scholarly journals Components of the diff use endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: interconnections and mutual infl uences

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (5) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
I. V. Kozlova ◽  
E. A. Lapteva ◽  
A. P. Bykova ◽  
A. L. Pakhomova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Diffuse Endocrine System

Objective: To study the interconnections and mutual infl uences of the components of the diffuse endocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Materials and methods: 138 patients with NAFLD and intestinal pathology, 36 patients without intestinal dysfunction were examined. The morphometric indicators of the expression of colonocytes immunopositive to the vascular endothelial growth factor, as well as to leptin, were compared with the clinical and endoscopic features of the colon and liver, and the functional and structural parameters of the liver were evaluated. Correlations of the studied indicators are revealed. A mathematical model is proposed that takes into account, along with the functional characteristics of the liver, structural, immunohistochemical, and morphometric parameters of the colon mucosa, which allow predicting the stage of liver fi brosis. Results: It was established that NAFLD is characterized by a dysregulation of diff use endocrine system parameters, which makes a certain contribution both to the formation of structural changes in the colon and to the progression of liver fi brosis.

scholarly journals Role of the endocrine system in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (48) ◽  
pp. 2173-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Hagymási ◽  
Péter Reismann ◽  
Károly Rácz ◽  
Zsolt Tulassay
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Hormone Deficiency ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The most frequent liver disorder in metabolic syndrome is the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Its pathogenesis is a complex, multifactorial process, characterized by insulin resistance and involvement of the endocrine system. Hypothyroidism may lead to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis via hyperlipidemia and obesity. Adult patients with growth hormone deficiency have a metabolic syndrome-like phenotype with obesity and many characteristic metabolic alterations. The chronic activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis results in metabolic syndrome as well. Cushing’s syndrome has also features of metabolic syndrome. Mild elevation of transaminase activities is commonly seen in patients with adrenal failure. Non-alcoholic steatosis is twice as common in postmenopusal as in premenopausal women and hormonal replacement therapy decreases the risk of steatosis. Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus type 2, sleeping apnoe syndrome, cardiovascular disorders and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are more frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hypoandrogenism in males and hyperandrogenism in females may lead to fatty liver via obesity and insulin resistance. Adipokines (leptin, acylation stimulating protein, adiponectin) have a potential role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver. The alterations of endocrine system must be considered in the background of cryptogenic liver diseases. The endocrine perspective may help the therapeutic approaches in the future.

scholarly journals Structural changes in the liver in metabolic syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
D. V. Vasendin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Main Component

Scientifically proven close relationship of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with development of metabolic syndrome and its individual components involves the conclusion that the target organ in metabolic symptom, even regardless of the severity of obesity, the liver occupies a dominant position, as the body undergoes the first characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease changes, involving violation of metabolism in the body. Dislipoproteinemia plays an important role in the formation of metabolic syndrome in obesity and other obesity-associated diseases. Altered liver function are the root cause of violations of processes of lipid metabolism and, consequently, abnormal functioning of the liver may be a separate, additional and independent risk factor for development of dyslipidemia and obesity as the main component of the metabolic syndrome.

New therapy for fatty liver

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Tanita Suttichaimongkol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Insulin Resistance ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Related Mortality

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of death from liver cirrhosis, endstage liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma. It is also associated with increased cardiovasculardisease and cancer related mortality. While lifestyle modifications are the mainstay of treatment,only a proportion of patients are able to make due to difficult to achieve and maintain, and so moretreatment options are required such as pharmacotherapy. This review presents the drugs used inmanaging NAFLD and their pharmacologic targets. Therapies are currently directed towards improvingthe metabolic status of the liver, insulin resistance, cell oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation orfibrosis. Several agents are now in large clinical trials and within the next few years, the availability oftherapeutic options for NAFLD will be approved.     Keywords: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis  

Natural Aldose Reductase Inhibitor: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longxin Qiu ◽  
Chang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Aldose reductase (AR) has been reported to be involved in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Hepatic AR is induced under hyperglycemia condition and converts excess glucose to lipogenic fructose, which contributes in part to the accumulation of fat in the liver cells of diabetes rodents. In addition, the hyperglycemia-induced AR or nutrition-induced AR causes suppression of the transcriptional activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and reduced lipolysis in the liver, which also contribute to the development of NAFLD. Moreover, AR induction in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may aggravate oxidative stress and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the liver. Here, we summarize the knowledge on AR inhibitors of plant origin and review the effect of some plant-derived AR inhibitors on NAFLD/NASH in rodents. Natural AR inhibitors may improve NAFLD at least in part through attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine expression. Some of the natural AR inhibitors have been reported to attenuate hepatic steatosis through the regulation of PPARα-mediated fatty acid oxidation. In this review, we propose that the natural AR inhibitors are potential therapeutic agents for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictor of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahinul Alam ◽  
Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Sheikh Mohammad Noor E Alam ◽  
Ziaur Rahman Chowdhury ◽  
Jahangir Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver is a common cause of chronic liver disease in developed as well as developing countries.We have designed this study to estimate the prevalence and predictors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have included 493 patients with sonographic evidence of fatty change in liver and 177 of them had done liver biopsy for histopathological study. Other causes of liver disease and alcohol consumption were excluded. Metabolic syndrome and biochemical and anthropometric evaluation was done. Females were predominating 250 (57.0 %). Centrally obese 422 (96.2 %) was more than over all obesity330 (75.1%). NASH was absent in 10 (5.6%) cases and diagnostic of NASH was 75 Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 32, No. 2, April 2014 (42.4 %).Presence of diabetes could significantly (p = 0.001) predicted NASH. Age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, Serum HDL,triglyceride, insulin resistance index, hypertension, metabolic syndrome could not predict NASH. Serum GGT level was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in NASHwith a sensitivity of 45 % and specificity of 68 % only. Serum ALT and AST level could not detect NASH. Females were predominant sufferer of NAFLD in Bangladesh. Prevalence of NASH was much higher42.4%. Diabetes was the main predictor of NASH. GGT was the only biochemical indicator of NASH. We recommend liver biopsy in NAFLD with diabetes and raised GGT.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 71-77

scholarly journals 5-Bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene) Cyclopentanone Acts as a Selective 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase one Inhibitor to Treat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongguo Guan ◽  
Yiyan Wang ◽  
Huitao Li ◽  
Qiqi Zhu ◽  
Xiaoheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Low Concentration

Background: 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one is responsible for activating inert glucocorticoid cortisone into biologically active cortisol in humans and may be a novel target for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: A series of benzylidene cyclopentanone derivatives were synthesized, and the selective inhibitory effects on rat, mouse and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase one and two were screened. The most potent compound [5-bis-(2,6-difluoro-benzylidene)-cyclopentanone] (WZS08), was used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice fed a high-fat-diet for 100 days.Results: WZS08 was the most potent inhibitor of rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, with half maximum inhibitory concentrations of 378.0, 244.1, and 621.1 nM, respectively, and it did not affect 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase two at 100 μM. When mice were fed WZS08 (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) for 100 days, WZS08 significantly lowered the serum insulin levels and insulin index at 4 mg/kg. WZS08 significantly reduced the levels of serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and hepatic fat ratio at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It down-regulated Plin2 expression and up-regulated Fabp4 expression at low concentration of 1 mg/kg. It significantly improved the morphology of the non-alcoholic fatty liver.Conclusion: WZS08 selectively inhibits rat, mouse, and human 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1, and can treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in a mouse model.

Abstract 454: High Density Lipoprotein Proteome Dynamics is Altered in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takhar Kasumov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Complement 3 ◽  
Hdl Dysfunction

Objectives: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with an increased rate of cardiovascular disease (CVD) related mortality. HDL protects against CVD through reverse cholesterol transport, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. HDL functions and the proteome composition are altered in CVD. We used 2 H 2 O metabolic labeling approach to test hypothesis that altered HDL proteome dynamics is involved in HDL dysfunction in NAFLD. Methods: The kinetics of HDL proteins were measured in patients NAFLD (n=12) and healthy controls (n=8). Each subject consumed 2 H 2 O in their drinking water and blood samples were collected at different time points during one week. 2 H-enrichment of tryptic peptides from HDL proteins were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Oxidase activity of HDL-associated ceruloplasmin (Cp) and HDL’s inflammatory index were quantified using spectrophotometric assays. Results: Compared to control, NAFLD had higher BMI, Hba1c, HOMA-IR, plasma AST, ALT and triglycerides, but similar LDL and HDL cholesterol. NAFLD also had higher inflammatory index (1.8±0.5 vs 1.2±0.2 RUF/mgHDLc/min, p<0.05) and oxidase activity of Cp (93.7±61.2 vs 61.2 U/L, p<0.005). This was associated with increased serum actvity of MPO (6.2±1.2 vs 8.4±1.6, p<0.05), a nutrophile-derived protein involved in HDL dysfunction. HDL NAFLD was significantly enriched with proteins involved in the acute phase response (complement 3, Cp) but depleted in apoAII and PON1. These changes were associated with increased fractional catabolic rates (FCRs) of apoAI (1.6±0.2 vs 1.1±0.3 %/h), apoAII (1.6±0.2 vs 1.1±0.3 %/h), apoAIV (2.6±0.8 vs 3.9±0.7%/h) and increased relative production rate (RPR) of complement 3 (>4 fold). Oxidase activity of Cp was positively associated with FCR of apoAI (r=0.53, p=0.002) and RPR of C3 (r=0.32, p=0.03). Conclusions: HDL dysfunction in NASH could be related to the altered turnover of HDL proteins, including increased degradation of apoAI, apoAII, apoAIV and increased production of C3.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Accuracy of Serological Markers in Viral Hepatitis and Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. A Comparative Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Ankush Mittal ◽  
Brijesh Sathian ◽  
Nishida Chandrasekharan ◽  
Akshay Lekhi ◽  
Shamim Mohammad Farooqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Serological Markers ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Liver diseases is apparently increasing and emerging as a major public health problem. Worldwide,  chronic hepatitis B has  become  the tenth leading cause of death  and  persons infected with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), are about 350 million and  125 million respectively. The aim of current retrospective comparative study was concerned primarily to evaluate the significance of non invasive serological markers for diagnosing liver diseases and their predictive implications in Pokhara valley. Materials and Methods: It was a hospital based retrospective study carried out using the data maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of the Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal between 1st June 2009 and 31st   October 2010.  The variables collected were total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin.  Descriptive statistics and testing of hypothesis were used for the analysis. Data was analyzed using EPI INFO and SPSS 16 software. Results: Of 515 subjects, 120 were suffering from viral hepatitis and 88 had non alcoholic fatty liver disease. In cases of viral hepatitis, mean values of AST (CI 730.65 to 902.68) and ALT (CI 648.14 to 847.59) were markedly increased as compared to controls. Mild to moderate elevations in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (CI 43.42 to 49.49), alanine aminotransferase (CI 43.90 to 53.92) were the most common laboratory abnormalities found in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusion: Non invasive tests have demonstrated a reasonable ability to identify significant fibrosis, cirrhosis in particular, nor is it surprising that liver disease specialists and patients favour a non invasive approach.Key words: Viral hepatitis; Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i2.5137 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (2):60-63

Determinants of Physical Activity Engagement in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Need for an Individualized Approach to Lifestyle Interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip O’Gorman ◽  
Ann Monaghan ◽  
Marie McGrath ◽  
Sara Naimimohasses ◽  
John Gormley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Objectives Physical activity (PA) is an important non-pharmacological treatment for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study investigated the determinants of PA engagement and awareness of the World Health Organisation (WHO) PA guidelines in patients with NAFLD. Methods Study participants were 101 patients with NAFLD (median age: 54 [IQR = 15] y; 53 women and 48 men) who completed 4 questionnaires: (1) a PA guideline awareness questionnaire; (2) a PA questionnaire assessing PA levels; and (3) 2 questionnaires assessing perceived barriers and motivators for engaging in PA. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of PA levels. Results Twenty-four percent of participants correctly identified the recommended WHO weekly PA guidelines, and 39% adhered to the guidelines. Lack of willpower, time and energy were the most frequently cited barrier domains. Scores for lack of willpower (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.088–1.919) and lack of resources (OR = 1.378, 95% CI = 1.003–1.893), and reporting 3 or more ‘significant’ barrier domains (OR = 5.48, 95% CI = 1.792–15.873) were significant predictors of PA levels. Maintaining health and fitness was the most cited motivator domain and was a significant predictor (OR = 2.551, 95% CI = 1.253–5.208) of PA levels. Conclusions This study highlights) the lack of awareness of the WHO PA guidelines and the key determinants of PA participation in patients with NAFLD. Determinants of PA should be identified at the individual level to create a personalized approach for PA maintenance for people with NAFLD to promote lifelong participation in PA. Impact This study closes a gap in the published data on the determinants of PA engagement in patients with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Biochemical Scoring System For Diagnosing Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Noor E Alam ◽  
Shahinul Alam ◽  
Dulal Chandra Das ◽  
Mamun Al Mahtab
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis, and end stage liver disease. Despite the high prevalence and severity of hepatic illness, NAFLD remains underdiagnosed, because of few symptoms, lack of accurate laboratory markers. Objective: To evaluate a biochemical score for diagnosing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Methods: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out for a period of two years in the Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 43 patients of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) attending at department of Hepatology were selected and underwent for biochemical investigations and liver biopsy with NAFLD Activity Score (NAS). Results: A biochemical score (TAAG score) assigned 1 point for each parameter (fasting serum triglyceride >ULN, alanine aminotransferase >ULN, AST/ALT ratio (AAR) ≤1 and gamma-glutamyl transferase >ULN) was evaluated. TAAG score ≥3 was present in 32.5% of study population and 40% of NASH patients. It had a sensitivity of 40%, specificity 26% and AUROC 0.54. Conclusion: Biochemical scoring system comprising traditional biomarkers did not significantly predict NASH. Biopsy is the only way to estimate steatohepatitis and/or fibrosis. Bangladesh J Medicine July 2019; 30(2) : 58-62

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