Definitions and concepts of reproductive biology of diatoms (terminological glossary)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 71-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Davidovich
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Key Terms

The absence of a conceptual terminology, sufficiently developed and widely accepted in the Russian literature, significantly hinders progress in the field of reproductive biology of diatoms, restricts communication and debate, prevents training and transfer of knowledge. The present work is an attempt, based on world literature and our own research experience, to summarize, systematize, add, and clarify the existing terms, concepts and definitions related to research which are focused on sex and sexual reproduction in diatoms. A glossary of key terms (more than 200, including synonyms) is provided. Terms refer to diatom reproductive biology, life cycles, fertilization, mating system, gender (including inheritance and determination of sex, as well as inheritance associated with sex). Contradictions between possible interpretations of certain terms are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Structural, functional and computational studies of membrane recognition by Plasmodium Perforin-Like Proteins 1 and 2.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Williams ◽  
Xiulian Yu ◽  
Tao Ni ◽  
Robert Gilbert ◽  
Phillip Stansfeld
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
Membrane Binding ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Parasite Life Cycle ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Membrane Recognition

Perforin-like proteins (PLPs) play key roles in the mechanisms associated with parasitic disease caused by apicomplexans such as Plasmodium (malaria) and Toxoplasma. The T. gondii PLP1 (TgPLP1) mediates tachyzoite egress from cells, while the five Plasmodium PLPs carry out various roles in the life cycle of the parasite and with respect to the molecular basis of disease. Here we focus on Plasmodium vivax PLP1 and PLP2 (PvPLP1 and PvPLP2) compared to TgPLP1; PvPLP1 is important for invasion of mammalian hosts by the parasite and establishment of a chronic infection, PvPLP2 is important during the symptomatic blood stage of the parasite life cycle. Determination of the crystal structure of the membrane-binding APCβ domain of PvPLP1 reveals notable differences with that of TgPLP1, which are reflected in its inability to bind lipid bilayers in the way that TgPLP1 and PvPLP2 can be shown to. Molecular dynamics simulations combined with site-directed mutagenesis and functional assays allow a dissection of the binding interactions of TgPLP1 and PvPLP2 on lipid bilayers, and reveal a similar tropism for lipids found enriched in the inner leaflet of the mammalian plasma membrane. In addition to this shared mode of membrane binding PvPLP2 displays a secondary synergistic interaction side-on from its principal bilayer interface. This study underlines the substantial differences between the biophysical properties of the APCβ domains of Apicomplexan PLPs, which reflect their significant sequence diversity. Such differences will be important factors in determining the cell targeting and membrane-binding activity of the different proteins, in their different developmental roles within parasite life cycles.

Personocentrism in classical Russian literature of the XIX century. Dialectics of Artistic Consciousness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Andreev
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Cultural Identification ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Cultural Code ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Xix Century

The monograph is devoted to the study of the brightest phenomenon of the world art culture — Russian literature of the "golden age", which was formed as an aristocratic, personocentric literature. Russian Russian literature began to realize its "cultural code", its purpose, which was close to it in spirit; moreover, it unconsciously formed a program for its development, immediately finding its "gold mine": elitist personocentrism as a highly promising vector of culture, which became a decisive factor in the world recognition of Russian literature. The end-to-end plot of the book was the spiritual biography of the" extra person", a person, a personality. The author suggests that the starting point in the Russian cultural identification of the modern type is "Eugene Onegin" by A. S. Pushkin. This novel in verse, which embodied the type of "superfluous", determined not only the specifics and strategy of the development of Russian literature (which is proved by the analysis of the key classical works of the XIX century-from Griboyedov to Chekhov); in fact, it formed a program for the development of modern world literature. For specialists in literature, teachers and students of philological faculties of universities. It will also be useful for cultural scientists, specialists in literary and artistic creativity.

scholarly journals Sexual reproduction with variable mating systems can resist asexuality in a rock–paper–scissors dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 140383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carranza ◽  
Vicente Polo
Keyword(s):  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Mating Systems ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Diploid Population ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Equal Contribution

While sex can be advantageous for a lineage in the long term, we still lack an explanation for its maintenance with the twofold cost per generation. Here we model an infinite diploid population where two autosomal loci determine, respectively, the reproductive mode, sexual versus asexual and the mating system, polygynous (costly sex) versus monogamous (assuming equal contribution of parents to offspring, i.e. non-costly sex). We show that alleles for costly sex can spread when non-costly sexual modes buffer the interaction between asexual and costly sexual strategies, even without twofold benefit of recombination with respect to asexuality. The three interacting strategies have intransitive fitness relationships leading to a rock–paper–scissors dynamics, so that alleles for costly sex cannot be eliminated by asexuals in most situations throughout the parameter space. Our results indicate that sexual lineages with variable mating systems can resist the invasion of asexuals and allow for long-term effects to accumulate, thus providing a solution to the persisting theoretical question of why sex was not displaced by asexuality along evolution.

scholarly journals THE HUMANE ASPIRATIONS IN ISAAC BABEL’S RED CAVALRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Thi Huong Do
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Isaac Babel ◽  
Soviet Literature ◽  
Red Army ◽  
Psychological View ◽  
Jewish Intellectuals ◽  
The Ideal

Isaac Babel is an exceptional Russian-Jewish writer of Russian literature. The writer himself and his best work Red Cavalry have truly become a remarkable phenomenon in Russian and world literature. Through Red Cavalry, Babel not only helps readers understand more about the life, the fighting process as well as the virtues and the ideal of the Red Army Cossack soldiers, but also allows them to see the human values, human nature, simple wishes and noble aspirations of people, especially the Jewish intellectuals in violent war situations. His readers, therefore, pay even more respect for this talented and brave writer, and at the same time, earn a more comprehensive view of a highly turbulent period of the Russian-Soviet literature. With an uncommon psychological view used in approaching the works written about war, this article hopes to highlight the issues mentioned above.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DOSTOYEVSKI'S STORIES TRANSLATED INTO TURKISH

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-142
Author(s):  
Doaa Abdulkareem ABDULLAH
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Language Style ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
Hard Shell

The only purpose of this thesis is to try to connect Russian culture to Turkish literature. We chose an interesting review, because it is one of the famous Russian writers, known for the most impressive novels of world literature. At Feodor Mihayloviç Dostoevsky, we believe that human characters are processed much more deeply. He is one of the powerful representatives of realism. He adhered to religion and traditions and included spiritual analyzes in his works. Despite all his material and spiritual poverty and epileptic seizures, his terrible years enabled Dostoevsky to discover the wealth of religion and prisoners, namely "the gold in the hard shell". Realist writers value language, style and form. Because the purpose of art is to express the truth objectively and aesthetically. There must be a harmony between the essence, form, language and style of the work, such as the harmony between the soul and body. Each individual is stuck between two kinds of life and tries to maintain a life between this congestion. In other words, they have two faces, they have contradictions, they have fears, their delusions, their gods or what's going on ... Man represents infinity as a limited, spiritual being in this view. Dostoevski is a writer only when we feel miserable, if we have reached the end of our limit of suffering and if we perceive life as a completely flaming wound, if we only live one despair of despair, then only then we must read. Key words: Dostoevsky, Russian Literature, White Nights, Nastenka, Mehmet Ozgul.

scholarly journals Quarantine as a tool of epidemic fight

2020 ◽  
pp. 180-195
Author(s):  
Renata E. Paliga
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
The 19Th Century

Until the 19th century, the factor causing epidemics was not known, and the escape from a place where it occurred as well as isolation of patients was considered to be the only effective way to avoid illness and death. Quarantine in a sense similar to modern times was used in 1377 in Ragusa, today’s Dubrovnik, during the plague epidemic. It was the first administratively imposed procedure in the world’s history. It was later used in Venice and other rich port cities in the Mediterranean. On the territory of today’s Poland, quarantine measures were used by the so-called Mayor of the Air – LukaszDrewno in 1623 during the plague epidemic in Warsaw. The quarantine left its mark on all areas of human activity. It affected all humanity in a way that is underestimated today. Throughout history, it has been described and presented visually. It is omnipresent in the world literature, art and philosophy. However, the isolation and closure of cities, limiting trade, had an impact on the economic balance, and the dilemma between the choice of inhabitants’ health and the quality of existence, i.e. their wealth, has been the subject of discussions since the Middle Ages. Since the end of the 19th century, quarantine has lost its practical meaning. The discovery of bacteria and a huge development of medical and social sciences allowed limiting its range. In the 20th century isolation and quarantine no longer had a global range, because the ability to identify factors causing the epidemic, knowledge about the incubation period, carrier, infectiousness, enabled the rational determination of its duration and territorial range. The modern SARS COV 2 pandemic has resulted in a global quarantine on a scale unprecedented for at least three hundred years. The aim of this paper is to present the history of quarantine from its beginning to the present day, including its usefulness as an epidemiological tool.

scholarly journals Mating system and female reproductive success of the endemic, epiphytic Prosthechea aff. karwinskii (Orchidaceae)

Lankesteriana ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ericka Camacho-Domínguez ◽  
Irene Ávila-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Open Pollination ◽  
Female Reproductive Success ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Northern Portion

Prosthechea aff. karwinskii (Mart.) Soto Arenas & Salazar (unpublished name) is an endemic Mexican epiphytic orchid with a restricted distribution. It occurs in deciduous oak forests, particularly on Quercus deserticola in the northern portion of Michoacán state. Due to their ornamental uses, this and other orchid species have been heavily collected from their natural populations. Learning about the reproductive biology of this species is important, as we may gain knowledge about the probable repercussions of overcollecting on their genetics and ecology. This will be a useful tool for the management and conservation of the species. The objectives were to 1) study the mating system of P. aff. karwinskii, 2) determine if the species requires an external pollinating agent for sexual reproduction, and 3) evaluate female reproductive success of this species. Exclusions (150) were made before anthesis. Once the flowers opened, we applied four pollination treatments: manual selfing, outcrossing, spontaneous autogamy, and open pollination. We subsequently quantified the production of fruits and viability of the seeds. Preliminary results showed that outcrossing and selfing treatments exhibited statistically higher fruit set than spontaneous autogamy and open pollination treatments, meaning that P. aff. karwinskii has the capability to reproduce via self-pollination. Prosthechea aff. karwinskii is pollinator-dependent for sexual reproduction, taking into account that the spontaneous autogamy treatment showed nil fruit production. Female reproductive success in open pollinated flowers was lower compared to fruit set of hand pollination treatments. This indicates that this species, as other species of tropical orchids, is pollination-limited. 

scholarly journals Tool for Determination of Risk for Risk-Based Operation of Socio-Cyber-Physical Systems. Applications in Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Dana Prochazkova ◽  
Jan Prochazka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Rate

The aim of risk management of socio-cyber-physical systems at operation is the integral safety which ensures their co-existence with their vicinity throughout their life cycles. On the basis of present knowledge and experience, part of risks that threaten socio-cyber-physical systems is coped by preven-tive measures during their designing and manufacturing. Due to dynamic changes of the world, the con-ditions of socio-cyber-physical systems at operations change. If changes exceed the socio-cyber-physical systems´ safety limits which were inserted into their designs, the accidents or socio-cyber-physical systems´ failures occur. The paper contains the Decision Support System for determination of risk rate of socio-cyber-physical systems. Its regular application shows present-day risk rate and allows to reveal danger situations and in time to apply mitigation measures. The methodology can find several applications in Education, especially in Engineering Education.

scholarly journals Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA inheritance in the agaric Basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
G May ◽  
J W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Nuclear Migration ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Mtdna Inheritance ◽  
Mtdna Evolution ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Inheritance

Abstract Patterns of mating and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance were investigated for the Basidiomycete, Coprinus cinereus in order to better understand the relationship of reproductive biology and mtDNA evolution in fungi. Results showed that the unique mating system of basidiomycetes can lead to the formation of mitochondrial mosaics (i.e., colonies composed of sectors differing in mtDNA). Mitochondria do not migrate along with nuclei during mating. Intracellular mixed or recombinant mtDNA molecules were not observed. Interestingly, it was found that mating asymmetry, caused by nonreciprocal nuclear migration, may be an important part of the reproductive biology of C. cinereus.

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