scholarly journals Analysis of torso movement of trans-femoral amputees during level walking

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tazawa
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Symmetrical Pattern ◽  
Level Walking ◽  
Two Factors

The purpose of this study is to analyze the movement of unilateral trans-femoral amputees' gait and find patterns of compensated movement to accommodate the loss of locomotor power on one side. A 3-D analyzer system and force plate were used to measure 12 amputees. The main focus was to find characterized movement particularly of the upper body such as pelvis, shoulder and arms. It was Saunders et al. (1953), who said that the human body can be purposely divided into two subsystems in analyzing man's locomotion. This study, however is not to measure the level of function, but to evaluate the appearance of gait. Twelve markers were placed on the subjects, and two locations for measuring points were used to measure movement of the torso in three axis (X, Y, Z) without measuring the position of the centre of gravity. The two points were at shoulder level, and at pelvic level. Lissajou's figure was used to evaluate the movements at these two marks. The quality of the gait was determined through subjective evaluation by the author. Determination was made on two factors, one from observing the gait of the amputees and the other, patterns from their Lissajou's figure of two measuring points. Then they were categorized as good walker or “other”. Good walkers had results at shoulder level which were closer to the symmetrical Lissajou's figure of normal walkers. Yet the symmetrical pattern was not present at the pelvis level for the good walker.

The Evolution of the Colour Sense

1901 ◽  
Vol 47 (199) ◽  
pp. 678-679
Author(s):  
F. W. Edridge-Green
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Impulse ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Normal Distance ◽  
Colour Sense ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Colour Blindness ◽  
The Mind

All the facts which can be gathered from the study of museums or literature point to the conclusion that the sense of light was developed first, then the sense of colour. The tendency has been to regard colour-blindness as “chromic myopia;” but this is not correct unless there is a defective perception of light as well, as shown by the cases which I have recorded. A man may be able to see light of all colours at twice the normal distance, and yet be colour-blind. I specially wish to emphasise the fact that there is no definite relation between light and colour. When light falls upon the eye it sets up a nerve impulse, which is conveyed to the brain. In the impulse itself we have the physiological basis of light, and in the quality of the impulse the physiological basis of colour. My contention is that these two factors are perceived by two entirely different sets of cerebral cells, those devoted to the perception of colour being developed at a later period than those conveying to the mind the sensation of light. All the evidence which can be obtained shows that all objects were first seen as in a photograph, that is, in different degrees of black and white. In the evolution of the colour sense those waves which differ most physically, namely, red and violet, were first recognised as different, the remainder of the spectrum appearing grey. Homer's colour vision was of this class, which represents the degree just preceding total colour-blindness. I have recorded a case of this kind of a man who was colour-blind with one eye, and who was therefore able to tell me exactly how objects appeared with this eye. He said that the spectrum appeared nearly all grey, but with a tinge of red at one end and a tinge of violet at the other; he could see very much better with the colour-blind eye than with the other.

scholarly journals Subjective Evaluation of User Quality of Experience for Omnidirectional Video Streaming

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-421
Author(s):  
Štefica Mrvelj ◽  
Marko Matulin ◽  
Sergo Martirosov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Dynamic Scenes ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Subjective Testing ◽  
Perception Of Quality ◽  
The Impact

This paper reports on the results of subjective testing of user Quality of Experience (QoE) for omnidirectional video (ODV) streaming quality. The test was conducted among 20 test subjects who watched three ODVs using a Head Mounted Display (HMD) system. The length of the videos was between two and three minutes. The first video was used for training purposes and contained no quality degradations. The quality of the other two ODVs was degraded by manipulating the resolution or by introducing different frame drop patterns. While watching the pre-prepared videos the subjects indicated if they noticed the changes in the quality and then rated it. After watching each video, the subjects completed a separate questionnaire, which evaluated their level of enjoyment and discomfort with the video. The results showed that the degradation of both objective parameters (video resolution and frame rate) impacted the subjects’ perception of quality; however, the impact was somewhat alleviated in ODV which contained dynamic scenes and fast camera movements.

Team Usability Testing: Are two Heads Better than One?

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 1205-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Hackman ◽  
David W. Biers
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Verbal Protocol Analysis ◽  
Subjective Impression ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Single User ◽  
And Performance

The purpose of the study was to compare a team usability testing paradigm with that of the typical single user paradigm in terms of the quantity and quality of the user's verbalization (i.e. thinking out-loud) and performance. The study employed a three group design in which the type of usability paradigm (Single, Observer, Team) was manipulated. Users first learned to use an off-the-shelf database management package by means of a short tutorial and then engaged in six structured tasks. While engaging in the tasks, the users either thought-out-loud alone (Single condition), in the presence of an observer (Observer condition), or as participants of a team working on the tasks together (Team condition). Results indicated that there were no significant differences among the three conditions in terms of performance nor any extensive differences in their subjective evaluation of the software. However, users in the Team condition spent more total time verbalizing than those in the Single or Observer condition. More importantly, results of a verbal protocol analysis revealed that the Team spent more time making statements which had high value for designers than did the other two conditions (which did not differ from one another). When broken out by individual users in the Team, there were no significant differences between individual team members and users in the other two conditions in making high value comments. The results suggest that the Team paradigm may be more efficient in extracting high value information without any noticeable differences in performance or subjective impression of the software.

Sound quality evaluation for luxury refrigerator door closing sound

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845-1854
Author(s):  
Kanta Imamori ◽  
Atsuya Yoshiga ◽  
Junji Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Subjective Test ◽  
Two Factors

In this study, we carried out subjective evaluation tests employing 19 refrigerator door closing sounds to quantify the luxury feeling. By applying factor analysis to the subjective evaluation results, the sound quality of the refrigerator door closing sound was found to be expressed by the following two factors: overall loudness and the pitch of the sound. Subsequently, luxury feeling evaluation model was obtained through multiple regression analysis. As the result, the luxury feeling of the door closing sound was evaluated to be high when the sound was softer and had lower pitch. Then, we prepared several luxury door closing sounds according to the obtained evaluation model through a filter processing and conducted subjective evaluation tests again to verify the evaluation model. The result shows that the amplitude increased sound at low frequency band under 100 Hz, which was calculated to be high luxury by the evaluation model, was actually evaluated as the best among the presented sounds through the subjective test. And the luxury sound quality evaluation method was confirmed to be useful to quantify and estimate the sound quality of the refrigerator door closing sound.

scholarly journals The Influence of Level of Proficiency in the L2 and L3 on the Production of the L3 Spanish Apico-alveolar Sibilant

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Jolanta Sypiańska ◽  
Zuzanna Cal
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Spectral Moments ◽  
Third Language ◽  
Third Language Acquisition ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Different Levels

Current Third Language Acquisition research has traditionally focused on the L2 status (e.g. Hammarberg 2001, Bardel & Falk 2007) or linguistic proximity (e.g. Cenoz 2001, Westergaard, Mitrofanova, Mykhaylyk & Rodina 2016). Limited research has been conducted on the influence of the potentially significant factor of level of proficiency, and particularly where proficiency in both the L2 (Tremblay 2006, Woll 2016) and the L3 (Hammarberg 2001, Wrembel 2010) may be considered as a conditioning factor for the shape of the L3. The aim of the current study was thus to determine the influence of L2 and L3 level of proficiency (L2LoP and L3LoP) and the interaction of the two factors on the production of the L3 Spanish apico-alveolar sibilant in a group of L1 Polish, L2 English and L3 Spanish trilinguals who had different levels of overall proficiency in the two foreign languages. The parameters of the sibilant under analysis were spectral moments: centre of gravity (M1), standard deviation (M2), skewness (M3) and kurtosis (M4) in intervocalic position in two-syllable words with initial stress. The results point to the influential role of both L2LoP and L3LoP as well as their interaction on the production of the L3 Spanish sibilant. When the level of proficiency in one of the languages was low, it allowed the other language with a higher level of proficiency to exert influence on the values of the spectral moments in the L3 sibilant. This interplay of factors furthers the understanding of how levels of proficiency in the L2 and the L3 condition the developing L3.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF GREENHOUSE-GROWN BETZES BARLEY AS AFFECTED BY WATER AND FERTILIZERS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Dubetz ◽  
S. A. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Matric Suction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The yield of Betzes barley grown in a greenhouse on a Cavendish loamy sand increased as levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and soil moisture increased. Fifty pounds of nitrogen per acre increased yield at all levels of phosphorus and water, but heavier applications of nitrogen were effective only with high levels of the other two factors. Yield responses were due primarily to increased tillering. Protein content of the grain increased when the plants were subjected to a matric suction of 0.45 bar. Protein content also increased with each succeeding level of nitrogen up to 150 lb per acre. Fifty pounds of phosphorus reduced protein content but heavier applications had no further effect. The ratio of water used to grain produced was reduced with each additional level of each factor. In this experiment 50 lb of nitrogen and 150 lb of phosphorus provided optimum yield and acceptable protein content.

scholarly journals Studies on effect of liquid bio-fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on yield and quality of Sapota [Manilkara achras (Mill.) Foresberg.] Cv. Kallipatti

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (AAEBSSD) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
T. D. Bhongale ◽  
A.M. Bhosale ◽  
S. J. Syed
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors

The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors; these factors consist of four and three levels respectively, twelve treatment combination and three replications. Among the different treatment combinationthe treatment T10-N1B3 (125%NPK + Azotobacter + PSB ) application of Azotobacter and PSB with 125% dose of fertilizer reported that the highest number of fruits per tree (1415.62), Yield per tree (105.02 kg), yield per hectare (108.38), Weight of fruit (g)(86.50), TSS (%), Acidity (0.18), Reducing sugar (15.00%) and Non-reducing sugar (5.63%) of sapota were recorded highest with the application of 125% RDF+ Azotobacter (100ml) + PSB (100ml). The treatment N1B3 with application of 125% NPK combined with Azotobacter (100ml) and PSB (100ml) significant than the other treatments.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

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