scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS 26D ON GROWTH PARAMETERS AND IAA CONTENT IN POTATO PLANTS INFECTED WITH PHYTOPHTHORA INFESTANS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
A.V. Sorokan ◽  
◽  
S.V. Veselova ◽  
I.V. Maksimov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Regulation Of Growth

Plant diseases, including late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, have long-term negative effects on plant growth and productivity. Auxins play an important role both in the regulation of growth processes and in the interaction of plants with pathogenic and endophytic microorganisms. It was shown that the presence of endophytic bacteria B. subtilis 26D in potato tissues promoted a rapid recovery of the growth rates of shoots, wet and dry mass of roots after P. infestans infection, and also reduced the area of late blight damaged zones on the leaves. At the same time, the effect of the pathogen led to an increase in the IAA content in the shoots, which was not observed in infected plants containing B. subtilis 26D endophytic cells.

scholarly journals The regulation of growth parameters of potato microclones by jasmonic acid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Mukhamatdinova ◽  
I. S. Kovtun ◽  
M. V. Efimova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Murashige Skoog ◽  
First Time ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Axial Organs

The microclones of potato (variety Lugovskoy) were grown on the modified Murashige-Skoog (MS) agar medium in the absence (control) or presence of JA at concentrations of 0.001, 0.1, and 10 µM. We evaluated plant growth parameters such as the length of the axial organs, the number of stolons, leaves, the area of the assimilating surface, and the wet and dry mass of aboveground and underground organs. For the first time, has been demonstrated, that jasmonic acid (0.1 and 10 µM) was showed a pronounced growth-stimulating effect on potato plants.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the development of Phytophthora infestans on a tomato in the open ground

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Kondratyeva ◽  
L. K. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Source Resistance ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Relevance and methods. For the Non-chernozem zone, the main factor for the active development of late blight is the low air temperature and its sharp fluctuations during the day, contributing to the formation of increased air humidity and drip-liquid moisture on the plants. In the Moscow region, the causative agent of late blight is manifested almost annually. Populations of Phytophthora infestans are represented by the To and T1 races. Epiphytotic development was observed periodically (1977-1979, 1982, 1986, 1996-1999, 2000, 2001, 2003-2004, 2008-2009, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2019) and was provided by the virulent T1 race. Observations showed that epiphytotic situations arose in those years when the minimum air temperature was below long-term average values, and relative humidity and precipitation exceeded them. With a deviation from the norm in the direction of increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall and relatively low humidity, years were observed with a depressive (1992, 1994) or moderate development of the disease (1980, 1981, 1983, 1985, 1987-1991, 2002, 2005-2007, 2010-2012, 2018). Results. As a result of breeding work, a Grot tomato-tolerant tomato variety was obtained, on the basis of which varieties with high resistance Grand, Dubok, Gnom, Chelnok, Patris, Geya, Zolushka, Perst, Severyanka, Blagodatny were obtained. In the general collection of VIR as a source resistance to leaf spot pathogens were registered: Geya (v.k. 14839), Slavyanka (v.k. 14840), Patrice (v.k. 14841), Rossiyanka (v.k. 14842), Krepysh (v.k. 14843), Sibiryachka (v.k. 14444) and line 1079-94 (v.k. 14845) donors, in addition to their high resistance to late blight, have excellent economic characteristics.

scholarly journals Development of Real-Time Isothermal Amplification Assays for On-Site Detection of Phytophthora infestans in Potato Leaves

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (7) ◽  
pp. 1269-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélissa Si Ammour ◽  
Guillaume J. Bilodeau ◽  
David Mathieu Tremblay ◽  
Hervé Van der Heyden ◽  
Thaer Yaseen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Lamp Assay ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Crude Plant Extract ◽  
Time Loop ◽  
Potato Pathogens

Real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays were developed targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region of the ribosomal DNA of Phytophthora infestans, the potato late blight causal agent. A rapid crude plant extract (CPE) preparation method from infected potato leaves was developed for on-site testing. The assay’s specificity was tested using several species of Phytophthora and other potato fungal and oomycete pathogens. Both LAMP and RPA assays showed specificity to P. infestans but also to the closely related species P. andina, P. mirabilis, P. phaseoli, and P. ipomoeae, although the latter are not reported as potato pathogen species. No cross-reaction occurred with P. capsici or with the potato pathogens tested, including P. nicotianae and P. erythroseptica. The sensitivity was determined using P. infestans pure genomic DNA added into healthy CPE samples. Both LAMP and RPA assays detected DNA at 50 fg/μl and were insensitive to CPE inhibition. The isothermal assays were tested with artificially inoculated and naturally infected potato plants using a Smart-DART platform. The LAMP assay effectively detected P. infestans in symptomless potato leaves as soon as 24 h postinoculation. A rapid and accurate on-site detection of P. infestans in plant material using the LAMP assay will contribute to improved late blight diagnosis and early detection of infections and facilitate prompt management decisions.

After the famine: Plant pathology, Phytophthora infestans, and the late blight of potatoes, 1845––1960

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. STEVEN TURNER
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease

ABSTRACT: The late blight disease of potatoes, which triggered the great Irish famine of 1845-1849, remains one of the most feared and intractable plant diseases today. Decades of dispute about the cause of the disease followed the outbreak of 1845, and the scientifi c controversy illustrates the uneasy historical relationship among farmers, scientifi c agronomists, and plant pathologists. Consensus fi nally emerged that the fungus Phytophthora infestans was the true cause of the disease, but that organism's full life cycle remained obscure. Its sexual oospores could not be readily obtained by mycologists, despite sporadic reports that had been observed. The 20th century opened with great optimism that resistant varieties could be developed using dominant R-genes obtainable from some wild species, and this optimism led to a proliferation of public breeding programs between 1925 and 1935. But these hopes had foundered by the early 1950s with the inexplicable appearance of new fungal races that could overwhelm the most blight-resistant germplasm. The Rockefeller Foundation's postwar agricultural initiative in Mexico led during the 1950s to dramatic and unexpected solutions to some of the late blight puzzles. But even then the fungus remained obscure, and effective, non-chemical control methods have never been forthcoming. This article examines the historical frustrations of late-blight science and advances that history as a case study illustrating the rise and fall of an ““heroic age”” of resistance breeding and plant pathology in the first half of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Improved High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas fluorescens KENGFT3

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Town ◽  
Nina Cui ◽  
Patrice Audy ◽  
Sue Boyetchko ◽  
Tim J. Dumonceaux
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
High Quality

Pseudomonas sp. strain KENGFT3 inhibits the growth of Phytophthora infestans and is a potentially useful biopesticide for plant diseases, including potato late blight. We sequenced the 6.2-Mbp genome of this strain and assembled it into a single scaffold with 9 contigs. KENGFT3 is related to previously sequenced strains of P. fluorescens .

scholarly journals Arabidopsis late blight: Infection of a nonhost plant by Albugo laibachii enables full colonization by Phytophthora infestans

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaoula Belhaj ◽  
Liliana M. Cano ◽  
David C. Prince ◽  
Ariane Kemen ◽  
Kentaro Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Unexpected Finding ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Nonhost Plant ◽  
Gene Expression Dynamics ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
Arabidopsis Cells

AbstractThe oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight, and as a potato and tomato specialist pathogen, is seemingly poorly adapted to infect plants outside the Solanaceae. Here, we report the unexpected finding that P. infestans can infect Arabidopsis thaliana when another oomycete pathogen, Albugo laibachii, has colonized the host plant. The behaviour and speed of P. infestans infection in Arabidopsis pre-infected with A. laibachii resemble P. infestans infection of susceptible potato plants. Transcriptional profiling of P. infestans genes during infection revealed a significant overlap in the sets of secreted-protein genes that are induced in P. infestans upon colonisation of potato and susceptible Arabidopsis, suggesting major similarities in P. infestans gene expression dynamics on the two plant species. Furthermore, we found haustoria of A. laibachii and P. infestans within the same Arabidopsis cells. This Arabidopsis - A. laibachii - P. infestans tripartite interaction opens up various possibilities to dissect the molecular mechanisms of P. infestans infection and the processes occurring in co-infected Arabidopsis cells.

scholarly journals First Report of Phytophthora infestans on Petunia × hybrida in South Africa

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1550-1550
Author(s):  
A. McLeod ◽  
S. Coertze
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Western Cape Province ◽  
First Report

Phytophthora infestans is known worldwide as the destructive, late blight pathogen of potatoes and tomatoes. However, erratic reports dating back to 1856 also have shown it to be pathogenic on petunia (Petunia × hybrida), although it has not been regarded as an important pathogen on this host (4). Recently, reports from North America showed that P. infestans is of commercial importance in greenhouse-grown petunias (2), and that late blight-infected petunias may serve as inoculum to tomatoes growing in the same greenhouse (1,2). In the Western Cape Province of South Africa, two petunia samples were received at the Stellenbosch University Plant Disease Clinic in 2005 that showed symptoms resembling P. infestans infections. The two samples were from nurseries where petunias were either grown under shading nets or in a greenhouse. In the greenhouse-grown petunias, the presumptive late blight infections resulted in substantial losses to the grower. Symptoms included gray, slightly sunken leaf lesions with white sporulation mainly on the adaxial side of the leaves. Leaflets of the petunias were incubated in moist chambers, and sporangia sporulating from lesions were identified morphologically as being P. infestans (3). Subsequently, one isolate was cultured onto synthetic media by carefully transferring sporangia from a lesion with the tip of a bended glass rod onto wheat medium (120 g/L of crushed wheat seeds, blended, boiled and filtered through cheesecloth, plus 15 g of sucrose and agar). The identity of the culture was further confirmed through sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer regions (GenBank Accession No. DQ479409). The isolated P. infestans strain (STE-U 6134) has been submitted to the Stellenbosch University culture collection. Inoculum for the pathogenicity tests was produced by first flooding 14-day-old cultures with sterile distilled water to obtain a 2 × 104/ml sporangial suspension, followed by zoospore induction at 4°C. A mixture of petunia cultivars (n = 24) were spray inoculated to runoff with the zoospore induced sporangial suspension. Control plants were sprayed with sterile distilled water. Inoculated plants were incubated at 22 to 25°C and high relative humidity (≥93%) within perspex humidity chambers (60 × 30 × 60 cm) lined with a wet sheet of chromatography paper. The experiment was repeated twice. The first late blight symptoms similar to those of the submitted samples appeared 5 to 7 days after inoculation, with some lesions containing profuse white mycelia and sporangiophores typical for P. infestans. The pathogen was reisolated from the leaf lesions, completing Koch's postulate. To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. infestans causing damage on petunias in South Africa. Future studies should be aimed at investigating whether late blight-infected petunias provide an important source of inoculum for potatoes and tomatoes, which are widely grown in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. References: (1) M. C. Becktell et al. Plant Dis. 89:1000, 2005. (2) K. L. Deahl and D. K. Farel. Plant Dis. 87:1004, 2003. (3) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro, Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. The American Phytopathological Society St. Paul, MN, 1996. (4) J. M. Hirst and W. C. Moore. Phytophthora infestans on petunia and datura. Page 76 in: Plant Pathology-A Record of Current Work on Plant Diseases and Pests. Vol. 6. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food Plant Pathology Laboratory, Harpenden, England, 1957.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document