Investigation of the capabilities of the method of characteristic patterns for graphical presentation of large amounts of information

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 734-739
Author(s):  
I. V. Stepanyan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Information Signal ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Graphical Presentation

The author examines new challenges of ergonomics and occupational health, including unknown risks, issues of prevention, and ethics. The author also presents an overview of modern bioinformatics systems and visualization methods in bioinformatics. The researcher analyzed the health risks of human interaction with large volumes of textual information and advanced computational methods to prevent computer syndrome, including overstrain of the visual analyzer and pain in the back, neck, and hands. The study aims to analyze the representations of hereditary molecular genetic information in the form of graphic patterns available for visual perception, characterizing the initial data, and study the possibility of visualizing large amounts of data using the method of characteristic patterns. The author developed new methods of presenting large volumes of hereditary genetic information in bioinformatic systems. The basis of the method is information processing based on computer algorithms. The methods allow us to visually assess the differences in the genetic structure of various species of living organisms and identify the features of their nucleotide composition. The fixation of the internal ordering of the information signal in an individual graphical quasi-fractal structure is a characteristic feature of the methods considered. It makes it possible to expand the possibilities of visual-analytical thinking of a person when interacting with large amounts of information through bioinformatics tools.

scholarly journals Scaling and Visualization of Nucleotide Sequences

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Stepanyan ◽  
Abbakar M. Khussein
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Information ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Nucleotide Composition ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Fractal Clusters ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Orthogonal Coordinate Systems

Algorithms for scaling and visualization of nucleotide sequences developed in this study allow identifying relationships between the biochemical parameters of DNA and RNA molecules with scale invariance, fractal clusters, nonlinear ordering and symmetry and noise immunity of visual representations in orthogonal coordinate systems. The algorithms are capable of displaying structures of the nucleotide sequences of living organisms by visualizing them in spaces of various dimensions and scales. Approximately one hundred genes (protozoa, plants, fungi, animals, viruses) were analysed and examples of visualization of the nucleotide composition of genomes of various species have been presented. The developed method contributes to an in-depth understanding of the principles of genetic coding and simplifying the perception of genetic information due to the algorithmic interpretation of the basic properties of polynucleotide fragments with visualization of the final geometric structure of the genetic code.

A new slipper lobster of the genus Petrarctus Holthuis, 2002 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Scyllaridae) from Southwest coast of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4329 (5) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIEN-HUI YANG ◽  
APPUKUTTANNAIR BIJU KUMAR ◽  
TIN-YAM CHAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Abdominal Somite ◽  
A New Species

A new species of slipper lobster of the genus Petrarctus Holthuis, 2002 was discovered from southwestern India during a survey of deep sea crustaceans. The new species closely resembles P. veliger Holthuis, 2002 from the Andaman Sea and western Pacific but differs mainly in the color marking on abdominal somite I, having a relatively lower cardiac tooth but with better developed tubercles on the abdomen, as well as a differently shaped anterior part of the thoracic sternum. Molecular genetic analysis also confirms the distinct taxonomic status of the new species. To fix the identity of the type species of the genus, a neotype of P. rugosus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) was selected from a recently collected Indian specimen with color and genetic information. 

On the formation of combined forms of salmonellosis caused by different plasmid types of Salmonella enterica

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Yulia N. Nikitina ◽  
Alexey V. Rakov ◽  
Anatoly A. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Far East ◽  
Interspecific Interaction ◽  
Genetic Monitoring ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
The Far East

In the modern period, combined infections occupy an increasingly large niche in the structure of infectious pathology. In studies on this problem, various scientists, both in our country and abroad, consider such forms of the disease, which are mainly formed as a result of interspecific interaction in the human body of bacteria, viruses, viruses and bacteria. However, there is practically no information in the literature about whether it is possible to form combined forms of infections between microorganisms of the same species, but carrying different genetic information. This paper presents an analysis of the results of more than 20 years of microbiological molecular genetic monitoring of the Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of the Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology for the circulation of Salmonella in the regions of the Far East and Siberia. Studies have shown that one patient may have co-infection with different plasmid types of Salmonella. However, the risk of such combinations is relatively small. There is a certain pattern between the level of prevalence of certain plasmid types of Salmonella in the region and their possible combination in one patient. In addition, it was found that variants of superinfection that occur when the patient is in the hospital, due to infection with other plasmid types of Salmonella or other serovars of S. enterica, are not excluded. At the same time, in the process of repeated examinations of the patient in the hospital, it was found that salmonella may lose certain plasmids or, on the contrary, it may have new variants. The reasons for this phenomenon remain unclear.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the amphibians in the Volga, Don River basins and adjacent territories (Russia): research in 1996-2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ruchin ◽  
Oleg Artaev ◽  
Elvira Sharapova ◽  
Oleg Ermakov ◽  
Renat Zamaletdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Russian Plain ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Don River ◽  
Global Biodiversity ◽  
Single Standard ◽  
Living Organisms

Knowledge about the distribution of living organisms on Earth is very important for many areas of biological science and understanding of the surrounding world. However, much of the existing distributional data are scattered throughout a multitude of sources, such as taxonomic publications, checklists and natural history collections and often, bringing them together is difficult. A very successful attempt to solve this problem is the GBIF project, which allows a huge number of researchers to publish data in one place in a single standard. Our dataset represents a significant addition to the occurrences of amphibians in the Volga, Don riverine basins and adjacent territories. The dataset contains up-to-date information on amphibian occurrences in the Volga river basin and adjacent territories, located for the most part on the Russian plain of European Russia. The dataset is based on our own studies that were conducted in the years 1996-2020. The dataset consists of 5,030 incident records, all linked to geographical coordinates. A total of 13 amphibian species belonging to nine genera and six families have been registered within the studied territory, although the distribution of amphibian species in this region of Russia has not yet been fully studied. This is especially relevant with the spread of cryptic species that can only be identified using molecular genetic research methods. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users. The data can be used by researchers, as well as helping the authorities to manage their territory more efficiently. All occurrences are published in GBIF for the first time. Most of the data are stored in field diaries and we would like to make it available to everyone by adding it in the global biodiversity database (GBIF).

Polygenic Scores in Developmental Psychology: Invite Genetics In, Leave Biodeterminism Behind

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 389-411
Author(s):  
Laurel Raffington ◽  
Travis Mallard ◽  
K. Paige Harden
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Polygenic scores offer developmental psychologists new methods for integrating genetic information into research on how people change and develop across the life span. Indeed, polygenic scores have correlations with developmental outcomes that rival correlations with traditional developmental psychology variables, such as family income. Yet linking people's genetics with differences between them in socially valued developmental outcomes, such as educational attainment, has historically been used to justify acts of state-sponsored violence. In this review, we emphasize that an interdisciplinary understanding of the environmental and structural determinants of social inequality, in conjunction with a transactional developmental perspective on how people interact with their environments, is critical to interpreting associations between polygenic measures and phenotypes. While there is a risk of misuse, early applications of polygenic scores to developmental psychology have already provided novel findings that identify environmental mechanisms of life course processes that can be used to diagnose inequalities in social opportunity.

scholarly journals Molecular Replication

1985 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 199-200
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Orgel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Early Appearance ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The One ◽  
Molecular Replication

The replication of DNA is the process by means of which genetic information is passed from one generation to the next in all living organisms. It is widely believed that a similar process must have become important early in the development of life on the Earth, either before or at the same time as the evolution of protein synthesis. The evolution of any life-form based on familiar chemistry would seem to require the early appearance of some type of residue-by-residue replication, although it might be very different in detail from the one we know.

scholarly journals Biomolecules in fossil remains: Multidisciplinary approach to endurance

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Nielsen-Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bone Collagen ◽  
Amino Acid Racemization ◽  
Living Organisms

Svante Pääbo, a leading pioneer in the study of ancient DNA, eloquently described the recovery of genetic information from the fossil record as a 21st Century form of genetic time travel1. The advent of PCR made possible the amplification of small amounts of DNA from fossil samples and allowed the direct study of phylogenetics from extinct organisms. Prior to this development, phylogenetic relationships determined by genetic variation relied mostly upon sequences from living organisms. The concept of time travel, via the analysis of ancient biomolecules, can be broadened to encompass numerous types of biomolecular information recovered from ancient bones. For example, palaeodiets and palaeoclimates can be reconstructed from stable isotopes of bone collagen, and estimations of age are obtained from amino acid racemization rates.

scholarly journals Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Matthiopoulos ◽  
John Fieberg ◽  
Geert Aarts
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Spatiotemporal Scales ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms ◽  
Living Organisms

Ecologists develop species-habitat association (SHA) models to understand where species occur, why they are there and where else they might be. This knowledge can be used to designate protected areas, estimate anthropogenic impacts on living organisms and assess risks from invasive species or disease spill-over from wildlife to humans. Here, we describe the state of the art in SHA models, looking beyond the apparent correlations between the positions of organisms and their local environment. We highlight the importance of ecological mechanisms, synthesize diverse modelling frameworks and motivate the development of new analytical methods. Above all, we aim to be synthetic, bringing together several of the apparently disconnected pieces of ecological theory, taxonomy, spatiotemporal scales, and mathematical and statistical technique in our field. The first edition of this ebook reviews the ecology of species-habitat associations, the mechanistic interpretation of existing empirical models and their shared statistical foundations that can help us draw scientific insights from field data. It will be of interest to graduate students and professionals looking for an introduction to the ecological and statistical literature of SHAs, practitioners seeking to analyse their data on animal movements or species distributions and quantitative ecologists looking to contribute new methods addressing the limitations of the current incarnations of SHA models.

scholarly journals Development of eight-plex microsatellite PCR for parentage control in deer

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
A. Zsolnai ◽  
I. Lehoczky ◽  
A. Gyurmán ◽  
J. Nagy ◽  
L. Sugár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Routine Application ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Parentage Control

Abstract. Nine loci have been compiled into two multiplex microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sets (four and five loci) and used as a tool to determine the most probable hind for each calf. The two sets were suitable to combine them in an eight-plex reaction. The exclusion probabilities of the eight-plex reaction and the nine loci were 99.3 and 99.6 % respectively, which allows the routine application of eight loci in wildlife management – as a first attempt to use molecular genetic information for such a task and it eliminates multiple sample handling in consecutive PCRs. Two loci out of the nine were never been used in deer previously.

scholarly journals Lower risk but high risk

Hematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-434
Author(s):  
Amy E. DeZern
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Myelodysplastic Syndromes ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
International Prognostic Scoring System ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
Prognostic Scoring Systems

Abstract Risk stratification is crucial to the appropriate management of most cancers, but in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), for whom expected survival can vary from a few months to more than a decade, accurate disease prognostication is especially important. Currently, patients with MDS are often grouped into higher-risk (HR) vs lower-risk (LR) disease using clinical prognostic scoring systems, but these systems have limitations. Factors such as molecular genetic information or disease characteristics not captured in the International Prognostic Scoring System–Revised (IPSS-R) can alter risk stratification and identify a subset of patients with LR-MDS who actually behave more like those with HR-MDS. This review describes the current identification and management of patients with LR-MDS whose condition is likely to behave in a less favorable manner than predicted by the IPSS-R.

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