scholarly journals Energy Expenditure of Transfemoral Amputees Walking on a Horizontal and Tilted Treadmill Simulating Different Outdoor Walking Conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger-Marie Starholm ◽  
Terje Gjovaag ◽  
Anne Marit Mengshoel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Tilted Surface ◽  
Outdoor Walking ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
The Difference

Transfemoral amputees often report that walking on tilted pavements or on terrain with the prosthesis on the side of higher elevation is quite strenuous. This study investigates the energy expenditure of transfemoral amputees ( n = 8) on a motorized treadmill, simulating different strenuous outdoor walking conditions. Oxygen uptake at self-selected speed of gait was measured during walking at three different treadmill positions: (i) Horizontal treadmill, (ii) 3% tilt in the sagittal plane and (iii) 3% tilt in both the sagittal and frontal plane of the treadmill. The difference in median values of oxygen uptake between position (i) and (ii) was 4.3%, and 16.4% between position (ii) and (iii) ( p ≤ 0.05, for both comparisons). The subjects utilized about 50% of their VO2max when walking in position (i) and (ii), with an increase to about 60% of their VO2max when walking in position (iii). Transfemoral amputees use significantly more energy when walking on a moderately tilted surface in the frontal plane compared to walking with a tilt in the sagittal plane. This is probably because the prosthetic leg becomes functionally too long when the walking surface is tilted sideways, and the transfemoral amputees adopt a more energy consuming gait pattern.

scholarly journals Walking in Natural Environments as Geriatrician’s Recommendation for Fall Prevention: Preliminary Outcomes from the “Passiata Day” Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Battaglia ◽  
Valerio Giustino ◽  
Giuseppe Messina ◽  
Mariangela Faraone ◽  
Jessica Brusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Walking Program ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Outdoor Walking ◽  
Risk Of Falls

Background: The Geriatric Unit of the University of Palermo developed the “Passiata Day” model, a green exercise intervention consisting of a one-hour walk, once/week, in a city park. The purpose of this study was to assess body balance in older people who walked regularly compared to sedentary people. Methods: 106 older people (75 women and 31 men; mean age: 72.3 ± 8.2 years) without fall history were invited to participate voluntarily in this natural environment walking program. After six months, both the participants who had taken part regularly in the walk (i.e., the physical activity group (PAG; n = 72; 54 women and 18 men; mean age: 70.7 ± 7.2 years)), and who had not accepted to be included in the outdoor walking program (i.e., the sedentary group (SG; n = 34; 21 women and 13 men; mean age: 75.5 ± 9.4 years)), performed a stabilometric test with open eyes (OE) and with closed eyes (CE). Results: Our preliminary results showed significant differences between groups on the ellipse sway area both in the OE (p < 0.05) and in CE condition (p < 0.01). Moreover, we found a significant difference on sway along the frontal plane both in the OE (p < 0.05) and in the CE condition (p < 0.01), and on sway along the sagittal plane for the test with CE (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on our preliminary findings, we suggest that walking regularly in an outdoor setting could lead to a greater body balance in older people and could be recommended by geriatricians for preventing the risk of falls. The next step will be to investigate the effect of an experimental outdoor walking program structured in terms of intensity, frequency and volume.

Symmetry function as a new tool for evaluating the symmetry of gait in transfemoral amputees

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slawomir Winiarski ◽  
Alicja Rutkowska-Kucharska ◽  
Mateusz Kowal
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Symmetry Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
And Shifts

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated significant asymmetries in unilateral amputee gait. The underlying dissimilarities between prosthetic and intact limbs have not yet been widely examined. To gain more insight into the functionality of asymmetries, we propose a new tool, the symmetry function (SF), to evaluate the symmetry of walking in terms of kinematic and dynamic variables of patients after unilateral transfemoral amputation and to identify areas with the largest side deviations in the movement cycle. Methods: An instrumented motion analysis system was used to register the gait of fourteen patients after unilateral trans-femoral amputation (TFA). Measurements involved evaluating the time series of gait variables characterizing a range of motion and the time series of the ground reaction force components. Comparison of the involved limb with the uninvolved limb in TFA patients was carried out on the basis of the SF values.Results: The symmetry function proved to be an excellent tool to localize the regions of asymmetry and their positive or negative directions in the full gait cycle. The difference between sides revealed by the symmetry function was the highest for the pelvis and the hip. In the sagittal plane, the pelvis was asymmetrically tilted, reaching the highest SF value of more than 25% at 60% cycle time. In the transverse plane, the pelvis was even more asymmetrically positioned throughout the entire gait cycle (50% difference on average). The hip in the frontal plane reached a 60% difference in SF throughout the single support phase for the prosthetic and then for the intact limb. Conclusions: The symmetry function allows for the detection of gait asymmetries and shifts in the center of gravity and may assess the precise in time adaptation of prostheses and rehabilitation monitoring, especially in unilateral impairments.Trial registration: The trial registration number (TRN): 379991 issued by the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 07.05.2020 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Realtime assessment of foot orientation by Accelerometers and Gyroscopes

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 446-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Seel ◽  
David Graurock ◽  
Thomas Schauer
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Ferromagnetic Material ◽  
Optical Motion ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
Optical Motion Capture ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

AbstractFoot orientation can be assessed in realtime by means of a foot-mounted inertial sensor. We consider a method that uses only accelerometer and gyroscope readings to calculate the foot pitch and roll angle, i.e. the foot orientation angle in the sagittal and frontal plane, respectively. Since magnetometers are avoided completely, the method can be used indoors as well as in the proximity of ferromagnetic material and magnetic disturbances. Furthermore, we allow for almost arbitrary mounting orientation in the sense that we only assume one of the local IMU coordinate axes to lie in the sagittal plane of the foot. The method is validated with respect to a conventional optical motion capture system in trials with transfemoral amputees walking with shoes and healthy subjects walking barefoot, both at different velocities. Root mean square deviations of less than 4° are found in all scenarios, while values near 2° are found in slow shoe walking. This demonstrates that the proposed method is suitable for realtime application such as the control of FES-based gait neuroprostheses and active orthoses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Femoral and Tibial Alignments in Dogs: A Systematic Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1804
Author(s):  
Masoud Aghapour ◽  
Barbara Bockstahler ◽  
Britta Vidoni
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Orthopedic Diseases ◽  
Cranial Cruciate Ligament Disease

The assessment of limb conformations in veterinary orthopedics is a significant tool used to determine the quantitative degree of limb malalignments. As in human medicine, various studies have been undertaken in veterinary medicine to determine the values in different dog breeds and to determine the values in healthy and diseased dogs. The objectives of this systematic review were to evaluate the reported values in these articles separately, to compile the standard values, and to compare the values between dogs with and without various orthopedic diseases. All of the articles included in this systematic review were collected by screening the Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and Web of Science databases. The articles were evaluated according to the measured alignments, imaging methods, dog breeds, and the health status of the dogs. Each alignment was investigated separately, and the results are summarized. Twenty-nine studies were included in this systematic review. According to the studies, in the frontal plane, distal femoral alignments, as well as proximal and distal tibial alignments, corresponded to the severity of the medial patellar luxation. The difference between affected and non-affected dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease was limited to the proximal tibial alignments in the sagittal plane.

scholarly journals External Mechanical Work in Runners With Unilateral Transfemoral Amputation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroto Murata ◽  
Genki Hisano ◽  
Daisuke Ichimura ◽  
Hiroshi Takemura ◽  
Hiroaki Hobara
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mechanical Work ◽  
External Work ◽  
Transfemoral Amputees ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Carbon-fiber running-specific prostheses have enabled individuals with lower extremity amputation to run by providing a spring-like leg function in their affected limb. When individuals without amputation run at a constant speed on level ground, the net external mechanical work is zero at each step to maintain a symmetrical bouncing gait. Although the spring-like “bouncing step” using running-specific prostheses is considered a prerequisite for running, little is known about the underlying mechanisms for unilateral transfemoral amputees. The aim of this study was to investigate external mechanical work at different running speeds for unilateral transfemoral amputees wearing running-specific prostheses. Eight unilateral transfemoral amputees ran on a force-instrumented treadmill at a range of speeds (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of the average speed of their 100-m personal records). We calculated the mechanical energy of the body center of mass (COM) by conducting a time-integration of the ground reaction forces in the sagittal plane. Then, the net external mechanical work was calculated as the difference between the mechanical energy at the initial and end of the stance phase. We found that the net external work in the affected limb tended to be greater than that in the unaffected limb across the six running speeds. Moreover, the net external work of the affected limb was found to be positive, while that of the unaffected limb was negative across the range of speeds. These results suggest that the COM of unilateral transfemoral amputees would be accelerated in the affected limb’s step and decelerated in the unaffected limb’s step at each bouncing step across different constant speeds. Therefore, unilateral transfemoral amputees with passive prostheses maintain their bouncing steps using a limb-specific strategy during running.

scholarly journals Analysis of motor control strategy for frontal and sagittal planes of circular tracking movements using visual feedback noise from velocity change and depth information

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0241138
Author(s):  
Geonhui Lee ◽  
Woong Choi ◽  
Hanjin Jo ◽  
Wookhyun Park ◽  
Jaehyo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Circular Orbit ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Positional Error ◽  
The Difference

We aim to investigate a control strategy for the circular tracking movement in a three-dimensional (3D) space based on the accuracy of the visual information. After setting the circular orbits for the frontal and sagittal planes in the 3D virtual space, the subjects track a target moving at a constant velocity. The analysis is applied to two parameters of the polar coordinates, namely, ΔR (the difference in the distance from the center of a circular orbit) and Δω (the difference in the angular velocity). The movement in the sagittal plane provides different depth information depending on the position of the target in orbit, unlike the task of the frontal plane. Therefore, the circular orbit is divided into four quadrants for a statistical analysis of ΔR. In the sagittal plane, the error was two to three times larger in quadrants 1 and 4 than in quadrants 2 and 3 close to the subject. Here, Δω is estimated using a frequency analysis; the lower the accuracy of the visual information, the greater the periodicity. When comparing two different planes, the periodicity in the sagittal plane was approximately 1.7 to 2 times larger than that of the frontal plane. In addition, the average angular velocity of the target and tracer was within 0.6% during a single cycle. We found that if the amount of visual information is reduced, an optimal feedback control strategy can be used to reduce the positional error within a specific area.

scholarly journals AN INNOVATIVE FOOT MODULE WITH EASILY ACCESSIBLE FRONTAL PLANE ADAPTATION ENHANCES THE LOCOMOTION ON UNEVEN GROUND

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Altenburg ◽  
Michael Ernst ◽  
Thomas Schmalz
Keyword(s):  
Oral Presentation ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Scientific Committee ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Movement Strategies ◽  
Outdoor Walking ◽  
Force Impact

INTRODUCTION Real-life outdoor walking of amputees is challenged by uneven ground. Uneven ground requires either a component adaptation in the sagittal plane or in frontal plane or both. The lack of adaptability of prosthetic components requires compensational movement strategies by the user. Common energy storing and returning (ESR) feet have some basic flexibility through the carbon structure allowing for some limited adaptation in both planes. For the frontal plane the split toe feature adds some functionality. However, even with split toe the ROM is clearly limited and needs high force impact for minor adaptations. Now there is a novel foot module allowing for 10° inversion/eversion through a dedicated joint. This study investigates the hypothesis that such a foot module with easily accessible frontal plane adaptation enhances the locomotion on uneven ground. Abstract PDF  Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/32029/24446 How to cite: Altenburg B, Ernst M, Schmalz T. AN INNOVATIVE FOOT MODULE WITH EASILY ACCESSIBLE FRONTAL PLANE ADAPTATION ENHANCES THE LOCOMOTION ON UNEVEN GROUND. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL, VOLUME 1, ISSUE 2, 2018; ABSTRACT, ORAL PRESENTATION AT THE AOPA’S 101ST NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, SEPT. 26-29, VANCOUVER, CANADA, 2018.  DOI: https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v1i2.32029 Abstracts were Peer-reviewed by the American Orthotic Prosthetic Association (AOPA) 101st National Assembly Scientific Committee.  http://www.aopanet.org/

Energy expenditure and oxygen uptake kinetics in critically ill elderly patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Ebihara ◽  
Kentaro Shimizu ◽  
Masahiro Ojima ◽  
Yohei Nakamura ◽  
Yumi Mitsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Uptake Kinetics

scholarly journals Using Biofeedback to Reduce Step Length Asymmetry Impairs Dynamic Balance in People Poststroke

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110193
Author(s):  
Sungwoo Park ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
Natalia Sánchez ◽  
Julie K. Tilson ◽  
Sara J. Mulroy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Functional Gait ◽  
Full Body

Background People poststroke often walk with a spatiotemporally asymmetric gait, due in part to sensorimotor impairments in the paretic lower extremity. Although reducing asymmetry is a common objective of rehabilitation, the effects of improving symmetry on balance are yet to be determined. Objective We established the concurrent validity of whole-body angular momentum as a measure of balance, and we determined if reducing step length asymmetry would improve balance by decreasing whole-body angular momentum. Methods We performed clinical balance assessments and measured whole-body angular momentum during walking using a full-body marker set in a sample of 36 people with chronic stroke. We then used a biofeedback-based approach to modify step length asymmetry in a subset of 15 of these individuals who had marked asymmetry and we measured the resulting changes in whole-body angular momentum. Results When participants walked without biofeedback, whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal and frontal plane was negatively correlated with scores on the Berg Balance Scale and Functional Gait Assessment supporting the validity of whole-body angular momentum as an objective measure of dynamic balance. We also observed that when participants walked more symmetrically, their whole-body angular momentum in the sagittal plane increased rather than decreased. Conclusions Voluntary reductions of step length asymmetry in people poststroke resulted in reduced measures of dynamic balance. This is consistent with the idea that after stroke, individuals might have an implicit preference not to deviate from their natural asymmetry while walking because it could compromise their balance. Clinical Trials Number: NCT03916562.

scholarly journals DOES BRAIN ACTIVATION DURING FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT TASKS DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD MOVERS? AN INTEGRATED NEUROIMAGING ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR CONTROL IN YOUNG ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7_suppl3) ◽  
pp. 2325967121S0013
Author(s):  
Manish Anand ◽  
Jed A. Diekfuss ◽  
Dustin R. Grooms ◽  
Alexis B. Slutsky-Ganesh ◽  
Scott Bonnette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Timing Error ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Increased Activity

Background: Aberrant frontal and sagittal plane knee motor control biomechanics contribute to increased anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. Emergent data further indicates alterations in brain function may underlie ACL injury high risk biomechanics and primary injury. However, technical limitations have limited our ability to assess direct linkages between maladaptive biomechanics and brain function. Hypothesis/Purpose: (1) Increased frontal plane knee range of motion would associate with altered brain activity in regions important for sensorimotor control and (2) increased sagittal plane knee motor control timing error would associate with altered activity in sensorimotor control brain regions. Methods: Eighteen female high-school basketball and volleyball players (14.7 ± 1.4 years, 169.5 ± 7 cm, 65.8 ± 20.5 kg) underwent brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a bilateral, combined hip, knee, and ankle flexion/extension movements against resistance (i.e., leg press) Figure 1(a). The participants completed this task to a reference beat of 1.2 Hz during four movement blocks of 30 seconds each interleaved in between 5 rest blocks of 30 seconds each. Concurrent frontal and sagittal plane range of motion (ROM) kinematics were measured using an MRI-compatible single camera motion capture system. Results: Increased frontal plane ROM was associated with increased brain activity in one cluster extending over the occipital fusiform gyrus and lingual gyrus ( p = .003, z > 3.1). Increased sagittal plane motor control timing error was associated with increased brain activity in multiple clusters extending over the occipital cortex (lingual gyrus), frontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex ( p < .001, z > 3.1); see Figure 1 (b). Conclusion: The associations of increased knee frontal plane ROM and sagittal plane timing error with increased activity in regions that integrate visuospatial information may be indicative of an increased propensity for knee injury biomechanics that are, in part, driven by reduced spatial awareness and an inability to adequately control knee abduction motion. Increased activation in these regions during movement tasks may underlie an impaired ability to control movements (i.e., less neural efficiency), leading to compromised knee positions during more complex sports scenarios. Increased activity in regions important for cognition/attention associating with motor control timing error further indicates a neurologically inefficient motor control strategy. [Figure: see text]

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