scholarly journals Pengaruh Kebijakan Tarif Cukai Hasil tembakau dan Aktivitas Pengawasan Terhadap Peredaran Hasil Tembakau Ilegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Elmania Nur Azizah ◽  
Aditya Subur Purwana
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The increase in Tobacco Products Excise (CHT) which was set by the government through the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC) succeeded in reducing the production of tobacco products. However, based on smoking prevalence data in the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) issued by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, the reduction in smoking prevalence was lower than the decline in tobacco production. This raises the question of whether the condition is caused by the existence of tobacco products that are consumed by the community but are not legally marketed (illegal tobacco products) or other factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the CHT tariff policy and control activities in the form of market operations and enforcement against the circulation of illegal tobacco products. This study uses a panel data regression method-Fixed Effect Model. The results showed that the CHT rates, market operations, and enforcement have a significant and negative impact on the circulation of illegal tobacco products. Meanwhile, location as a control variable has a significant and positive effect. Keywords: Control Activities, Illegal Cigarette, Tobacco Excise Tariff Kenaikan tarif cukai hasil tembakau (CHT) yang ditetapkan pemerintah melalui Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) berhasil menurunkan produksi hasil tembakau. Namun, berdasarkan data prevalensi merokok dalam riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) yang dikeluarkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, penurunan prevalensi merokok lebih rendah dibanding penurunan produksi hasil tembakau. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh adanya produk hasil tembakau yang dikonsumsi masyarakat, tetapi tidak dipasarkan secara legal (hasil tembakau ilegal) atau karena faktor lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kebijakan tarif CHT dan aktivitas pengawasan berupa operasi pasar dan penindakan terhadap peredaran hasil tembakau ilegal. Penelitian ini menggunakan data survei hasil tembakau ilegal nasional tahun 2017-2019 dengan metode regresi data panel-fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tarif CHT, operasi pasar dan penindakan memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan negatif terhadap peredaran hasil tembakau ilegal. Sementara itu, lokasi sebagai variabel kontrol memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif. Kata Kunci: pengawasan HT, hasil tembakau ilegal, tarif CHT

scholarly journals Analysis on the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Dapeng Dong ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Guiyan Zhao ◽  
Yihui Qi
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Quantile Regression Method ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

Based on the panel data of 34 cities in Northeast China, this paper uses fixed-effect model and quantile regression method to empirically test the influencing factors of industrial structure upgrading. The results show that the government has led the upgrading of the industrial structure in Northeast China, economic growth and investment in fixed assets has inhibitory effect on industrial structure upgrade, the level of opening to the outside world, the financial sector development and the increase of human capital in the northeast has obvious role in promoting industrial structure upgrade. The quantile regression results show that the coefficient of each factor are basically consistent with the estimated results of ordinary panel fixed effect model, which further verifies the robustness of the research conclusions in this paper.

scholarly journals Managing Climate Change for Wheat Production: An Evidence from Southern Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Muhammad Haseeb Raza ◽  
Allah Bakhsh ◽  
Muhammad Kamran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Tube Wells ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The current research study was conducted to estimate the impact of climate change on wheat production by using panel data from 1998-2014.  For this purpose four districts were selected from southern Punjab, Pakistan. Panel model of fixed effect (FE) was estimated at region level for wheat productivity utilizing climatic and non-climatic variables based on season. The conclusion of the study showed that non-climatic, i.e. inputs, number of tractors, area under wheat, number of tube wells and fertilizer consumption in each district have significant impact on the wheat production. The fixed effect model results revealed that the increase in temperature has significance impact on the month of the November and January, while it showed negative impact in the month of April. The results also showed a non-linear relationship of precipitation for the months of April and November.

scholarly journals The Influence of Aging Population on Consumption Quantity in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Guixiong Xu ◽  
Xindong Zhao ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Influence Mechanism ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio

In this study, a fixed effect model is established to empirically examine the effect of population aging on consumption in China. Research analyzing the influence mechanism of population aging on consumption quantity has yet to determine the effect of population aging on consumption quantity under various conditions. Panel data from 31 provinces and cities in China were analyzed, with the old-age dependency ratio as the main control variable, and considering income, economic development level (GDP), and consumer price index. The samples are divided into nationwide, as well as eastern, central, and western regions, for modeling and discussion. The results show that population aging negatively affects consumption quantity. In response to the negative impact, we propose relevant policies and suggestions for enhancing consumption quantity.

scholarly journals Is External Debt a Boon or a Curse? Empirical Evidence from South Asian Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD REEHAN HAMEED ◽  
MAJID ALI ◽  
HAFSAH BATOOL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Short Run

Over the years, the South Asian countries were facing the dilemma of twin’s deficits because they had failed to generate sufficient revenues to finance their budget. Consequently, they were continuously relying on both domestic and external debt to bridge these deficits which had put a severe implication on their economic growth. Their financial position continued to deteriorate and undermined all the efforts of the governments made to stimulate economic growth. The governments in these countries failed to generate enough revenues through internal sources. Therefore, the deficits were normally fiancé through external sources. The paper examined whether the external debt was a blessing or course to the economic growth of South Asian countries i.e. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. For this purpose 30 years of panel data of these countries from 1990 to 2019 had been taken. Fixed effect model and Panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Approach had been applied to examine the short-run and long-run association among the variables. The natural log of GDP per capita was used as a proxy for economic growth. The other variables were external debt, initial GDP, foreign direct investment, trade openness, investment, and secondary school investment rate. The outcomes of the study indicated that that external debt had a negative impact on economic growth both in the short-run and long-run. This revealed that external debt had not been utilized effectively and productively. The study suggested that effort would be made to manage the external debt and reduced the twin's deficits to minimize the harmful impact of external debt on the economy. Keywords: South Asian, External Debt, ARDL, Fixed Effect Model, Economic Growth.

scholarly journals Examination of National Basketball Association (NBA) team values based on dynamic linear mixed models

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253179
Author(s):  
Efehan Ulas
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Pearson Correlation Test

In the last decade, NBA has grown into a billion-dollar industry where technology and advanced game plans play an essential role. Investors are interested in research examining the factors that can affect the team value. The aim of this research is to investigate the factors that affect the NBA team values. The value of a team can be influenced not only by performance-based variables, but also by macroeconomic indicators and demographic statistics. Data, analyzed in this study, contains of game statistics, economic variables and demographic statistics of the 30 teams in the NBA for the 2013–2020 seasons. Firstly, Pearson correlation test was implemented in order to identify the related variables. NBA teams’ characteristics and similarities were assessed with Machine Learning techniques (K-means and Hierarchical clustering). Secondly, Ordinary linear regression (OLS), fixed effect and random effect models were implemented in the statistical analyses. The models were compared based on Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Fixed effect model with one lag was found the most effective model and our model produced consistently good results with the R2 statistics of 0.974. In the final model, we found that the significant determinants of team value at the NBA team level are revenue, GDP, championship, population and key player. In contrast, the total number of turnovers has a negative impact on team value. These findings would be beneficial to coaches and managers to improve their strategies to increase their teams’ value.

scholarly journals Corporate governance, ownership structure and performance of manufacturing firms in Nigeria

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 696-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi B. Obembe ◽  
S.A. Adeleye Adebisi ◽  
Adeleye Olabanji Kelvin
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
And Performance

Recognizing the weakness in the use of the OLS model in the panel data analysis of corporate governance and firm performance, this study augmented the model with the use of fixed effect model for a sample of 76 listed non-financial firms in Nigeria. Moreover, the study accounted for the role of some vital control variables excluded by previous researchers from Nigeria. Our results suggest that findings based on OLS models could be misleading. Foreign ownership that was found to have a negative impact on firm performance was the only positive and significant variable in the fixed effect model. Ownership concentration was found to have a negative impact on performance using the ROA. Our study confirmed the expropriation hypothesis for Nigeria.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PRODUKSI MINYAK TERHADAP INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA DI NEGARA ANGGOTA OKI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Winalda Klarista Putri ◽  
Ilmiawan Auwalin
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Data Regression ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui terkait pengaruh volume produksi minyak, harga minyak dunia, PDB, inflasi, dan jumlah penduduk terhadap IPM di negara anggota OKI pada tahun 2008-2017. Regresi data panel dengan model fixed effect adalah metode yang digunakan untuk menyelidiki hubungan antara variabel bebas dan variabel terikat sebagian atau seluruhnya di waktu yang sama.. Hasil yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa volume produksi minyak dan harga minyak dunia berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap IPM. PDB menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap IPM. Sedangkan, inflasi dan jumlah penduduk berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap IPM. Hasil ini dapat menjadi informasi dan pertimbangan bagi pemerintah serta otoritas terkait dalam pengambilan kebijakan dalam memperbaiki dan meningkatkan pembangunan manusia pada  masing-masing Negara-negara anggota OKI. Kata Kunci: Produksi Minyak, Harga Minyak Dunia, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, Negara Anggota OKI. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to find out what impact of oil production volume , world oil price, GDP, inflation, and population. Panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model is the approach used (FEM) to investigate the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable in part or all at the same time. The findings show that oil production volume and world oil prices have a negative and signficant impact on HDI. GDP shows a positive and significant impact on HDI. Meanwhile, inflation and population have a positive and insignificant impact on HDI. These results can be used as information and considerations for the government and related authorities in policymaking in improving and increasing human development in each OIC member countries. Keywords: Oil Production, World Oil Price, Human Development Index, OIC Countries.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF POPULATION GROWTH AND TRADE OPENNESS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH OF THE OIC COUNTRIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Noor Syahro El Muharromy ◽  
Ilmiawan Auwalin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Government

ABSTRAKPertumbuhan ekonomi memegang peranan penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan pembangunan sebuah negara, oleh karena itu setiap negara selalu menetapkan target pertumbuhan ekonomi yang stabil dalam tujuan pembangunan. Dalam prosesnya pertumbuhan ekonomi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai factor yang dapat mendorong atau bahkan menghambat laju pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan penduduk, keterbukaan perdagangan, inflasi, nilai tukar dan investasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi 40 negara anggota Organisasi Kerjasama Islam (OKI) pada tahun 2005-2019 menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis regresi data panel fixed effect model dan menggunakan aplikasi Eviews 11dalam mengelola data penelitian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel pertumbuhan penduduk dan nilai tukar memiliki hubungan signifikan dan negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, sedangkan keterbukaan perdagangan dan investasi berpengaruh signifikan dan positif. Sedangkan investasi tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada pertumbuhan ekonomi di Negara OKI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini pemerintah dan pihak terkait diharapkan dapat mengendalikan tingkat pertumbuhan penduduknya serta mendorong sektor perdagangan internasional untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi mengingat tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan di Negara OKI masih dibawah potensinya.Kata Kunci: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Pertumbuhan Penduduk, Keterbukaan Perdagangan, Organisasi Kerjasama Islam. ABSTRACTEconomic growth plays an important role in determining the success of a country's development; therefore, each country always sets a target for stable economic growth in its development goals. In the process, economic growth is influenced by various factors that can encourage or even hinder the growth rate. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of population growth, trade openness, inflation, exchange rates and investment on the economic growth of 40 member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in 2005-2019 using a quantitative approach with a fixed effect model panel data regression analysis technique and using the Eviews application. 11 in managing research data. The results of this study indicate that the variables of population growth and exchange rates have a significant and negative relationship to economic growth, while trade openness and investment have a significant and positive effect. Meanwhile, investment has no significant effect on economic growth in the OIC Country. Based on the results of this study, the government and related parties are expected to control the rate of population growth and encourage the international trade sector to increase economic growth considering that the level of trade openness in the OIC is still below its potential.Keywords: Economic Growth, Population Growth, Trade Openness, Organization of Islamic Cooperation

ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS, RASIO PROFITABILITAS, RASIO SOLVABILITAS DAN RASIO PASAR TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG BERADA PADA INDEKS LQ45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dilawatil Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effect Model

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio likuiditas (CR), rasio profitabilitas (NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS), rasio solvabilitas (DER) dan rasio pasar (PER) terhadap harga saham (Y) pada perusahaan yang berada pada indeks LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan anggota emiten LQ45 periode Januari 2014 yang selama 5 tahun eksis dari Februari 2009 sampai Januari 2014. Metode sampel yang digunakan adalah purpose sampling (sampling bersyarat). Adapun jumlah sampel yang terpilih memenuhi syarat sebanyak 21 emiten dari 45 emiten. Teknis analisis data menggunakan Eviews 7.1 yaitu dengan metode cross sectional weight dengan pendekatan fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama maupun secara parsial variabel CR, NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS, DER, dan PER memiliki pengaruh terhadap harga saham. Namun variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham adalah NPM dan PER. Maka para investor dapat menilai kinerja perusahaan dengan melihat dari rasio keuangan dan melakukan penilaian terhadap harga saham sehingga dengan mudah dapat menentukan saham yang baik sebelum berinvestasi di BEI.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Totonchi ◽  
Ramazan Rezaei ◽  
Shokoofe Noori ◽  
Negar Azarpira ◽  
Pooneh Mokarram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Effect Model

Introduction: Several studies have assessed the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the exact association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of MetS. Methods: All accessible studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or / and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232 polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor and susceptibility to MetS published prior to February 2019 were systematically searched in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the strength of the association in five genetic models. Results: A total of 9 articles based on four gene variations, and comprising 3348 participants with 1779 metabolic syndrome patients were included. The overall results suggested a significant association between BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS susceptibility in recessive model (OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55-0.95, fixed effect model), allelic model (OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, fixed effect model), and bb vs BB (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.46-0.93, fixed effect). However, no significant association was identified between TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism, ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphism, and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism and MetS. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested an association between the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS. Indeed, BsmI (rs1544410) acts as a protective factor in the MetS. As a result, the VDR gene could be regarded as a promising pharmacological and physiological target in prevention or treatment of the MetS.

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