thematic parts which illustrate five subjects at the spotlight of comparative constitutional law, in light of the growing circulation and intensification of the idea of constitutionalism. The first part examines the evolving and leading role of constitutional courts in constitutional democracies. The second part allows constitutional experiences speak for themselves and discusses tensions and debates in three topics: (A) the growing trend to judicially enforce 'constitutional unamendability' under the doctrine of 'unconstitutional constitutional amendments'; (B) the idea of 'transformative constitutionalism' in the area of social rights enforcement; and (C) the models of transitional justice and their implementation in the Colombian case. Finally, the third part analyses vertical and horizontal movements of constitutional law doctrines and decisions.

4. Public Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-127
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Fisher ◽  
Bettina Lange ◽  
Eloise Scotford
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Public Decision

This chapter explains the important role that public law, particularly administrative law, plays in environmental law. This role comes about because much of environmental law requires vesting decision-making and regulatory power in the hands of public decision-makers at all levels of government. This chapter begins by providing an overview of the different constituent elements of public law: constitutional law, administrative law, the role of the EU and international law, as well the complexities of this area of law. The chapter then moves on to consider the way in which the different types of interests involved in environmental problems and the need for information and expertise provide challenges for public law. The chapter then provides an overview of four major features of public law that are particularly relevant to environmental lawyers: the Aarhus Convention, accountability mechanisms, judicial review, and human rights.

scholarly journals Perang Ekuador dan Peru Tahun 1995

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Ahmad Daniel Kusumah Anshary
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Democratic Peace ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Democratic Peace Theory ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Democratic Norms

This study tries to explain the reasons why Peru and Ecuador went to war with each other in 1995, even though both are democracies. The research was conducted concerning Immanuel Kant's Democratic Peace Theory by examining norms and institutions as essential factors in developing his theory. This study uses qualitative research with literature review and interview methods. The study will focus on the conditions of norms and institutions in Peru and Ecuador in 1995, the year the two countries decided to go to war with each other. Based on the research results, it is known that democratic norms and institutions owned by Ecuador and Peru have not been able to create peace as has been assumed by Immanuel Kant in the Democratic Peace Theory. Although Ecuador has democratic institutions that can reduce the authority of its leaders in decision-making, the domestic democratic norms established in the 1830 Constitutional Law cannot make the Ecuadorian people's support refer to peace in overcoming the Cenepa border conflict. On the contrary, in Peru, democratic norms that prefer to negotiate and make peace are not followed by the effectiveness of the role of democratic institutions that cannot limit President Fujimori's authority, who chooses to carry out attacks in border areas which then triggers a war.

scholarly journals O substancialismo jurídico na administração pública concretista de direitos fundamentais: a juridicidade administrativa como instrumento de justiça constitucional | Legal “substantialism” in public administration concretist of fundamental rights: The administrative legality as a constitutional instrument of Justice

KPGT_dlutz_1 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Sandro Lúcio Dezan ◽  
Ricarlos Almagro Vitoriano Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
Initial Line

Resumo: o presente texto tem por finalidade definir o papel da Administração Pública na interpretação e na aplicação do texto constitucional, no que respeita à concreção de direitos fundamentais em países de modernidade tardia, sob o amparo da tensão existente entre o que se denominou de procedimentalismo e de substancialismo jurídico. Busca-se, em linhas iniciais abordar os contornos da tendência de legitimação da função jurídica administrativa de caráter constitucional contramajoritário, a aferir uma nova e importante tarefa ao Estado-executivo, para além de sua comum concepção de “fiel executor da lei”, de modo a concluir que a justiça constitucional envolve a jurisdição (por meio do Poder Judiciário) e a juridicidade (por meio da Administração Pública). Sob essa última perspectiva, busca-se assinalar que a aplicação e concreção do direito também é tarefa da Administração Pública, no âmbito de sua função atípica decisional, ditada pelo próprio texto constitucional, legitimador e impositivo das ações valorativas substanciais no âmbito do Estado Democrático de Direito. Palavras-chave: Direito Constitucional. Direito Administrativo. Democracia. Princípio da juridicidade administrativa. Procedimentalismo. Substancialismo. Abstract: The purpose of this text is to define the role of the Public Administration in the interpretation and application of the constitutional text with regard to the realization of fundamental rights in countries of late modernity, under the protection of the tension between what was called “proceduralism” and “legal substantiality”. In an initial line, it seeks to address the contours of the tendency to legitimize the administrative-legal function of a countermajoritarian constitutional character, to assess a new and important task for the Executive State, in addition to its common conception of "faithful executor of the law". In order to conclude that constitutional justice involves jurisdiction (through the Judiciary) and “juridicialism” (through Public Administration). Under this latter perspective, this paper points out that the application and the scope of its atypical decision-making function, dictated by the constitutional text itself, legitimating and imposing substantial value actions within the Democratic State of Law. Keywords: Administrative Law. Constitutional Law. Democracy. Principle of administrative juridicialism. Proceduralism. Substantialism.

scholarly journals Komisja Kodyfikacyjna II RP: pozycja ustrojowa, struktura organizacyjna, podejmowanie decyzji

Prawo ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 328 ◽  
pp. 109-151
Author(s):  
Leonard Górnicki
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political System ◽  
State Institution ◽  
The Political ◽  
Organisational Structure ◽  
Central State ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

Codification Commission of the Second Polish Republic: position within the political system, organisational structure and decision-makingEstablished one hundred years ago, the Codification Commission of the Second Polish Republic initiated and prepared draft legislation dealing with private, criminal, substantive and procedural law as well as the judiciary and the legal profession. The Commission served as de facto legislator, that is lawmaker in the sociological sense, for it had a genuine impact on the content and form of legislative acts.In the article the author analyses the position of the Codification Commission of the Second Polish Republic within the legal system, on which opinions differ in the literature on the subject. He defends the thesis that is was a central state institution, the existence of which was not, however, coordinated with the political system of the Second Polish Republic. Next, he investigates the impact of the transformations of the organisational structure and decision-making methodology on the efficiency of the Commission’s codification process. He takes into account the management and administration of the Codification Commission, organisation of work in Departments, Sections Subsections, Subcommittees, role of the delegates of the Minister of Justice and delegates of ministries, finally — decision-making mechanisms, including adoption of drafts as well as work in the Sections Subsections and Subcommittees. The author concludes that the experiences of the Second Polish Republic’s Codification Commission, a central state institution of advisory nature, established for an indefinite period, demonstrate that the best solution is to entrust codification to a special, apolitical and expert codification commission, operating with a degree of independence, of internal autonomy. Within such a commission a more effective mode of operation is preparation of drafts by teams of several people and then consultation of these drafts by larger bodies.Die Kodifikationskommission der Zweiten Polnischen Republik: institutionelles System, organisatorische Struktur, EntscheidungenDie Kodifikationskommission der Zweiten Polnischen Republik, die vor hundert Jahren entstandt, hat Entwürfe von Rechtsakten aus dem Bereich des Privat- und Strafrechts des Sachen- und Verfahrensrechtes sowie betreffend die Struktur der Gerichte und der Anwaltschaft eingeleitet und vorbereitet. Sie war praktisch ein Gesetzgeber, also soziologisch gesehen ein Rechtgeber, denn sie hatte einen realen Einfluss auf den Inhalt der Rechtsakten und die Bestimmung ihrer formellen Gestalt.Der Autor analysiert zuerst den staatsrechtlichen Rahmen der Kodifikationskommission der Zweiten Polnischen Republik, der in der Fachliteratur verschieden gesehen wird. Er verteidigt die These, dass die Kommission eine zentrale staatliche Institution war, deren Bestehen mit dem strukturellen System der Zweiten Polnischen Republik jedoch nicht koordiniert war. Dann untersucht er den Einfluss der Umwandlungen der Organisationsstruktur und der Methodik der Entscheidungen auf die Effektivität des Prozesses der Kodifikation des Rechts durch die Kodifikationskommission. Er berücksichtigt also die Führungsorgane und die Verwaltung der Kodifikationskommission, die Organisation der Arbeit in den Abteilungen, Sektionen Untersektionen und Unterkommissionen, die Rolle der Abgeordneten des Justizministers und der Abgeordneten der Ministerien, und zum Schluss die Mechanismen der Entscheidungen, darunter die Beschließung der Entwürfe und die Arbeit in den Sektionen Untersektionen sowie in den Unterkommissionen.Der Autor kommt zum Schluss, dass die Erfahrungen der Kodifikationskommission der Zweiten Polnischen Republik, die eine für unbestimmte Zeit berufene, zentrale staatliche Organisation eines beratenden Charakters war, bewiesen haben, dass die beste Lösung wäre, eine speziell dazu berufene, apolitische Fachkodifikationskommission, die über gewisse Selbständigkeit und interne Autonomie verfügen würde, mit der Kodifikation des Rechts zu beauftragen. Im Rahmen einer solchen Kommission stellt eine Arbeitsgruppe, die aus ein paar Personen besteht, die Entwürfe zuerst vorbereitet und sie erst später breiteren Gremien zur Konsultation vorlegt, ein effektiveres Modell dar.

The Constitutional Court of Hungary

2020 ◽  
pp. 357-446
Author(s):  
László Sólyom
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Political System ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Legal Context

This chapter is an overview of the Hungarian Constitutional Court. It first discusses the origins, history, and development of the Constitutional Court. The chapter then turns to the organization of the Hungarian Constitutional Court and the legal context within which it functions. Thereafter, the role of the Constitutional Court within the Hungarian political system is explored. The chapter considers the relationships between the Constitutional Court and the parliament and government as well as the ordinary courts. Next, the chapter examines the ideals and accomplishments of the Constitutional Court concerning its political role and the doctrine of constitutional law. Lastly, the chapter evaluates the Constitutional Court's development at a historical milestone—the transformation of the Hungarian legal order on the basis of constitutional standards.

scholarly journals Encuesta: el método comparado en Derecho constitucional

2018 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Benito Aláez Corral ◽  
Francisco Balaguer Callejón ◽  
Raul Canosa Usera ◽  
María Jesús García Morales ◽  
Javier García Roca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Comparative Constitutional Law ◽  
Law Professors

En esta encuesta un grupo de Catedráticos de Derecho Constitucional contestan un conjunto de preguntas sobre el uso del método comparado en el derecho constitucional español, y sobre la influencia de modelos o referentes extranjeros durante el proceso constituyente, en la actividad legislativa y en la del Tribunal Constitucional, así como también algunas preguntas sobre los estudios de derecho constitucional comparado.In this academic survey a group of Constitutional Law Professors answer some questions about the role of the comparative method in the Spanish constitutional law, and the influence of foreign models in the constitutional process, the legislator and the Constitutional Court, as well as about the present situation of comparative constitutional law studies.

scholarly journals The Constitutional Court in the System of Public Authorities: A Doctrinal Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 326-334
Author(s):  
Elena V. Vinogradova ◽  
Ekaterina S. Ganicheva ◽  
Kasa Ilda ◽  
Badma V. Sangadzhiev ◽  
Natella A. Sinyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence

The article examines the place and role of the Constitutional Court in the system of public powers in the doctrinal understanding of the concept of human rights and constitutionalism. The Constitution of the Russian Federation establishes the basic constitutional and legal principles that are fundamental to substantive and procedural law. Judicial constitutional review, as the experience of European countries shows, is the most effective in protecting the Constitution. The principles of law applied to the doctrinal assessment of the place and role of the Constitutional Court in the system of public powers constitute a rather dynamic legal concept. The methodology is based on the legal system, public relations, and the political-state course, which, like all fundamental ideas, change, affect legal awareness and establish new requirements for legal regulation and the formation of an appropriate mechanism. The article concludes that the most important condition for the implementation of the prerogatives of the judiciary to administer justice in the consideration and resolution of specific cases, with emphasis on the study and evaluation of evidence. It is the evidence that serves as the basis of information for the court's findings in the case.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE CONCLUSION OF A COURT EXPERT AND THE WRITTEN EXPLANATION OF THE SPECIALIST: SIMILARITY AND DIFFERENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
M. Shcherbakovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Court Proceedings ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Court Expert

Reviewing the conclusions of forensic experts is regulated by the procedure developed by the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. The immediate purpose of the review is to establish the conformity of the study to the approved expert methods, to draw up an expert opinion on the procedural and departmental requirements. The ultimate goal of reviewing is to determine whether the conclusion form complies with the requirements of the law, the scientific validity of the expert opinion as a source of evidence, and the competence of a forensic expert. External reviewing is carried out in accordance with the plans of the Ministry of Justice for experts preparing to receive or confirm their qualifications. Internal peer review is carried out in expert institutions as ongoing quality control of examinations. Gross violations in expert studies have been identified, and organizational and procedural consequences are being drawn, which include sending a court notification about the inaccuracy of the examination. The use of reviews of expert conclusions in court proceedings as a source of evidence is unacceptable, since this document is not provided for by the procedural law, there are no guarantees of the independence and disinterest of the reviewer, reviews do not contain data on the actual circumstances of the dispute or offense. The purpose of providing reviews that are not compiled by the staff of expert institutions is to discredit the authority and professional reputation of forensic experts, leveling their conclusions. At the same time, there is an objective desire of the court to involve knowledgeable persons in the assessment of expert research. This is due to the fact that the parties and the court do not have special knowledge, which make it possible to assess the validity and reliability of the expert’s opinion. The procedural form for establishing these circumstances is to use the help of knowledgeable persons who may be involved as specialists to provide clarifications on issues within their competence. The specialist research the scientific and methodological side of expert examination. A written explanation of a specialist is a procedural document that is prescribed by law, but it does not have the status of a source of evidence. If the specialist provides an explanation that contains a negative response to the expert’s opinion, the judge must invite the expert and expert for interrogation to provide explanations. After hearing a specialist and expert, the court may come to the conclusion that the forensic examination was carried out correctly or, conversely, there are doubts about the reliability of the study and the grounds for appointing a new or repeated examination.

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