Non-verbal means in the emotional speech of men and women

2021 ◽  
Vol IX(253) (45) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
A. T. Knyazyan ◽  
T. R. Margaryan
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Behavior ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Emotional Speech ◽  
Men And Women

Abstract. The article deals with non-verbal means of expression in the speech of men and women. The non-verbal behavior of women differs from that of men. In this regard, it is especially important to study the non-verbal components of communication, reflecting a person's emotional reactions. Various non-verbal communication components are used to express the emotional responses of both men and women. Emotions, like information, can be conveyed in one or more non-verbal ways.

The Therapist’s Reaction to a Patient’s Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Martin Wurst ◽  
Isabella Kunz ◽  
Gregory Skipper ◽  
Manfred Wolfersdorf ◽  
Karl H. Beine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

Background: A substantial proportion of therapists experience the loss of a patient to suicide at some point during their professional life. Aims: To assess (1) the impact of a patient’s suicide on therapists distress and well-being over time, (2) which factors contribute to the reaction, and (3) which subgroup might need special interventions in the aftermath of suicide. Methods: A 63-item questionnaire was sent to all 185 Psychiatric Clinics at General Hospitals in Germany. The emotional reaction of therapists to patient’s suicide was measured immediately, after 2 weeks, and after 6 months. Results: Three out of ten therapists suffer from severe distress after a patients’ suicide. The item “overall distress” immediately after the suicide predicts emotional reactions and changes in behavior. The emotional responses immediately after the suicide explained 43.5% of the variance of total distress in a regression analysis. Limitations: The retrospective nature of the study is its primary limitation. Conclusions: Our data suggest that identifying the severely distressed subgroup could be done using a visual analog scale for overall distress. As a consequence, more specific and intensified help could be provided to these professionals.

scholarly journals The Emotional Nature of Birth Family Relationships for Care-experienced and Adopted Young People: A Longitudinal Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2097843
Author(s):  
Montserrat Fargas-Malet ◽  
Dominic McSherry
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Adoption Research ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Birth Family ◽  
Theory Research

Research focused on relationships and contact with birth family for children and young people who were separated from them as infants has rarely acknowledged the emotional and dynamic nature of such interactions. Curiosity has been dominant in adoption research. However, in our longitudinal study of young people who entered care at a young age, a range of other feelings and combination of feelings emerged in the youths’ narratives, including contentment and mixed feelings such as anger, affection, loss, guilt, or worry. Type of placement, that is, whether the young people had been adopted, lived with kinship foster carers or non-relative foster parents, did not determine their emotional reactions to their birth family. The young people’s perspectives and emotions often changed over time. In this article, we describe the young people’s emotional responses to birth family, and highlight implications for theory, research, and practice.

scholarly journals The Effects of Earthquake Experience on Disaster Education for Children and Teens

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5347
Author(s):  
Da-Hye Yeon ◽  
Ji-Bum Chung ◽  
Dong-Hyeon Im
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Educational Effectiveness ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
School Students ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Disaster Education

The purpose of this study is to examine the factors of disaster experience that impact the effectiveness of disaster education on school students (children and teens). Following the magnitude 5.4 Pohang earthquake in 2017, Pohang City Hall conducted a school earthquake disaster education program over a period of four months (August to November) in 2018. Professors and graduate students from the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology taught around 5000 middle and high school students, while also conducting surveys. The experiences of the Pohang earthquake were analyzed and divided into cognitive responses and emotional responses. Students who felt activated emotional responses, surprise and fear, but not joy, tended to have more effective educational experiences. On the other hand, unpleasant emotional reactions, such as anger and sadness, had a negative effect on educational effectiveness. The cognitive response, which is perceived intensity in this research, did not impact educational effectiveness significantly. These results imply that the emotional responses of students are more important than their cognitive responses in providing a disaster education program. This means that even though an earthquake may be small in magnitude and may not cause physical damage, we still need to provide immediate disaster education to the children and teens if they are surprised and afraid of future disasters.

scholarly journals Clinician Emotional Response Toward Narcissistic Patients: A Preliminary Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annalisa Tanzilli ◽  
Antonello Colli ◽  
Laura Muzi ◽  
Vittorio Lingiardi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Therapist Response

Patients with narcissistic personality disorder are among the most difficult to treat in therapy, especially for their strong resistance to treatment and several difficulties in establishing a therapeutic relationship characterized by intimacy, safety, and trust. In particular, therapists’ emotional responses to these patients can be particularly intense and frustrating, as reported in the clinical literature but rarely investigated empirically.The aims of this preliminary study were: 1) to examine the associations between patients’ narcissistic personality disorder and distinct therapists’ countertransference patterns; and 2) to verify whether these clinicians’ emotional reactions were influenced by their theoretical orientation (as well as gender and age).A national sample of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists (N = 250) completed the Therapist Response Questionnaire (TRQ) to identify patterns of therapist emotional response, and the Shedler-Westen Assessment Procedure-200 (SWAP-200) to assess personality disorder and level of psychological functioning in a patient currently in their care and with whom they had worked for a minimum of eight sessions and a maximum of 6 months (one session per week).From the complete therapist sample, we identified a subgroup (N = 35) of patients with narcissistic personality disorder, and we found that this personality pathology was positively associated with criticized/mistreated and disengaged countertransference, but negatively associated with positive therapist response. Moreover, our results confirmed that the relationship between patients’ narcissistic personality disorder and therapists’ emotional responses was not dependent on clinicians’ theoretical approach (as well as their age and gender).These findings are consistent with clinical observations, as well as some empirical contributions, and have meaningful implications for clinical practice of patients suffering from this challenging pathology.

scholarly journals ERP Evidence for a Sex-Specific Stroop Effect in Emotional Speech

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annett Schirmer ◽  
Sonja A. Kotz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Behavioral Effect ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Emotional Speech ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Task Irrelevant

The present study investigated the interaction of emotional prosody and word valence during emotional comprehension in men and women. In a prosody-word interference task, participants listened to positive, neutral, and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral, and angry prosody. Participants were asked to rate word valence while ignoring emotional prosody, or vice versa. Congruent stimuli were responded faster and more accurately as compared to incongruent emotional stimuli. This behavioral effect was more salient for the word valence task than for the prosodic task and was comparable between men and women. The event-related potentials (ERPs) revealed a smaller N400 amplitude for congruent as compared to emotionally incongruent stimuli. This ERP effect, however, was significant only for the word valence judgment and only for female listeners. The present data suggest that the word valence judgment was more difficult and more easily influenced by task-irrelevant emotional information than the prosodic task in both men and women. Furthermore, although emotional prosody and word valence may have a similar influence on an emotional judgment in both sexes, ERPs indicate sex differences in the underlying processing. Women, but not men, show an interaction between prosody and word valence during a semantic processing stage.

SLEEP LOSS EFFECTS ON AFFECTIVE RESPONSES OF WOMEN AND MEN USING ECG CHARACTERISTICS

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (05) ◽  
pp. 1750032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ateke Goshvarpour ◽  
Atefeh Goshvarpour ◽  
Ataollah Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Affective Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Normal Sleep ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Physiological Reactions

Sleep deprivation adversely affects the psychological and physiological functions, but little information about the effects of poor sleeping on the emotional responses of individuals are available. In the present study, the effect of one night insufficient sleep on the emotional responses to visual stimuli was appraised using electrocardiogram (ECG) measures. We also tested the hypothesis that men and women differ in affective response, considering the sleep quantity. ECG signals of university students (20 men and 20 women) were recorded while viewing affective pictures. Images were selected from the International Affective Picture System and categorized as happy, fear, sadness, and relax. The data were characterized using 14 time- and frequency-based features. The Wilcoxon statistical test was applied to examine significant differences between two groups of insufficient and normal sleep. A significant effect of ECG parameters was observed in deficient sleep on the emotional responses. Mode, RMS, and mean power show the largest effect size in all affective states. Among the affective states, the most significant differences between the two groups were perceived while watching sad and relaxed pictures. In addition, analysis of affective ECG measures in men and women distinctly revealed that lack of sleeping is more pronounced in men. Sleep is associated with the emotional responses. Our results confirmed the effect of gender on affective physiological reactions.

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Probabilistic Framework for Recognizing Learners’ Interaction Experience Trends and Emotions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imène Jraidi ◽  
Maher Chaouachi ◽  
Claude Frasson
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Dynamic Bayesian Network ◽  
Dynamic Structure ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Interactive Learning Environment ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Current Context ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

We seek to model the users’ experience within an interactive learning environment. More precisely, we are interested in assessing the relationship between learners’ emotional reactions and three trends in the interaction experience, namely,flow: the optimal interaction (a perfect immersion within the task),stuck: the nonoptimal interaction (a difficulty to maintain focused attention), andoff-task: the noninteraction (a dropout from the task). We propose a hierarchical probabilistic framework using a dynamic Bayesian network to model this relationship and to simultaneously recognize the probability of experiencing each trend as well as the emotional responses occurring subsequently. The framework combines three modalitydiagnostic variablesthat sense the learner’s experience including physiology, behavior, and performance,predictive variablesthat represent the current context and the learner’s profile, and adynamic structurethat tracks the evolution of the learner’s experience. An experimental study, with a specifically designed protocol for eliciting the targeted experiences, was conducted to validate our approach. Results revealed that multiple concurrent emotions can be associated with the experiences of flow, stuck, and off-task and that the same trend can be expressed differently from one individual to another. The evaluation of the framework showed promising results in predicting learners’ experience trends and emotional responses.

scholarly journals Atmospherics and the establishment of long-term customer relationships in a retail environment

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-343
Author(s):  
I. Olivier ◽  
M. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Psychology ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Customer Relationships ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Physical Environmental Factors

With the current focus on establishing long-tenn customer relationships, the enhancement of the entire shopping experience and the role of atmosphere and the emotional reactions it elicits, are becoming increasingly important. Determining the factors that contribute to the creation of pleasant or unpleasant shopping experiences can influence future strategic planning. The focus of this study falls on the way that the physical environmental factors of a store, more specifically the environmental odour, affect consumers' emotional responses. This is discussed on the basis of environmental psychology, using certain research findings as well as theoretical models to shed more light on this topic.

scholarly journals Emotional Congruence and Judgments of Honesty and Bias

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander F. Danvers ◽  
Jing I. Hu ◽  
Makenzie J. O’Neil
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Black Man ◽  
Relational Contexts

Psychological and philosophical discussions typically understand honesty as reporting truth with propositional statements. In this model, emotions are often seen as irrelevant or a hindrance to honesty, because they can bias our reports. In relational contexts, however, emotions can provide information about deep-seated convictions. We report the results of a study (N = 827) finding that individuals whose emotional responses are congruent with their explicitly stated egalitarian positions are judged as significantly more honest and less prejudiced than those with incongruent emotional responses. This is seen in judgments of white male targets who have negative emotional responses to a black man, a gay man, and a female supervisor. These results suggest that emotional reactions provide information used when judging the honesty and bias of an individual.

Extraversion, sexual experience, and sexual emotions

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Marshall Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Sexual Experience ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Creation

Sex differences in motivation and emotional reactions to casual sex suggest that the links to extraversion, constraint, impulsivity-sensation seeking, and sexual behavior differ for men and women. Because both testosterone and dominance, and dominance and number of sex partners appear to correlate in men but not in women, it is plausible that testosterone is involved in the creation and maintenance of these sex differences in linkage among the behavioral subsystems involved in sexuality and extraversion.

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