scholarly journals First Report of Banana Bunchy Top Disease on Banana in Bengkulu.

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Mimi Sutrawati ◽  
Sempurna Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Banana Bunchy Top Virus ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Generative Phase ◽  
Banana Crops

Banana is a horticulture crop that has economic value and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. Banana production in Bengkulu province reached 259,748 quintals, then durian (110,387 quintals), tangerines (94,396 quintals) (BPS 2015). Banana bunchy top disease caused by Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) infection is considered the most crucial virus disease affecting yield losses of a banana plantation in Asia, Africa, and the South Pacific. However, the incidence and molecular characters of BBTV has never been reported in Bengkulu. This research aims to characterize symptom variations, disease incidence, and disease severity of BBTV infection in Bengkulu and virus detection using molecular methods by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Disease incidence of BBTV was measured based on field symptoms. The disease survey was conducted in Bengkulu city, Bengkulu Utara district, and Rejang Lebong district. The study showed that the incidence of BBTV in Bengkulu City, Bengkulu Utara, and Rejang Lebong ranged from 0% to 100%. The most common symptoms observed in the field involved vein clearing, upturned leaf, chlorotic, and ragged margins, reducing petiole length, distance, lamina width, and stunting. Banana crops that are infected with BBTV in the vegetative phase will not produce fruit. In contrast, viral infection in the generative phase causes the formation of stunted fruit that is not suitable for harvesting. Thus, the potential loss of yield due to stunted disease can reach 100%. This study's results are the first reports of BBTV infection in banana crops in Bengkulu. Disease diagnosis will form the basis of disease control strategies in banana crops.

scholarly journals FIRST REPORT OF Begomovirus INFECTION ON PAPAYA IN BENGKULU, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Mimi Sutrawati ◽  
Parwito Parwito ◽  
Priyatiningsih Priyatiningsih ◽  
Agustin Zarkani ◽  
Sipriyadi Sipriyadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Universal Primer ◽  
First Report ◽  
Begomovirus Infection ◽  
Transcriptional Activator Protein ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Identification And Characterization

A field survey was conducted during 2019, we found a severe systemic yellow mosaic, striped green mosaic on leaves petiole, green spots on the fruit of papaya, leaf malformation, and stunting symptoms on three papaya cultivation area in Rejang Lebong, Kepahiang, Bengkulu Tengah, and Seluma, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. A begomo-like virus was inferred to be the possible cause of the virus-disease-like symptoms. The study aimed to identify the causal of those typical symptoms on papaya. PCR using universal primer for transcriptional activator protein (TrAp) and replication-associated protein (Rep) gene of Begomovirus successfully amplified the DNA fragments of 900 bp in all 10 detected samples, except for samples with leaf malformation and stunting symptoms. It is indicating that those typical symptoms on papaya is associated with Begomovirus infection, while the causal of leaf malformation and stunting is unknown yet. This work is the first report of Begomovirus infected papaya in Indonesia. Severe disease incidence caused by this pathogen was observed on papaya plants in Bengkulu Province that was in the range of 42–100%. This finding is a precious information to be used for identification, and characterization the species of the virus, determining control strategies against the disease.

scholarly journals Incidence and distribution of Sweetpotato viruses and their implication on sweetpotato seed system in Malawi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard Mbewe ◽  
Andrew Mtonga ◽  
Margret Chiipanthenga ◽  
Kennedy Masamba ◽  
Gloria Chitedze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Membrane Enzyme ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Seed System ◽  
Clean Seed

AbstractA survey was carried out in 19 districts to investigate the prevalence and distribution of sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) and its implication on the sustainability of clean seed system in Malawi. A total of 166 leaf samples were collected and tested for the presence of 8 viruses using nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (NCM-ELISA). SPVD foliar symptoms were observed in 68.42% of the surveyed districts. There were significant variations in disease incidence and severity (p < 0.001) among districts, with the highest incidence in Mulanje (28.34%). Average SPVD severity score was 3.05. NCM-ELISA detected sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, 30.54%), sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV, 31.14%), sweet potato mild speckling virus (SPMSV, 16.17%), sweet potato C-6 virus (SPC6V, 13.77%), sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV, 22.16%), sweet potato collusive virus (SPCV, 30.54%), sweet potato virus G (SPVG, 11.38%), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, 7.78%) either in single or mixed infections. Data from this study indicate a significant SPVD occurrence in the country, and the consequence implications towards national sweetpotato seed system.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Molecular Diagnostic Assays to Investigate Fusarium Dry Rot in Potato Stocks and Soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1462-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Cullen ◽  
I. K. Toth ◽  
Y. Pitkin ◽  
N. Boonham ◽  
K. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Final Harvest

Specific and sensitive quantitative diagnostics, based on real-time (TaqMan) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were developed to detect dry-rot-causing Fusarium spp. (F. avenaceum, F. coeruleum, F. culmorum, and F. sulphureum). Each assay detected Fusarium spp. on potato seed stocks with equal efficiency. Four potato stocks, sampled over two seed generations from Scottish stores, were contaminated with F. avenaceum, F. sulphureum, F. culmorum, F. coeruleum or a combination of species, and there was a general trend towards increased Fusarium spp. contamination in the second generation of seed sampled. F. sulphureum and F. coeruleum caused significantly (P < 0.05) more disease in storage than the other species when disease-free tubers of potato cvs. Spunta and Morene were inoculated at a range of inoculum concentrations (0, 104, 105, and 106 conidia/ml). Increased DNA levels were correlated with increased disease severity between 8 and 12 weeks of storage. The threshold inoculum levels resulting in significant disease development on both cultivars were estimated to be 104 conidia/ml for F. sulphureum and 105 conidia/ml for F. coeruleum. To study the effect of soil infestation and harvest date on disease incidence, seed tubers of cvs. Morene and Spunta were planted in a field plot artificially infested with the four Fusarium spp. F. culmorum and F. sulphureum were detected in soil taken from these plots at harvest, and F. sulphureum DNA levels increased significantly (P < 0.05) at the final harvest. All four Fusarium spp. were detected in progeny tubers. There was a trend toward higher levels of F. culmorum detected in progeny tubers at the earliest harvest date, and higher levels of F. sulphureum at the final harvest. The use of diagnostic assays to detect fungal storage rot pathogens and implications for disease control strategies are discussed.

Control strategies for sweet potato virus disease in Africa

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Gibson ◽  
Valentine Aritua ◽  
Emmanuel Byamukama ◽  
Isaac Mpembe ◽  
James Kayongo
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Potato Virus Disease ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus Disease

scholarly journals Production of polyclonal antisera using recombinant coat proteins of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 and Grapevine virus B

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1405-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Radaelli ◽  
Thor Vinícius Martins Fajardo ◽  
Osmar Nickel ◽  
Marcelo Eiras ◽  
Gilvan Pio-Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Grapevine Virus ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Grapevine Virus B ◽  
Polyclonal Antisera ◽  
Infected Grapevine

The objective of this work was to produce and characterize specific antisera against Brazilian isolates of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GLRaV-2) and Grapevine virus B (GVB), developed from expressed coat proteins (CPs) in Escherichia coli, and to test their possible use for the detection of these two viruses in diseased grapevines. The coat protein (CP) genes were RT-PCR-amplified, cloned and sequenced. The CP genes were subsequently subcloned, and the recombinant plasmids were used to transform E. coli cells and express the coat proteins. The recombinant coat proteins were purified, and their identities were confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot and used for rabbit immunizations. Antisera raised against these proteins were able to recognize the corresponding recombinant proteins in Western blots and to detect GLRaV-2 and GVB in infected grapevine tissues, by indirect ELISA, discriminating healthy and infected grapevines with absorbances (A405) of 0.08/1.15 and 0.12/1.30, respectively. Expressing CP genes can yield high amount of viral protein with high antigenicity, and GLRaV-2 and GVB antisera obtained in this study can allow reliable virus disease diagnosis.

scholarly journals Primary Research of the Advantages and the Cost Control of the ABC & EVA Integrated System

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Haibo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Integrated Cost ◽  
The Cost

The integrated product of Activity-Based Costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) is the ABC & EVA system, i.e. the integrated cost system. Traditional ABC method gives priority to the interior activity chain of enterprise to implement the cost analysis, but ignores the capital cost, so the cost accounting is not complete. The ABC & EVA system brings the capital cost into the cost management, which could not only open out the real economic value created by the cost objects, but extend the pure cost computation of ABC to the performance evaluation. Based on the principle of the ABC & EVA system, the enterprise cost control strategies under the integrated cost system are proposed.

scholarly journals High risk of relapsed disease in patients with NK/T cell chronic active Epstein-Barr virus disease outside of Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blachy J Dávila Saldaña ◽  
Tami D John ◽  
Challice L Bonifant ◽  
David Buchbinder ◽  
Sharat Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Curative Therapy ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Relapsed Disease

Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) disease (CAEBV) is characterized by high levels of EBV predominantly in T and/or NK cells with lymphoproliferation, organ failure due to infiltration of tissues with virus-infected cells, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and/or lymphoma. The disease is more common in Asia than in the United States and Europe. While allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is considered the only curative therapy for CAEBV, its efficacy and the best treatment modality to reduce disease severity prior to HSCT is unknown. Here, we retrospectively assessed an international cohort of 57 patients outside of Asia. Treatment for the disease varied widely, although most patients ultimately proceeded to HSCT. Though patients undergoing HSCT had better survival than those who did not (55% v 25%, p&lt;0.01), there was still a high rate of death in both groups. Mortality was largely not affected by age, ethnicity, cell type involvement, or disease complications, but development of lymphoma showed a trend with increased mortality (56% v 35%, p=0.1). The overwhelming majority (75%) of patients who died after HSCT succumbed to relapsed disease. CAEBV remains challenging to treat when advanced disease is present. Outcomes would likely improve with better disease control strategies, earlier referral for HSCT, and close follow-up after HSCT including aggressive management of rising EBV DNA levels in the blood.

scholarly journals Deterministic Epidemic Models for Ebola Infection with Time-Dependent Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eric Okyere ◽  
Johnson De-Graft Ankamah ◽  
Anthony Kodzo Hunkpe ◽  
Dorcas Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hamiltonian Function ◽  
Epidemic Models ◽  
Adjoint Equations ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Control Analysis

In this paper, we have studied epidemiological models for Ebola infection using nonlinear ordinary differential equations and optimal control theory. We considered optimal control analysis of SIR and SEIR models for the deadly Ebola infection using vaccination, treatment, and educational campaign as time-dependent control functions. We have applied indirect methods to study existing deterministic optimal control epidemic models for Ebola virus disease. These methods in optimal control are based on Hamiltonian function and Pontryagin’s maximum principle to construct adjoint equations and optimality systems. The forward-backward sweep numerical scheme with the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to solve the optimality system for the various control strategies. From our numerical illustrations, we can conclude that effective educational campaigns and vaccination of susceptible individuals as well as effective treatments of infected individuals can help reduce the disease transmission.

Genetic analysis of Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus disease resistance in wild relative of okra Abelmoschus angulosus Wall. ex Wight & Arn

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 346-351
Author(s):  
SamanthiKumari Wasala ◽  
Sumudu I. Senevirathne ◽  
Jayantha Bandara Senanayake ◽  
Anuradini Navoditha
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Yellow Vein ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus ◽  
Progress Curve

AbstractWild relative of okra, Abelmoschus angulosus Wall. ex Wight &amp; Arn. was identified as a resistant germplasm for Okra Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus (OYVMV) which is the devastating disease for okra cultivation in Sri Lanka. The mode of resistance of OYVMV in A. angulosus was studied with the aim of tagging responsible genes for the disease resistance. Wide hybridization was performed between A. angulosus and highly virus susceptible A. esculentus variety, MI-7. Very poor seed setting was observed in F1 and F2 generations due to post zygotic abortion. Disease screening was carried out using F1 and F2:3 populations along with parents in the field under induced disease pressure. Disease severity index and area under disease progress curve were calculated to measure disease severity. Number of genes segregating for OYVMV disease resistance was calculated for the F2:3 generation. Modified Wright's formula was used to estimate the effective gene number and mode of inheritance by a quantitative method. A χ2 test was performed for qualitative analysis. Plants of A. angulosus were totally free of virus incidence while 100% disease incidence was observed in the variety MI-7. F2:3 population showed between and within progeny segregation for disease incidence. Results indicated that the disease susceptibility was dominant over resistance. χ2 analysis revealed that the segregation of disease severity was significantly fit to the gene model of 9:6:1 (χ2 = 0.1757 at P ≤ 0.05) suggesting the disease resistance in A. angulosus is governing by two recessive genes in an additive manner. Result was confirmed by the quantitative analysis.

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