Political parties of Russia in the socio-political discourse in the post-perestroika period (to the history of the issue)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Party System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

The purpose of this article is to study the problem of the Russian specifics of partogenesis in modern socio-political discourse. Particular attention is paid to the formation and development of the party system in modern Russia. The presence of a meaningful relationship between the stage of the emergence of a multi-party system in the period of the Russian Empire, the post-revolutionary Soviet period when the one-party system was approved, and, finally, the modern multi-party system in the Russian Federation.

THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION ON LIABILITY FOR FRAUD IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Arkhipov ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

The article examines the history of the emergence and development of Russian legislation on criminal liability for fraud. It is noted that for the first time fraud is mentioned in the legal acts of the second half of the 16th century - the Codes of Justice of Tsars Ivan IV and Fyodor Ioannovich. Initially, fraud was most often understood as a deft but petty theft, in which de-ception was used to facilitate its commission. The understanding of fraud as the theft of other people's property, committed by deception, began to be formed only in the second half of the 18th century with the publication on April 3, 1781 by Empress Catherine II of the Decree "On the court and punishments for theft of different kinds and the establishment of working houses in all the gubernias." In the 19th century, the clarifying process of the content of the term "fraud" continued. It was reflected in the first codified criminal laws of the Russian Empire - Code of crimi-nal and corrective penalties of Russia of 1845 and the Charter on Punishments imposed by the justices of the peace of 1864. A significant contribution to the development of the Russian criminal law on liability for fraud was made by a group of legal scholars involved in the de-velopment of the Criminal Code of the Russian Empire, in which the whole Chapter 33 (Arti-cles 591-598) contained the rules on liability for fraud. Although the 1903 Criminal Code was not fully enacted, it had a significant impact on the formation of criminal law on liability for fraud in subsequent regulations. During the Soviet period, the legislation on the responsibility for fraud continued to develop. For the first time, abuse of trust was mentioned as a method of crime, along with deception. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the adoption in 1993 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Federal Law 10 of 01.07.1994 made signifi-cant changes to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 1960 that served as the basis for the system of crimes against property in modern Russia.

A New Step in the Study of the History of the Russian Prosecutor’s Office

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-98
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
High Level ◽  
The University

The paper is a review on the textbook by A. V. Yeremin, «The History of the National Prosecutor’s office» and the anthology «The Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Empire in the Documents of 1722–1917» (authors: V. V. Lavrov, A. V. Eremin, edited by N. M. Ivanov) published at the St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation in 2018. The reviewers emphasize the high relevance and high level of research, their theoretical and practical significance. The textbook and the anthology will help the students increase their legal awareness, expand their horizons.

scholarly journals The Revolution of 1905 in Częstochowa – based on the memories of Bronisława Zejden

2021 ◽  
pp. 209-224
Author(s):  
Karolina Studnicka-Mariańczyk ◽  
Bartłomiej Frukacz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Working Classes ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Revolution

The revolution of 1905 eludes simplistic and schematic interpretations. The event engulfed the Russian Empire and it spread to the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. The revolution had a complex background, but the rising discontent of the working classes and peasants played a crucial role. Political factors and opposition against Russian absolutism were equally pivotal. In the Kingdom of Poland, left-wing revolutionary forces’ attempts to regain national independence and sovereignty strongly contributed to the insurgency. The most significant acts of rebellion took place in the major Russian cities and the Vistula Country that had been incorporated into Imperial Russia. The key metropolitan areas at the beginning of the 20th century were St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Riga, Łódź as well as Częstochowa. The revolution of 1905 attracts considerable interest and stirs much controversy among contemporary historians. The events surrounding the revolution have been well documented by the existing research into worker movements and the history of political parties. However, not all sources have been identified and published, which creates new opportunities for expanding the existing knowledge. One of such undiscovered sources is a short diary of Bronisława Barc (née Zejden) who participated in the strikes in Częstochowa.

scholarly journals On the Issue of Creating a Russian Agent Network in Shanghai at the Beginning of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Drobotushenko Evgeny V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The history of the creation of the agent network of the Russian Empire has not found comprehensive coverage in scientific publications so far. The existing research referred to specific names or mention private facts. This predetermined the relevance of the work. The object of the study is the Russian agents in China in general and in Chinese Shanghai, in particular. The subject is the study of peculiarities of the first attempts in creating Russian agent network in the city. The aim of the work is to analyze the attempt to create a network of Russian illegal agents in Shanghai in 1906–1908. The lack of materials on the problem in scientific and popular scientific publications predetermined the use of previously unknown or little-known archival sources. This is the correspondence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, the Russian Imperial envoy in Beijing and the Russian Consul in Shanghai stored in the funds of the State Archive of the Russian Federation (SARF). The main conclusion of the study was the remark about the lack of scientific elaboration, at the moment, the history of official, legal and illegal agents of the Russian Empire in Shanghai, China. Private findings suggest that, judging by the available data, creation of a serious network of agents in the city during the Russian Empire failed. The reasons for this, presumably, were several: the lack of qualified agents with knowledge of Chinese or, at least, English, who could work effectively; the lack of funds for the maintenance of agents, a small number of Russian citizens, the remoteness of Shanghai from the Russian-Chinese border, etc. A network of agents will be created in the city by the Soviet authorities by the middle of the third decade of the 20th century, and Soviet illegal agents began to work in the early 1920s. The History of Soviet agents in China and Shanghai, in particular, is studied quite well which cannot be said about the previous period. It is obvious that further serious work with archival sources is required to recreate as complete as possible the history of Russian legal and illegal agents in Shanghai in pre-Soviet times

scholarly journals IMPERIAL AND SOVIET DIMENSIONS OF THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ISSUE IN O. LOTOTSKY’S JOURNALISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Galina Mykhailenko
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Independent State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
National Issue

This paper aims at studying O. Lototsky’s journalistic works during the revolutions of 1905-1907, 1917-1921 and the emigration of 1920-1930. The main focus is on the analysis of the position of Ukrainian lands in the imperial era and the Soviet period, as well as the vision of key problems and political prospects proposed in the articles of O. Lototsky. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. Both general scientific and special-historical methods are used in the study, namely: historical and comparative, problematic, research tools of the history of ideas (intellectual history) and biographistics. The scientific novelty of the research is determined by its focus on the analysis of the content of Lototsky’s journalistic works in the context of opportunities to solve the Ukrainian national issue in the conditions of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Conclusions. O. Lototsky’s creative legacy contains a significant amount of journalistic material. Their topics are diverse: from reviews of the economic situation of Ukrainian lands to the analysis of the state of educational institutions in the Russian Empire and the problems of the clergy. Considerable attention in these materials is devoted to the Ukrainian national issue. Due to O. Lototsky’s active social activity from 1906 to 1917, the topics of his essays frequently intertwined with the problems in which he was directly involved (for example, the status of the Ukrainian language and the abolition of bans on its use). The position of the Ukrainian lands as part of the Russian Empire and other states in the specified period was of his particular concern. During the emigrant era, the publicist continued to express his vision of the situation of Ukrainian territories within the USSR. The leading idea expressed in most of O. Lototsky’s materials of that period was that the state policy of both the Russian Empire and the USSR did not provide for the creation of an independent Ukrainian state, let alone support for Ukrainian culture. Given the historical experiences of the Ukrainian lands, O. Lototsky in the 1920s and 1930s was an active supporter of the creation of an independent state. O. Lototsky’s diverse creative legacy, his active social and political activities leave many more aspects for further elaboration, analysis, and determination of the significance of his heritage in the intellectual history of Ukraine and the Ukrainian movement.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Causes and Results of Subjection of Central Asian Khanates to the Russian Empire (1860—1890s)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-35
Author(s):  
I. I. Aminov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Legal Development ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Armed Intervention

The Russian Federation being currently a regional leader in strengthening Eurasian integration, it is necessary to remove contradictions concerning the interpretation of the history of Central Asia’s accedence 1 to the Russian Empire. Thus, it is indisputable that it was the Russian Empire that played a key role in the transition of the peoples of the Central Asian region, on the territory of which there were three major states — Bukhara Emirate, Kokand and Khiva Khanates, to a new level of civilizational, state and legal development.The paper not only touches upon the reasons, nature of the accession of the Central Asian states to the Russian Empire, but it also carries out a comprehensive analysis of the internal- and foreign-policy situation during the historical period under consideration. The totality of the circumstances makes it possible to answer the following questions: whether the Russian Empire under those conditions had an alternative to armed intervention; whether that intervention was carried out in accordance with the national interests of the peoples of Russia and Central Asia; what changes in the form of governance took place in Central Asian States after they lost political independence.

THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TOPIC "POLITICAL PARTIES AND PARTY SYSTEMS" IN THE COURSE OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Zalysin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the methodology of studying the topic "Political parties and party systems" in the process of studying political science. Its place in the course structure, goals and tasks that need to be solved when considering this topic are shown. The emphasis is placed on the most important and most complex concepts that cause cognitive difficulties for students. Recommendations are given for the consideration of such issues as the history of the emergence of political parties, the functions of parties in modern conditions, the types of parties and party systems. Special attention is paid to the study of the features of the party system in Russia, which is of great practical importance, since it is associated with the real political process, the participation of students in elections as voters, etc. Methodological techniques for analyzing party programs, the place of various parties in the political landscape of the Russian Federation are considered.

CATHEDRAL MOSQUE OF ST. PETERSBURG: THE HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION AND FATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Dadakhon Gadoev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article highlights the processes of construction of a mosque for Muslims by the Emir of Bukhara in the Northern capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. This article also describes on whose initiative the mosque was built, what unpleasant events the mosque experienced more than a century of its history, how during the reign of the atheist policyof the Soviet period, at the request of the society of "atheists", the majestic Cathedral mosque, which at one time was the main mosque of the Russian Empire, was transformed into a repository, and the current state of the mosque

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