scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK DAN MOTIVASI BERPRESTASI TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Wahyullah Alannasir ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Math Learning ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Embedding Technique ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Ex Post Facto

Penelitian  ini  bertujuan  untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh yang signifikan antara: (1) pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa; (2) motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa, dan (3) pendekatan matematika realistik dan motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar. Penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian ex post facto. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa di SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar tahun 2018/2019. Tekni penyampelan yang digunakan adalah multistage random sampling sehingga diperoleh 149 siswa yang menjadi sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat pengaruh sebesar 3,12% antara pendekatan matematika realistik terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada siswa SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar; (2) terdapat pengaruh sebesar 41,6% antara motivasi berprestasi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada siswa SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar, dan (3) terdapat pengaruh sebesar 41,6% antara pendekatan matematika realistik dan motivasi berprestasi secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar matematika pada siswa SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar.ABSTRACTThis study aims to find out how much significant influence among (1) realistic mathematical approaches to students' math learning achievement; (2) motivation to excel in students' math learning achievements, and (3) realistic math approach and motivation to achieve math achievement of students of SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar. This research is a type of ex post facto research. The population in this study is all students at SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar in 2018/2019. The embedding technique used was multistage random sampling so that 149 students were sampled. Data collection techniques through questionnaires and documentation. Descriptive and inferential statistical data analysis techniques. The results showed that: (1) there was a 3.12% influence between realistic mathematical approaches to mathematics learning achievement in students of SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar; (2) There was a 41.6% influence between the motivation of achievement on the achievement of mathematics learning in students of SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar, and (3) there was an influence of 41.6% between realistic mathematical approaches and motivation to achieve together on the achievement of learning mathematics in students of SD Negeri daya 2 Makassar.

scholarly journals The Effect of Parenting Toward Students Mathematics Learning Achievement on Grade VII Students of SMPN 4 Sungguminasa

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ardani Samad ◽  
Mangindara Mangindara
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Parenting Groups ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
One Way Anova

This research is an Ex-post Facto research with a quantitative approach and a comparative causal research design. This study aims to determine whether there is a parenting effect toward students mathematics learning achievement on grade VII students of SMPN 4 Sungguminasa. The population used in this study were all students on grade VII of SMPN 4 Sungguminasa, there are 349 students. The sample in this study was 64 students. Sampling using a random sampling technique. Data collection used the questionnaire and documentation method. Before data analysis, first do testing of the analysis requirements includes the normality and homogeneity tests. The data analysis technique used to test the hypothesis is Analysis  Variant (ANOVA) with one way type (One Way Anova). The results showed that there was a parenting effect toward students mathematics learning achievement on grade VII students of SMPN 4 Sungguminasa. This is indicated by the value of Fcount (31.375)>Ftable (3.32) and the Sig value is 0.000 <0.05 which means that there are significant differences in mean of all parenting groups.

scholarly journals Mathematics Connection Ability and Students Mathematics Learning Achievement at Elementary School

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 00009
Author(s):  
Sabina Ndiung ◽  
Fransiskus Nendi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Mathematics Ability ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

The orientation of education nowadays should be in line with the fulfillment of 21st century demand which encourage learners to perform the originality of human resources quality. This research aims to know whether there is effect connection mathematics ability toward student’s mathematics learning achievement and to know the contribution of connection mathematics ability toward student’s mathematics learning achievement at the elementary school. Respondent in this research were 35 students at Watu Weri state elementary school. Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was applied in collecting sample. The research design was ex-post facto. Data were collected through test and documentation. Data were analyzed by linear regression. The research result shows that there was significant effect mathematics connection ability toward student’s mathematics learning achievement. The contribution of mathematics connection ability toward students mathematics learning achievement was 21,9% . This result indicates that high or law student’s mathematics learning achievement significantly affected by their mathematics connection ability.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MINAT BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 22 SINJAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Suci Auli Asri ◽  
Thamrin Tayeb ◽  
Mardiah Mardiah ◽  
St Ibrah Mustafa Kamal ◽  
Ida Suaidah
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Learning Interest

This study aims to determine: (1) a description of the students' interest in learning mathematics at SMPN 22 Sinjai, (2) a description of the motivation to learn mathematics of students at SMPN 22 Sinjai, (3) a description of the mathematics learning achievement of students of SMPN 22 Sinjai.The type of research used is quantitative with the ex post facto method. The sample in this study is the entire population, namely 60 students. The results showed that the students' interest in learning mathematics at SMPN 22 Sinjai was in the medium category. Students' motivation to learn mathematics is in the medium category. Students' mathematics learning achievement is in the medium category. There is a positive relationship between interest in learning and mathematics learning achievement of students at SMPN 22 Sinjai.. There is a positive relationship between learning motivation and student mathematics achievement. Learning interest and learning motivation simultaneously or collectively have a positive relationship to variable Y or learning achievement. That is, the higher the interest in learning and student motivation to learn together, the student achievement will increase, and vice versa.

scholarly journals Kontribusi Disposisi Matematis terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 3 Tambusai

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annajmi Annajmi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mathematical Work ◽  
P Value ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Class Viii

Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar kontribusi disposisi matematis terhadap prestasi belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ex post facto. Tahap pertama  dengan memberikan angket disposisi matematis kepada siswa serta mengumpulkan nilai prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Disposisi matematis dalam penelitian ini diukur dengan tujuh indikator, yaitu 1) percaya diri dalam menggunakan matematika, 2) fleksibel dalam melakukan kerja matematika (bermatematika), 3) gigih dan ulet dalam mengerjakan tugas-tugas matematika, 4) memiliki rasa ingin tahu dalam bermatematika, 5) melakukan refleksi terhadap cara berpikir dan kinerja pada diri sendiri dalam belajar matematika, 6) menghargai aplikasi matematika, dan 7) mengapresiasi peranan matematika/pendapat tentang matematika. Prestasi belajar matematika siswa diperoleh dari hasil ujian ulangan harian siswa tahun pelajaran 2016/2017. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis, sehingga hasil analisis regresi  diperoleh yaitu: persamaan regresi Y=3,06 + 0,76X ; rxy = 0,468 dan Fhit = 6,448 dengan p-value = 0,018 < 0,05 maka Ho ditolak. Hal ini berarti ada kontribusi positif disposisi matematis terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa.Koefisien determinasi sebesar 21,9% menunjukkan bahwa disposisi matematis memberikan kontribusi sebesar 21,9% sedangkan 78,1% dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor lainnya seperti kemampuan siswa dalam memahami materi pelajaran, minat, kecerdasan, kemampuan kognitif, guru dan sebagainya. Kata Kunci: disposisi matematis, prestasi belajar matematika   Contribution of Mathematical Disposition to Student’s Mathematics Achievement of Class VIII SMPN 3 Tambusai   Abstract his study aims to see how much the contribution of mathematical disposition to mathematics learning achievement. This type of research is an ex post facto research. The first stage provides mathematical disposition questionnaires to students as well as collecting students' mathematics learning achievement. The mathematical disposition in this study is measured by seven indicators, namely 1) confident in using mathematics, 2) flexible in doing mathematical work (math), 3) persistent and tenacious in doing mathematics tasks, 4) having a curiosity in math, 5) reflecting on the way of thinking and self-performance in learning mathematics, 6) appreciating the application of mathematics, and 7) appreciating the role of mathematics / opinion about mathematics. The achievement of student's mathematics learning is obtained from the result of daily exam of student of academic year 2016/2017. The data that have been collected is analyzed, so that the regression analysis results are obtained: regression equation Y = 3.06 + 0.76X; rxy = 0,468 and Fhit = 6,448 with p-value = 0,018 <0,05 then Ho is rejected. This means there is a positive contribution of mathematical disposition to student's mathematics learning achievement. The coefficient of determination of 21.9% indicates that mathematical disposition contributes 21.9% while 78.1% is influenced by several other factors such as students' ability to understand the subject matter, interest, intelligence, cognitive ability, teacher and so on. Keywords: mathematical disposition, mathematics learning achievement

scholarly journals PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK GENDER DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SD

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arif Hidayat ◽  
Siti Irene Astuti Dwiningrum
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
Class E

<p class="E-JOURNALTitle">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh karakteristik gender dan motivasi belajar, baik secara parsial maupun secara simultan, terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa kelas VI SD Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis <em>ex-post facto</em>. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas VI SD Negeri di Kabupaten Pekalongan sebanyak 12.056. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 393 siswa ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik <em>area sampling</em>. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen angket dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan regresi dengan variabel <em>dummy</em>, regresi sederhana, dan regresi berganda. Analisis dilakukan pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut. (1) Tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan (p &gt; 0,05) karakteristik gender terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa. (2) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan (p &lt; 0,05) motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa dengan kontribusi sebesar 44,6%. (3) Secara bersama-sama terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan (p&lt; 0,05) antara karakteristik gender dan motivasi belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa dengan kontribusi sebesar 44,8%.</p><p class="E-JOURNALAbstrakKeywords"><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: karakteristik gender, motivasi belajar, prestasi belajar matematika</p><p class="E-JOURNALTitleEnglish"> </p><p class="E-JOURNALTitleEnglish"><strong>THE EFFECTS OF GENDER CHARACTERISTICS AND LEARNING MOTIVATION ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL</strong></p><p class="E-JOURNALTitleEnglish"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="E-JOURNALAbstractBodyEnglish">This study aims to investigate the effects of gender characteristics and learning motivation separately and simultaneously on mathematics learning achievement of Elementary School Sixth Grade Students in Pekalongan District. This study used quantitative approach with the ex-post facto types. The population of this study was grade six students of public elementary schools in Pekalongan numbered 12,056. While the sample of 393 students was determined using the technique of sampling area. Data were collected using questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed using regression with dummy variables, simple regression, and multiple regression. The analyses were carried out at significance level of 5%. Research shows the following results. (1) There is no significant effect (p &gt; 0.05) of gender characteristics on students mathematics learning achievement. (2) There is a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) of learning motivation on students mathematics learning achievement with a contribution of 44.6%. (3) Simultaneously, there is a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) of gender characteristics and learning motivation on students mathematics learning achievement with a contribution of 44.8%.</p><strong>Keywords</strong>: gender characteristics, learning motivation, mathematics learning achievement

scholarly journals PENGARUH KETERLIBATAN ORANG TUA DALAM BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI PINTUKISI

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264
Author(s):  
Ayu Safitri ◽  
Din Azwar Uswatun ◽  
Dyah Lyesmaya
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Public Elementary School ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto

The purpose of this study is to describe the influence of parental involvement on learning achievement in the Pintukisi Public Elementary School in Sukabumi City. This research was conducted at the Pintukisi Public Elementary School in Sukabumi City. The method used in this research is quantitative method. The type of research used is ex post facto. Data collection techniques that researchers use in this study are observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The sampling technique used is the probability sampling type of random sampling and in this case there are 30 students and 30 parents. In this study, data analysis used is correlation statistical analysis, analysis prerequisite test, and final analysis or hypothesis testing. The results showed that there was an influence of parental involvement on learning achievement in Pintukisi Public Elementary School, Sukabumi City. The magnitude of the effect of parental involvement in learning on student achievement is high with an R coefficient of 0.731. The contribution of variable X to Y was 0.508 or 50.8% then the remaining 49.2% was determined by other factors.

scholarly journals Komparasi Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa Berdasarkan Gender

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ahmad ◽  
Ahmad Sehabuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Simple Effect ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Viii And Ix ◽  
Better Than

Abstrak: Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan prestasi  belajar matematika siswa  berdasarkan gender di MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan bentuk penelitian ex post facto, dimana data yang dianalisis adalah data prestasi siwa laki-laki dan perempuan yang sudah ada dan di dokumentasikan  oleh guru. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VII, VIII dan IX Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur semester genap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 yang berjumlah 49 orang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang dilakukan dengan Analisis variansi satu jalan dengan sel tak sama diperoleh nilai Fhitung = 2.2897 lebih besar dari Ftabel = 1.97, sehingga dapat di simpulkan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara prestasi belajar siswa berdasarkan gender di Madrasah Tsanawiyan Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji simple effect antar prestasi siswa laki-laki dan siswa perempuan untuk mengetahui manakah yang lebih baik antara prestasi siswa laki-laki ataukah siswa perempuan. Dari uji tersebut diperoleh nilai F hitung menunjukan perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu Fhitung = 2.5943 lebih besar dari Ftabel=1.97. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa perempuna lebih baik dari pada siswa laki-laki di MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Abstract: As regards to this research is aimed to know if there is differences in students mathematics learning achievement based on their gender in MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur around 2016/2017. This research approach is using quntitative research with eks post facto type, where the analysis data is the achievement of students boys and girls which is documented by teacher. The object of this research is all of students grade  VII, VIII, and IX in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs) Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur in second semester around  2016/2017 on 49 student. Based on data analysis output which done it with variansi analysis one way with another it given count value =2.2897 more than table =1.97,  it concluded that there are the significant differences among students learning achievement based on their  gender in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur. Afterwards, simple effect examination activity between boys and  girls student to know their better achievement from both of them. From that examination,  it given F value show the significant differences. The F value =2.5943 more than table=1.97.  In conclusion, it shows that learning girls student achievement is better than boys in MTs. Nurul Yaqin Kelanjur around 2016/2017.

scholarly journals PENGARUH IKLIM KELAS DAN KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Irmawaty Natsir ◽  
Anis Munfarikhatin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Structure Equation ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Class Climate ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
And Mathematics

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian ex-post facto yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara iklim kelas, kecerdasan interpersonal dan hasil belajar matematika. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Biringkanaya Kota Makassar sebanyak 2818 siswa dengan jumlah sampel 236 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan two-stage proporsional stratified random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan yakni: Skala iklim kelas, Skala kecerdasan interpersonal, dan Tes hasil belajar matematika. Data dianalisis dengan statistika deskriptif dan analisis SEM (Structure Equation Modelling). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Variabel iklim kelas berada dalam kategori “sedang”, variabel kecerdasan interpersonal berada dalam kategori “tinggi” dan variabel hasil belajar matematika berada dalam kategori “sedang”; (2) Terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara iklim kelas dengan kecerdasan interpersonal; (3) Iklim kelas secara langsung berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matematika dengan besar pengaruh 19%; (4) Kecerdasan interpersonal secara langsung berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar matematika  dengan besar pengaruh 25%.ABSTRACTThis research is an ex-post facto research that aims to understand the relationship between class climate, interpersonal intelligence and mathematics learning outcomes. The population in this study were all students of class VII State Junior High School in Biringkanaya District Makassar City as many as 2818 students with a sample of 236 students. The sampling technique in this study uses two-stage proportional stratified random sampling. The instruments used are: class sensitive scale, interpersonal intelligence scale, and mathematics learning achievement test. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and SEM (Structure Equation Modeling) analysis. The results showed that: (1) Class climate variables are in the "medium" category, interpersonal intelligence variables are in the "high" category and mathematics learning outcome variables are in the "medium" category; (2) There is a positive and significant relationship between class climate influence and interpersonal intelligence;(3) Class climate directly towards learning 19%; (4) Interpersonal intelligence directly directs positive towards mathematics learning outcomes with a large influence of 25%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Inteligensi Intrapersonal Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilam Permatasari Munir
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Affective Learning ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Intrapersonal Intelligence

The study aims to analyze the descriprition of intrapersonal intelligence toward learning result of mathematics. The study is an ex-post facto which casuality. The populations of the study were 520 grade XI IPA students of SMAN in Parepare of academic years 2013/2014 with as many as 221 samples. Technique used in selecting the samples was proporsional random sampling. The instrument used for the study were (1) scale of intrapersonal intelligence, (2) test of mathematics learning outcomes. The results of the study indicate that (1) intrapersonal intelligence directly give positif influence toward cognitive learning result of Mathematics (5) intrapersonal intelligence directly give positif influence toward affective learning result of Mathematics.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Maya Fitria Ningsih ◽  
Ketut Sarjana ◽  
Syahrul Azmi ◽  
Baidowi Baidowi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Learning Mathematics ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Mathematic Study

Purpose of this research is to know influence of learning independence on student mathematic study result in VIII grade in SMP Negeri 9 Mataram academic year 2020/2021. Types of research is Causal comparative Quantitative research or ex-post facto. The sample was selected using simple random sampling technique, obtained 39 students were taken 4 or 5 students from each class randomly spread over 8 classes in class VIII SMP Negeri 9 Mataram. Data collection in this study was carried out by providing a learning independence questionnaire in the research sample and documentation of mid-semester test scores obtained from mathematics subject teachers. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between learning independence and learning result, namely α = 0.610. With the other catalyst, the correlation was in the strong category. The amount of the contribution of learning independence to the mathematics learning result of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 9 Mataram academic year 2020/2021 is 37.20% and this is quite significant at the 0.05 significant level. This result can also be shown by the regression equation Y = 19.187 + 0.523X where Y is the learning independence and X is the result of learning mathematics.

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