THE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM DEFLECTION AND CRACKING BEHAVIOR WITH ADDITIONAL FIBER STEEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Ananda ◽  
Agoes Soehardjono ◽  
Achfas Zacoeb ◽  
Gunawan Saroji
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Classic Theory

The classic theory mentions that the assessment of deflection and crack width should be taken to minimize those two behaviors. This research itself has the objective to examine whether the additional fiber steel and increased reinforcement ratio has any significant impact on the deflection and existing crack width. This test used the reinforced concrete beams with a size of 15 cm x 25 cm x 180 cm which placed on a simple pedestal. The test was done gradually in every 108 kg until the reinforced yield reached. The fiber increased from 0%, 1.57%, 3.14% and 4.71% while the performance rebar ratio increased from 2 # 10, 2 # 12, and 2 # 14. The result shows that additional 4.71% of maximum fiber decrease compressive strength and rupture modulus while the tensile strength increased. The additional fiber reached a maximum in 4.71% and the additional diameter of 10 mm, 12 mm, and 14 mm increased the deflections and crack width.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Rajutan Bambu Sebagai Tulangan Balok Beton

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Agostinho Francisco Pinto ◽  
Sri Murni Dewi ◽  
Devi Nurlinah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Maximum Capacity

Need for the use of reinforced concrete in housing construction will increase along with the rapid population growth. This increases the need for steel reinforcement as a major component. The increase in need for steel reinforcement will trigger a price increase so that it becomes expensive and scarce. Iron ore as a raw material for making steel reinforcement is a mineral that can not be renewed. Therefore, efforts to use alternatives to steel reinforcement in concrete. Bamboo has good mechanical properties and a high ratio between strength and weight. Bamboo has a tensile strength is high, between 100-400 MPa, nearly matching the tensile strength equivalent to steel reinforcement ½ to ¼ of iron ultimate voltage (Widjaja, 2001) and (Surjokusumo and Nugroho, 1993) showed similar results and by the Moriscos, 1996 that the tensile strength of bamboo can reach 1280 kg / cm2. Bamboo can be used as the material of reinforced concrete. This study aims to determine the capacity of the bending beam with reinforcement of bamboo, bamboo reinforced beam deflection capacity. This experiment is a concrete beam bending test. The results showed that bamboo reinforced concrete beam has a maximum capacity reached 56.61% of the maximum capacity of steel reinforced concrete.

scholarly journals Experiment and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Concrete Prefabricated Building Structure Beams

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingguang Fang ◽  
Yafei Xu ◽  
Renguo Gu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Building Structure ◽  
Foamed Concrete

AbstractRecent years have witnessed that the prefabricated concrete structure is in the widespread use of building structures. This structure, however, still has some weaknesses, such as excessive weight of components, high requirements for construction equipment, difficult alignment of nodes, and poor installation accuracy. In order to handle the problems mentioned above, the prefabricated component made of lightweight concrete is adopted. At the same time, this prefabricated component is beneficial to reducing the load of the building structure itself and improving the safety and economy of the building structure. Nevertheless, it is rarely found that the researches and applications of lightweight concrete for stressed members are conducted. In this context, this paper replaces ordinary coarse aggregate with lightweight ceramsite or foam based on the C60 concrete mix ratio so as to obtain a mix ratio of C40 lightweight concrete that meets the engineering standards. Besides, ceramsite concrete beams and foamed concrete beams are fabricated. Moreover, through three-point bending tests, this paper further explores the mechanical properties of lightweight concrete beams and plain concrete beams during normal use conditions. As demonstrated in the results, the mechanical properties of the foamed concrete beam are similar to those of the plain concrete beam. Compared to plain concrete beams, the density of foamed concrete beams was lower by 23.4%; moreover, the ductility and toughness of foamed concrete were higher by 13% and 3%, respectively. However, in comparison with the plain concrete beam, the mechanical properties of the ceramsite concrete beam have some differences, with relatively large dispersion and obvious brittle failure characteristics. Moreover, in consideration of the nonlinear deformation characteristics of reinforced concrete beams, the theoretical calculation value of beam deflection was given in this paper based on the assumption of flat section and the principle of virtual work. The theoretically calculated deflection values of ordinary concrete beams and foamed concrete beams are in good agreement with the experimental values under normal use conditions, verifying the rationality and effectiveness of the calculation method. The research results of this paper can be taken as a reference for similar engineering designs.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAKTILITAS BALOK BETON GRADASI DENGAN DISPARITAS MUTU BETON SERAT TEKAN DAN SERAT TARIK

BANGUNAN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
M. Mirza Abdillah Pratama ◽  
Ziana Nur Afdila ◽  
Karyadi Karyadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Failure Pattern ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Uniform Compression ◽  
Failure Patterns

Abstrak: Industri semen menyumbang hingga 8% dari seluruh emisi gas karbon dioksida secara global. Beton gradasi merupakan salah satu langkah untuk mereduksi penggunaan semen pada konstruksi sekaligus untuk mengoptimalkan karakteristik mekanik elemen struktur yang direncanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis capaian beban maksimum, defleksi, kekakuan, daktilitas, dan pola kegagalan dari balok beton gradasi dengan variasi mutu beton pada serat tekan dan serat tariknya. Balok Balok gradasi terbuat dari perpaduan antara 2 (dua) campuran mutu yang berbeda, yaitu 30-40 MPa, 30-50 MPa, dan 40-50 MPa. Pengujian lentur balok beton dilakukan pada umur 28 hari. Pola kegagalan pada balok beton gradasi pada masing-masing benda uji diamati dan dikomparasikan dengan balok beton kontrol. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa balok beton gradasi dengan mutu beton pada serat tarik yang seragam menghasilkan beban, kekakuan, dan daktilitas balok yang lebih tinggi seiring peningkatan mutu beton yang digunakan pada serat tekannya. Balok dengan mutu beton serat tekan seragam dan serat tarik yang berbeda memiliki nilai capaian beban, kekakuan, dan daktilitas balok yang semakin besar seiring peningkatan mutu beton pada bagian serat tarik balok. Lendutan balok yang dihasilkan masih memenuhi lendutan izin. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, balok beton gradasi dinyatakan memiliki kemampulayanan yang baik.Kata-kata kunci: Balok Beton Gradasi, Kekakuan, Daktilitas, Pola KegagalanAbstract: The cement industry accounts for up to 8% of all global carbon dioxide emissions. Graded concrete is one of the steps to reduce the use of cement in construction as well as to optimize the mechanical characteristics of the planned structural elements. This study aims to analyze the maximum load performance, deflection, stiffness, ductility, and failure patterns of graded concrete beams with variations in the quality of concrete in the compression fiber and tensile fiber. Gradation beams are made from a combination of 2 (two) different quality mixtures, namely 30-40 MPa, 30-50 MPa, and 40-50 MPa. The flexural testing of the concrete beams was carried out at the age of 28 days. The failure pattern of the graded concrete beams for each test object was observed and compared with the control concrete beams. The test results show that graded concrete blocks with uniform tensile strength of concrete produce higher beam loads, stiffness, and ductility as the quality of the concrete used in compression fibers increases. Beams with uniform compression fiber and different tensile fibers have higher load, stiffness, and ductility values as the concrete quality increases in the tensile fiber portion of the beam. The resulting beam deflection still meets the allowable deflection. Based on this, the graded concrete beam is declared to have good serviceability.Keywords: Graded Concrete Beam, Stiffness, Ductility, Failure Pattern

Study of Stiffness Calculation Method on Reinforced Concrete Beam Strengthened with CFRP

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 455-458
Author(s):  
Xue Han ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Chao Ge
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Sustained Load ◽  
Deformation Capacity ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Direct Reinforcement

The beam member should not only meet the requirement of carrying capacity but also has the ability to resist deformation. The calculation of beam deflection mainly boils down to the stiffness calculation in the existing calculation theory of deformation capacity. The flexural stiffness of concrete beams after strengthened with CFRP has been improved greatly. Direct reinforcement and sustained load reinforcement short-term stiffness calculation methods of CFRP reinforced concrete in normal service stage are derived in this article, which could be used for strengthening design.

Experimental Research on the Stiffness of CFRP Reinforced Concrete Beam

2013 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 436-439
Author(s):  
Xin Xu ◽  
Zheng Liu ◽  
Xue Han ◽  
Chao Ge
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beam ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Secondary Load ◽  
Strengthened Beam

This thesis analyses the destruction mode, the crack developing and beam deflection changes of 20 reinforced concrete beams including un-strengthened beam, direct strengthened beam and secondary load reinforced beam through tests and researches. The results show that using CFRP to strengthen the reinforced concrete beams will not only effectively increase the bearing capacity of the beam, but also inhibit the beam cracking and improve the flexural rigidity of the beam during normal use. In addition, the initial damage will have a certain impact on the stiffness of the strengthened beam.

High Resolution Specimen Area Imaged Under Negligible Field Aberrations

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 540-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yanaka ◽  
K. Shirota
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Image Space ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Leakage Flux ◽  
Specimen Area ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Aberration Theory

It is significant to note field aberrations (chromatic field aberration, coma, astigmatism and blurring due to curvature of field, defined by Glaser's aberration theory relative to the Blenden Freien System) of the objective lens in connection with the following three points of view; field aberrations increase as the resolution of the axial point improves by increasing the lens excitation (k2) and decreasing the half width value (d) of the axial lens field distribution; when one or all of the imaging lenses have axial imperfections such as beam deflection in image space by the asymmetrical magnetic leakage flux, the apparent axial point has field aberrations which prevent the theoretical resolution limit from being obtained.

Interfacing of a TEM/STEM System to a Computer

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
P. Hagemann
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Signal Beam ◽  
Automated Image Analysis ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
External Control ◽  
Computer Input ◽  
Instrument Control ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

The use of computers in the analytical electron microscopy today shows three different trends (1) automated image analysis with dedicated computer systems, (2) instrument control by microprocessors and (3) data acquisition and processing e.g. X-ray or EEL Spectroscopy.While image analysis in the T.E.M. usually needs a television chain to get a sequential transmission suitable as computer input, the STEM system already has this necessary facility. For the EM400T-STEM system therefore an interface was developed, that allows external control of the beam deflection in TEM as well as the control of the STEM probe and video signal/beam brightness on the STEM screen.The interface sends and receives analogue signals so that the transmission rate is determined by the convertors in the actual computer periphery.

Voltage-center COMA-free alignment for high-resolution Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
K. Ishizuka ◽  
K. Shirota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Main Magnetic Field ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Resolution Electron

In a conventional alignment for high-resolution electron microscopy, the specimen point imaged at the viewing-screen center is made dispersion-free against a voltage fluctuation by adjusting the incident beam direction using the beam deflector. For high-resolution works the voltage-center alignment is important, since this alignment reduces the chromatic aberration. On the other hand, the coma-free alignment is also indispensable for high-resolution electron microscopy. This is because even a small misalignment of the incident beam direction induces wave aberrations and affects the appearance of high resolution electron micrographs. Some alignment procedures which cancel out the coma by changing the incident beam direction have been proposed. Most recently, the effect of a three-fold astigmatism on the coma-free alignment has been revealed, and new algorithms of coma-free alignment have been proposed.However, the voltage-center and the coma-free alignments as well as the current-center alignment in general do not coincide to each other because of beam deflection due to a leakage field within the objective lens, even if the main magnetic-field of the objective lens is rotationally symmetric. Since all the proposed procedures for the coma-free alignment also use the same beam deflector above the objective lens that is used for the voltage-center alignment, the coma-free alignment is only attained at the sacrifice of the voltage-center alignment.

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