scholarly journals Diet, dermatological diseases and comorbidity: aspects of prevention and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 183 (11) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
V. A. Okhlopkov ◽  
E. A. Lyalyukova ◽  
E. N. Chernysheva ◽  
E. V. Nadey ◽  
G. M. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Condition ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The purpose of the review was to study the data of the modern literature on the effect of diet on the skin condition and the course of some dermatological diseases. Recent studies have shown a strong link between diet and a number of dermatological conditions. Food allergies and Western eating patterns can dramatically alter microbiome composition and intestinal permeability. In conditions of disturbed microbial balance and changes in the barrier function of the intestine, the penetration of immunogenic molecules into the systemic circulation, including food antigens, bacterial toxins and pathogens, which can accumulate in the skin, disrupt the epidermal barrier and contribute to chronic inflammation, increase. However, in children with atopic dermatitis, elimination diets did not show a significant advantage in reducing the severity of the disease; on the contrary, adverse events associated with malnutrition, lack of vitamins and minerals were more often recorded. Despite the fact that dietary intervention is an important aspect of the treatment and prevention of a wide range of dermatological diseases, many questions remain open today.

scholarly journals Analysing microbiome intervention studies: Does choice of a statistical method affect biological interpretation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryia Khomich ◽  
Ingrid Måge ◽  
Ingunn Berget ◽  
Ida Rud
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Interpretation ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background The diet plays a major role in shaping gut microbiome composition and function in both humans and animals, and dietary intervention trials are often used to investigate and understand these effects. A plethora of statistical methods for analysing differential abundance of microbial taxa exists, and new methods are constantly being developed, but there is a lack of benchmarking studies and clear consensus on the best multivariate statistical practices. This makes it hard for a biologist to decide which method to use. Results We compared the outcomes of a wide range of ANOVA-like statistical methods to explore to what extent the choice of method affects the biological inferences made. The comparison is based on five published dietary intervention studies representing different subjects and study designs. We found that the methods producing outputs at the community level were in agreement regarding both effect size and statistical significance. However, the methods that provided ranking of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) gave incongruent results, implying that the choice of method is likely to influence the biological interpretations. Conclusions We concluded that inferences at the OTU level should be made with caution, and that a combination of several statistical methods allows to interpret the outcomes with higher confidence and simultaneously account for the limitations of each method.

Diabetes, Diabetic Complications, and Phosphate Toxicity: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 674-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald B. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Neuronal Degeneration ◽  
Ectopic Calcification ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Serum Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes

This article presents a scoping review and synthesis of research findings investigating the toxic cellular accumulation of dysregulated inorganic phosphate—phosphate toxicity—as a pathophysiological determinant of diabetes and diabetic complications. Phosphorus, an essential micronutrient, is closely linked to the cellular metabolism of glucose for energy production, and serum inorganic phosphate is often transported into cells along with glucose during insulin therapy. Mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, neuronal degeneration, and pancreatic cancer are associated with dysregulated levels of phosphate in diabetes. Ectopic calcification involving deposition of calcium-phosphate crystals is prevalent throughout diabetic complications, including vascular calcification, nephropathy, retinopathy, and bone disorders. A low-glycemic, low-phosphate dietary intervention is proposed for further investigations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related diabetic pathologies.

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for the Treatment and Prevention of Adult Dermatological Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manisha Notay ◽  
Negar Foolad ◽  
Alexandra R. Vaughn ◽  
Raja K. Sivamani
Keyword(s):  
Dermatological Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

scholarly journals Fat meets the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 202 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Tracey
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Neural Mechanism ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
Cytokine Release ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Local Cytokine ◽  
Damaging Effects

The cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that is controlled by the vagus nerve and inhibits local cytokine release, thereby preventing the damaging effects of cytokine overproduction. A new study now shows that dietary fat can activate this pathway, a finding that may help explain the immune system's failure to react to food antigens and commensal bacteria. Here we discuss this new data and its potential implications for dietary intervention in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Vascular reactivity in patients with bronchial asthma

2008 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
T. V. Smirnova ◽  
Yu. M. Perelman ◽  
V. P. Kolosov
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Airway Reactivity ◽  
Pulmonary Hemodynamics ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Ultrasound Investigation

Ultrasound investigation was done in 96 patients with bronchial asthma to define changes in endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent reactivity of brachial artery and their relations to central and pulmonary hemodynamics as well as to the airway reactivity. Tests with reactive hyperemia and nitroglycerine revealed disorders of vascular reactivity (decrease in endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent brachial artery dilation) which progressively worsened while severity of the disease increased. Dilation disorders in the systemic circulation closely related to the left ventricle diastolic dysfunction, increased total pulmonary vascular resistance and the airway reactivity.

Comparison of Drug Distribution Between Intravitreal Injection and a Controlled–Release Implant in a Rabbit Eye

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupak K. Banerjee ◽  
Robert J. Lutz ◽  
Keyvan Keyhani ◽  
Robert L. Dedrick ◽  
Brian King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Release Device ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Due to physiological barriers within the eye, which limit penetration of many drugs from the systemic circulation into the vitreous, the most common method of treating retinal disease is direct intravitreal injection. However, this common procedure may be inappropriate for a wide range of drugs as it may lead to highly variable concentrations potentially causing higher toxicity for tissues inside the eye and limiting therapeutic effect. A recent procedure is to use surgically implanted drug release device, called implant here, in the vitreous of the eye that allow controlled release of drug over a sustained period of time. For constant release of drug over 15 hours, a substantial reduction in peak drug concentration is predicted near the retina. When compared with the implant, a doubling of drug concentration would be expected for more than 3 hours near the retina for the intravitreal injection.

Diet and the gut microbiome: from hype to hypothesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannelore Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Immune Defence ◽  
Human Intestine ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Complex Ecosystem

AbstractMicrobiome research in the last two decades has delivered as a key finding that the human intestine hosts a unique and complex ecosystem with many variables affecting the composition of the microbiota and in turn its function in metabolism and immune defence. Hundreds of external (environmental) factors have meanwhile been identified as significantly associated with bacterial biomass and diversity and, amongst these, diet is considered as a key determinant of microbial populations. However, dietary intervention studies, including those with fermentable substrates that have bulk effects on bowel functions, have revealed only very minor effects on overall microbiome composition and usually show only a very few species changing in population size. What that means in the context of hundreds of different species coexisting in competition or mutualism in the human colon is far from understood. This review addresses some of the current limits in research on diet effects by taking anatomical and physiological features of the intestine into consideration. It also provides some recommendations on future human studies needed to assess how the diet influences the microbiome and associated effects on metabolic health.

scholarly journals Adaptive responses in men fed low- and high-copper diets

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Harvey ◽  
Gosia Majsak-Newman ◽  
Jack R. Dainty ◽  
D. John Lewis ◽  
Nicola J. Langford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Stable Isotope Label ◽  
Isotope Label ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
True Absorption ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cu Homeostasis

The study of Cu metabolism is hampered by a lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers of status and suitable isotopic labels, but limited information suggests that Cu homeostasis is maintained through changes in absorption and endogenous loss. The aim of the present study was to employ stable-isotope techniques to measure Cu absorption and endogenous losses in adult men adapted to low, moderate and high Cu-supplemented diets. Twelve healthy men, aged 20–59 years, were given diets containing 0·7, 1·6 and 6·0 mg Cu/d for 8 weeks, with at least 4 weeks intervening washout periods. After 6 weeks adaptation, apparent and true absorption of Cu were determined by measuring luminal loss and endogenous excretion of Cu following oral administration of 3 mg highly enriched65Cu stable-isotope label. Apparent and true absorption (41 and 48% respectively) on the low-Cu diet were not significantly different from the high-Cu diet (45 and 48% respectively). Endogenous losses were significantly reduced on the low- (0·45mg/d;P<0·001) and medium- (0·81 mg/d;P=0·001) compared with the high-Cu diet (2·46mg/d). No biochemical changes resulting from the dietary intervention were observed. Cu homeostasis was maintained over a wide range of intake and more rapidly at the lower intake, mainly through changes in endogenous excretion.

scholarly journals Microbial control of host gene regulation and the evolution of host–microbiome interactions in primates

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1808) ◽  
pp. 20190598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Grieneisen ◽  
Amanda L. Muehlbauer ◽  
Ran Blekhman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Microbial Control ◽  
Host Gene ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Species Specific

Recent comparative studies have found evidence consistent with the action of natural selection on gene regulation across primate species. Other recent work has shown that the microbiome can regulate host gene expression in a wide range of relevant tissues, leading to downstream effects on immunity, metabolism and other biological systems in the host. In primates, even closely related host species can have large differences in microbiome composition. One potential consequence of these differences is that host species-specific microbial traits could lead to differences in gene expression that influence primate physiology and adaptation to local environments. Here, we will discuss and integrate recent findings from primate comparative genomics and microbiome research, and explore the notion that the microbiome can influence host evolutionary dynamics by affecting gene regulation across primate host species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of the microbiome in host evolution’.

scholarly journals Dietary Patterns Differentially Affect Microbiome Composition and Function in a Porcine Model of Obesity-related Metabolic Disorder (OR23-04-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Solano-Aguilar ◽  
Jonathan Shao ◽  
Joseph Urban ◽  
Sukla Lakshman ◽  
Saebyeol Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives To determine the impact of two isocaloric diets containing (38% ,15% and 47% energy from fat, protein and carbohydrate, respectively): Western diet (WD) rich in saturated fat, refined carbohydrate, low in fiber and high in cholesterol, and a heart healthy diet (HHD) rich in unsaturated fat, unrefined carbohydrate, fruits/vegetables, high in fiber and low in cholesterol, on the composition and function of the gut microbiome Methods Thirty-Ossabaw pigs were fed WD or HHD diets with half within each group therapeutically treated with statin (atorvastatin [Lipitor]). The fecal microbiome was analyzed one and six months after dietary intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing and metagenomic function was empirically inferred Results Genus diversity was transiently affected with a reduced Shannon Diversity index one month after feeding the WD or HHD (FDR P < 0.05) with no change between groups at 6 months. Bacterial communities were clustered and separated by diet independent of gender and separated by treatment with statin in the HHD only. Verrucomicrobiaceae (Akkermansia) and Methanobacteriales (Methanobrevibacter) were increased in pigs as early as one month after feeding the HHD, as was Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium (associated with optimal intestinal health). There was an enrichment of Proteobacteria (Succinivibrionaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae) in pigs fed the WD. Additional members of the Firmicutes phylum were detected. Diet-dependent associations (all P < 0.05) were identified between Lachnospiraceae members and early host dyslipidemia, inflammation, and atheromatous lesions in the left anterior descending proximal (LAD) and LAD/Left circumflex (LCX) bifurcation six months post-intervention. Conclusions These data document for the first time a distinctive bacterial profile in Ossabaw pigs with a diet-induced dyslipidemia and early stage atherosclerosis. Taken together these results represent a new model to examine mechanistic pathways of dietary patterns and/or drug interactions and its effect on modulating microbiome in developing atherosclerosis. Funding Sources USDA project 8040-51530-056-00 and Inter Agency USDA Agreement 588-1950-9-001 between BHNRC and Jean Mayer USDA-HNRCA

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