Definition of Coordinate System for Three-Dimensional Data Analysis in the Foot and Ankle

A serious limitation to conventional data analysis is that the data refer mainly to elongated bodies. When three‐dimensional distortions are present, quantitative interpretation based only on the off‐diagonal elements of the conventionally rotated impedance tensor is inadequate, because these off‐diagonal elements are insensitive to the tensor trace. The impedance tensor eigenstate formulation proposed in the literature defines a complete set of parameters suitable for recognition of three‐dimensionality. Generally, though, the eigenvalues do not stand for the off‐diagonal elements of an impedance tensor measured in a physical coordinate system. It is shown how the eigenvalues are modified when the relationship between coordinate system rotations and the eigenstate formulation is clarified. A generalization of the conventional analysis results, but the rotation angle obtained is neither unique nor complete To improve the situation, two new analytical rotation angles are proposed. These angles define two complete intrinsic coordinate systems suitable for magnetotelluric data analysis when a general three‐dimensional structure is involved.

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Nonlinear definition of the shadowy mode in higher-order scalar-tensor theories

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics ◽

10.1088/1475-7516/2021/12/020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 (12) ◽

pp. 020

Author(s):

Antonio De Felice ◽

Shinji Mukohyama ◽

Kazufumi Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Differential Equation ◽

Coordinate System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Spacelike Hypersurface ◽

Higher Order ◽

Elliptic Differential Equation ◽

Unitary Gauge ◽

Definition Of

Abstract We study U-DHOST theories, i.e., higher-order scalar-tensor theories which are degenerate only in the unitary gauge and yield an apparently unstable extra mode in a generic coordinate system. We show that the extra mode satisfies a three-dimensional elliptic differential equation on a spacelike hypersurface, and hence it does not propagate. We clarify how to treat this “shadowy” mode at both the linear and the nonlinear levels.

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On Representations for Joint Moments Using a Joint Coordinate System

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4025327 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 135 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Oliver M. O'Reilly ◽

Mark P. Sena ◽

Brian T. Feeley ◽

Jeffrey C. Lotz

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Coordinate System ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Knee ◽

Human Knee Joint ◽

Six Dof ◽

Clinical Description ◽

Definition Of ◽

Nonorthogonal Projections ◽

Joint Coordinate System

In studies of the biomechanics of joints, the representation of moments using the joint coordinate system has been discussed by several authors. The primary purpose of this technical brief is to emphasize that there are two distinct, albeit related, representations for moment vectors using the joint coordinate system. These distinct representations are illuminated by exploring connections between the Euler and dual Euler bases, the “nonorthogonal projections” presented in a recent paper by Desroches et al. (2010, “Expression of Joint Moment in the Joint Coordinate System,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 132(11), p. 11450) and seminal works by Grood and Suntay (Grood and Suntay, 1983, “A Joint Coordinate System for the Clinical Description of Three-Dimensional Motions: Application to the Knee,” ASME J. Biomech. Eng., 105(2), pp. 136–144) and Fujie et al. (1996, “Forces and Moment in Six-DOF at the Human Knee Joint: Mathematical Description for Control,” Journal of Biomechanics, 29(12), pp. 1577–1585) on the knee joint. It is also shown how the representation using the dual Euler basis leads to straightforward definition of joint stiffnesses.

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2.2. Working Group 2: Conceptual Definitions of Reference Coordinate Systems for Earth Dynamics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100050867 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 21-26

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Working Group ◽

General Character ◽

Coordinate Systems ◽

Reference Coordinate System ◽

Group 2 ◽

Definition Of ◽

Earth Dynamics

An ideal definition of a reference coordinate system should meet the following general requirements:1. It should be as conceptually simple as possible, so its philosophy is well understood by the users.2. It should imply as few physical assumptions as possible. Wherever they are necessary, such assumptions should be of a very general character and, in particular, they should not be dependent upon astronomical and geophysical detailed theories.3. It should suggest a materialization that is dynamically stable and is accessible to observations with the required accuracy.

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Application of high-resolution field-emission LVSEM, backscatter imaging, immunogold staining to definition of the spatial distributions of two human neutrophil adherence receptors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100146023 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 36-37

Author(s):

Robert D. Nelson ◽

Sharon R. Hasslen ◽

Stanley L. Erlandsen

Keyword(s):

Cell Surface ◽

Surface Membrane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Human Neutrophils ◽

Spatial Distributions ◽

Immunogold Staining ◽

Functional Control ◽

Neutrophil Adherence ◽

Definition Of ◽

Mode Of Attachment

Receptors are commonly defined in terms of number per cell, affinity for ligand, chemical structure, mode of attachment to the cell surface, and mechanism of signal transduction. We propose to show that knowledge of spatial distribution of receptors on the cell surface can provide additional clues to their function and components of functional control.L-selectin and Mac-1 denote two receptor populations on the neutrophil surface that mediate neutrophil-endothelial cell adherence interactions and provide for targeting of neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. We have studied the spatial distributions of these receptors using LVSEM and backscatter imaging of isolated human neutrophils stained with mouse anti-receptor (primary) antibody and goat anti-mouse (secondary) antibody conjugated to 12 nm colloidal gold. This combination of techniques provides for three-dimensional analysis of the expression of these receptors on different surface membrane domains of the neutrophil: the ruffles and microvilli that project from the cell surface, and the cell body between these projecting structures.

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Facet Theory

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040.3.1.13 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Ruth Guttman ◽

Charles W. Greenbaum

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Animal Behavior ◽

Infant Development ◽

Facet Theory ◽

Structural Relationships ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Spatial Configurations ◽

Multidimensional Methods ◽

Definition Of ◽

Scalogram Analysis

This article gives an overview of Facet Theory, a systematic approach to facilitating theory construction, research design, and data analysis for complex studies, that is particularly appropriate to the behavioral and social sciences. Facet Theory is based on (1) a definitional framework for a universe of observations in the area of study; (2) empirical structures of observations within this framework; (3) a search for correspondence between the definitional system and aspects of the empirical structure for the observations. The development of Facet Theory and Facet Design is reviewed from early scale analysis and the Guttman Scale, leading to the concepts of “mapping sentence,” “universe of content,” “common range,” “content facets,” and nonmetric multidimensional methods of data analysis. In Facet Theory, the definition of the behavioral domain provides a rationale for hypothesizing structural relationships among variables employed in a study. Examples are presented from various areas of research (intelligence, infant development, animal behavior, etc.) to illustrate the methods and results of structural analysis with Smallest Space Analysis (SSA), Multidimensional Scalogram Analysis (MSA), and Partial Order Scalogram Analysis (POSA). The “radex” and “cylindrex” of intelligence tests are shown to be outstanding examples of predicted spatial configurations that have demonstrated the ubiquitous emergence of the same empirical structures in different studies. Further examples are given from studies of spatial abilities, infant development, animal behavior, and others. The use of Facet Theory, with careful construction of theory and design, is shown to provide new insights into existing data; it allows for the diagnosis and discrimination of behavioral traits and makes the generalizability and replication of findings possible, which in turn makes possible the discovery of lawfulness. Achievements, issues, and future challenges of Facet Theory are discussed.

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Pedagang Kaki Lima, Profil Entrepreneurship Sejati, Pelaku Ekonomi Kerakyatan, Ciptakan Jiwa Kewirausahaan Mandiri

JURNAL SOSIAL Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial ◽

10.33319/sos.v20i1.35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Agus Prasetya

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Data Display ◽

Job Seekers ◽

Street Vendor ◽

Street Vendors ◽

The Social ◽

Collection Data ◽

Definition Of ◽

Depth Interviews

This article is motivated by the fact that the existence of the Street Vendor (PKL) profession is a manifestation of the difficulty of work and the lack of jobs. The scarcity of employment due to the consideration of the number of jobs with unbalanced workforce, economically this has an impact on the number of street vendors (PKL) exploding ... The purpose of being a street vendor is, as a livelihood, making a living, looking for a bite of rice for family, because of the lack of employment, this caused the number of traders to increase. The scarcity of jobs, causes informal sector migration job seekers to create an independent spirit, entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, with capital, managed by traders who are true populist economic actors. The problems in street vendors are: (1) how to organize, regulate, empower street vendors in the cities (2) how to foster, educate street vendors, and (3) how to help, find capital for street vendors (4) ) how to describe grief as a Five-Foot Trader. This paper aims to find a solution to the problem of street vendors, so that cases of conflict, cases of disputes, clashes of street vendors with Satpol PP can be avoided. For this reason, the following solutions must be sought: (1) understanding the causes of the explosions of street vendors (2) understanding the problems of street vendors. (3) what is the solution to solving street vendors in big cities. (4) describe Street Vendors as actors of the people's economy. This article is qualitative research, the social paradigm is the definition of social, the method of retrieving observational data, in-depth interviews, documentation. Data analysis uses Interactive Miles and Huberman theory, with stages, Collection Data, Display Data, Data Reduction and Vervying or conclusions.

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Proposing 3D Thermal Technology for Heritage Building Energy Monitoring

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13081537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1537

Author(s):

Antonio Adán ◽

Víctor Pérez ◽

José-Luis Vivancos ◽

Carolina Aparicio-Fernández ◽

Samuel A. Prieto

Keyword(s):

Computer Vision ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Building Energy ◽

Energy Monitoring ◽

3D Computer Vision ◽

Building Monitoring ◽

Heritage Buildings ◽

Heritage Building ◽

Definition Of

The energy monitoring of heritage buildings has, to date, been governed by methodologies and standards that have been defined in terms of sensors that record scalar magnitudes and that are placed in specific positions in the scene, thus recording only some of the values sampled in that space. In this paper, however, we present an alternative to the aforementioned technologies in the form of new sensors based on 3D computer vision that are able to record dense thermal information in a three-dimensional space. These thermal computer vision-based technologies (3D-TCV) entail a revision and updating of the current building energy monitoring methodologies. This paper provides a detailed definition of the most significant aspects of this new extended methodology and presents a case study showing the potential of 3D-TCV techniques and how they may complement current techniques. The results obtained lead us to believe that 3D computer vision can provide the field of building monitoring with a decisive boost, particularly in the case of heritage buildings.

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Zur exakten Behandlung von kollektiven Rotationen Teil A: Theorie / On the Exact Treatment of Collective Rotations Part A: Theory

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1973-0209 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 206-215

Author(s):

Hanns Ruder

Keyword(s):

Coordinate System ◽

Perturbation Expansion ◽

Rotational Energy ◽

The Body ◽

System A ◽

N Body Problem ◽

Definition Of ◽

Fixed System ◽

Body Fixed Coordinate System ◽

Groundstate Energy

Basic in the treatment of collective rotations is the definition of a body-fixed coordinate system. A kinematical method is derived to obtain the Hamiltonian of a n-body problem for a given definition of the body-fixed system. From this exact Hamiltonian, a consequent perturbation expansion in terms of the total angular momentum leads to two exact expressions: one for the collective rotational energy which has to be added to the groundstate energy in this order of perturbation and a second one for the effective inertia tensor in the groundstate. The discussion of these results leads to two criteria how to define the best body-fixed coordinate system, namely a differential equation and a variational principle. The equivalence of both is shown.

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A Summary of F-Transform Techniques in Data Analysis

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics10151771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (15) ◽

pp. 1771

Author(s):

Ferdinando Di Martino ◽

Irina Perfilieva ◽

Salvatore Sessa

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Analysis Data ◽

High Dimensional ◽

Sufficient Data ◽

Fuzzy Transform ◽

Transform Method ◽

Data Density ◽

Fuzzy Partitions ◽

Definition Of ◽

Performance Results

Fuzzy transform is a technique applied to approximate a function of one or more variables applied by researchers in various image and data analysis. In this work we present a summary of a fuzzy transform method proposed in recent years in different data mining disciplines, such as the detection of relationships between features and the extraction of association rules, time series analysis, data classification. After having given the definition of the concept of Fuzzy Transform in one or more dimensions in which the constraint of sufficient data density with respect to fuzzy partitions is also explored, the data analysis approaches recently proposed in the literature based on the use of the Fuzzy Transform are analyzed. In particular, the strategies adopted in these approaches for managing the constraint of sufficient data density and the performance results obtained, compared with those measured by adopting other methods in the literature, are explored. The last section is dedicated to final considerations and future scenarios for using the Fuzzy Transform for the analysis of massive and high-dimensional data.

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