scholarly journals Ураження цукрових буряків церкоспорозом у короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні за різних доз добрив під культуру

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Diagnosis Of Diseases

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки, на ураженість рослин культури церкоспорозом у короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні. Встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах південно-східного Лісостепу за вирощування цукрових буряків у короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні за застосування під цукрові буряки добрив у дозах 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180 кг/га д.р. мінеральних добрив, 25 т/га гною + N135Р180К135 кг/га д.р. мінеральних добрив та 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 кг/га д.р. мінеральних добрив інтенсивність розвитку церкоспорозу була суттєво нижчою порівняно з контролем без добрив (відповідно 51,9; 48,1 і 50,0 % проти 68,1%). Diseases of sugar beet cause significant damage to beet-eating farms, because potential losses from them can exceed 20 %, and in some years – up to 50–60 % or more. In order to prevent significant deficiencies and losses of sugar beet crops, considerable attention should be paid to timely diagnosis of diseases in plants, to know the bioecological features of the development of their pathogens, the source of primary and secondary infections. It will enable the scientifically substantiated implementation of protective measures that improve the culture and are aimed at limiting and preventing the deve-lopment of individual diseases during plant growth. All it testifies to the relevance of research into the effects of various doses of fertilizers introduced on sugar beet, on the damage to plants of this culture by a clercosporosis, which is considered one of the most common leafy diseases of beets in the zone of insufficient moisture. The article presents the results of studies on the effects of various doses of fertilizers introduced on sugar beet, on the infestation of plants of culture by cercosporosus in short-term fruit-bearing crop rotation. It was established that in the zone of insufficient humidification in the conditions of South-Eastern Forest-Steppe for growing sugar beet in short-rotation fertile crop rotation for application at sugar beet fertilizers at doses of 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 kg/ha d.r. mineral fertilizers, 25 t/ha manure + N135Р180К135 kg/ha d.r. mineral fertilizers and 50 t/ha manure + N90P120K90 kg/ha d.r. the mineral fertilizers, the intensity of the development of cercosporosus was significantly lower compared to the control without fertilizers, respectively, 51.9, 48.1 % and 50.0 % vs. 68. 1%.

The Fertilizer Systems Efficiency in a Short-Term Crop Rotation in the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Kirilesko Aleksei ◽  
Khomina Veronika ◽  
Stroianovskyi Vasyl ◽  
Chyncnyk Oleksandr
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Energy Estimation

Abstract The results of energy estimation of a crop rotation link in the western part of Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that all proposed fertilizer systems are effective in terms of energy storage. It is proved that the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers increases Kee indices by a factor of 1.2.

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stable Forms

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

The efficiency of the crop rotations with short rotation with different levels of their saturation of cereals and crops in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
R. Holod ◽  
О. Bilinska ◽  
H. Shubala
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
Green Manure Crops

There were analyzed and disclosed the basic components of arable farming systems and their Meaning, the current state and scientific principles in the context of the further development of field crop cultivation in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. The purpose of research. To study an effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Results. The results of researches on study of productivity of four-field crop rotations with short rotation depending on their saturation by the grain and tilled cultures, of various use of mineral fertilizers, green manure crops and collateral products which were conducted during 2014-2015 in the stationary experiment of the scientific and technological department of plant growing and arable farming, of the TDSGDS of the IKSGP of NAAN are resulted In the article. The elements of the biologization of farming are the basis of our development of crop rotations with short rotation. The study of the effect of green manure crops and collateral products in four-field crop rotations with a different set of crops on the change of soil fertility and productivity of crop rotations as a whole was carried out to this purpose. According to the results of the research, is provided the information on the effectiveness of improving the field crop rotations with short rotation with varying degrees of saturation by grain and tilled crops, that ensure the production of environmentally friendly products, reducing the cost of grain, improving the quality of marketable products. The study of the effect of alternation of crop in crop rotation in conditions of brief rotation on the soil water regime, productivity and economic efficiency showed that an increase in crop rotation productivity is observed in short-rotation crop rotations, if they are saturated by grain crops up to 100%, cereals crops reduction to 50% in crop rotations contributes to a decrease in crop productivity. Conclusion. Thus, the results of the research showed that with the correct construction of short rotational crop rotations, such problems as rational use of nutrients and soil moisture, control of weeds and pests of agricultural crops, improvement of the physical and chemical properties of the soil, increased efficiency in the use of fertilizers and equipment, Cheapening of the received agricultural product may be solved.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals Agro-economic substantiation of the feasibility of green manured fallow in sugar beet crop rotations of the Central Chernozem Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Alexander Akimenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Sviridov ◽  
Tatiana Dudkina
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
Central Chernozem Region ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
Absolute Decrease ◽  
Central Chernozem

The aim of the study is to find out the feasibility of including green manured fallow in specialized sugar beet crop rotations by comparing necessary assessment indicators with their values in a traditional crop rotation with black fallow against the background of unequal fertilization levels. The study was based on the analysis of experimental data from a long-term stationary experiment, laid out simultaneously in all fields and variants on typical chernozem in triplicate. The results are as follows: within the same fertilization levels, no significant differences in the yield of winter wheat (sugar beet precursor) were revealed, and the yield of sugar beet in a crop rotation with green manured fallow was stably higher (no more than 5 to 7%), an increase in yield relative to the control fertilizer variant (6 tons of manure per hectare per year) against the background of a double rate of manure in combination with mineral fertilizers amounted to 21.7 to 23.4% for wheat and 14.3 to 15.6% for beets with an increase in the productivity of crop rotations (in natural and value terms) by 1.2 times, but an increase in costs by 1.3 times caused an absolute decrease in the level of profitability by 23 to 25%. Differences in the assessment indicators for specific fertilization variants increased over time due to an unequal degree of soil fertility reproduction, and therefore in the fifth cycle of the crop rotation with black fallow turned out to be 1.1 to 1.3 times greater than in the green manured rotation.

scholarly journals Efficiency of fertilization systems in the short crop rotation of the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
A. L. Kyrylesko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Energy Estimation ◽  
Energy Accumulation ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Western Ukraine

The results of the energy assessment of the crop rotation chain in the Forest-Steppe of the Western Ukraine, humus balance in the soil, nitrogen circulation and plant residues are presented. It has been established that all the proposed fertilization systems are effective in terms of energy accumulation. It has been proved that application of mineral fertilizers in combination with organic fertilizers increases Kee values by 1.2 times. The results of energy estimation of a crop rotation link in the northern part of Forest Steppe of Ukraine are presented. It is established that effective in terms of the energy accumulation are all the proposed fertilizer systems. It is proved that the application of mineral fertilizers in the combination with organic ones increases Kee indices 1.2 times.

POTASSIUM BALANCE IN THE SOIL AND THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POTASSIUM DEFICIENCY SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Н. M. Hospodarenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Heavy Loam ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Right

The influence of long-term application of different doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers in field crop rotation on the content of basic nutrients in grain and straw of spring barley has been established. The study was held in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The relative nutrients removal by spring barley depending on the doses of different types of fertilizers and their combinations in the field crop rotation is calculated. It is shown that the content of basic nutrients in the harvest of spring barley (grain and straw) significantly depends on the content of their mobile compounds in the soil. This is especially true of nitrogen and less of potassium. Economic removal of nutrients from the grain harvest of spring barley depends on the doses of fertilizers in the field crop rotation and the ratio of nutrients in them. The largest share is nitrogen (65–122 kg / ha), followed by K2O - 47–92 and P2O5 26–51 kg / ha. From 1 ton of grain and the corresponding amount of straw, spring barley of the Commander variety removes 19.2–22.4 kg of nitrogen, 7.8–9.2 - P2O5 and 14.0–16.8 kg of K2O from the soil, depending on the fertilizer and saturation of field crop rotation with different types of fertilizers. Straw is an important source of soil organic matter reproduction and the return of nutrients used for crop formation. Depending on the system of fertilization, 17–25% of nitrogen, 25–30% of phosphorus and 68–69% of potassium are returned to the soil with spring barley straw via economic removal. It is specified that spring barley of the Commander variety absorbs N, P2O5 and K2O in the following ratio: 1: 0,4: 0,3 to form a unit of grain yield and the corresponding amount of straw in the conditions of podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe.

scholarly journals Elements of biologization to ensure high energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet growing under the conditions of the Podillia

Bioenergy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Voitova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Right

Purpose. To study the ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizer grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture, the right-Bank forest-Steppe. Methods. Laboratory and field, statistical. Results. The results of studies on ways of improving energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet cultivation based on the biological system of fertilizers in grain-beet crop rotations under the conditions of sufficient moisture in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe are presented, which included technology for sustainable cultivation of sugar beet under the conditions of an acute shortage of organic fertilizers. The technology includes the following elements of biologization: straw, green manure biomass was used as an alternative organic fertilizer directly under sowing of pre-crop. The positive results of increasing energy and economic efficiency of sugar beet is shown. Conclusions. In the acute shortage of organic fertilizers, it is required to use mineral fertilizers and basic elements of biologization, such as green manure, crop residues, and perennial grasses and legumes as pre-crops. This will contribute to the increase in the value of the gross output of feedstock, energy-economic viability and sustainability of agricultural systems in agronomic sense.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE PREDECESSORS ON ELEMENTS OF FERTILITY SOILS AND EFFICIENCY SUMMER WHEATS IN A STEPPE ZONE OF REPUBLIC ТUVА

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
А.С. СОТПА
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Average Productivity ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Nitrite Nitrogen

Проблема и цель. Целью исследований явилось изучение влияния предшественников и применения минеральных удобрений на основные элементы плодородия почвы, урожай яровой пшеницы и его качества. Методология. Для достижения цели исследования и ответа на поставленные исследовательские вопросы было проведено опытно-экспериментальное исследование. Опыты проведены в степной зоне Республики Тыва в 2019-2020 гг., на темно-каштановых, среднесуглинистых почвах, в трехпольном севообороте с короткой ротацией (чистый пар-пшеница-пшеница; чистый пар-многолетние травы-пшеница; чистый пар-овес-пшеница), бессменная пшеница, на двух фонах химизации: без применения минеральных удобрений (контроль, фон 0), с применением минеральных удобрений (фон 1). Результаты. Результаты исследований показали, что влажность почвы по чистому пару по всходам яровой пшеницы была на 16,5 % больше, чем после других предшественников. В период уборки пшеницы влажность почвы повысилась только на вариантах с применением минеральных удобрений. Выявлено, что в период вегетации пшеницы наибольшее содержание нитратного азота отмечено после многолетних трав, где азота нитратов было на 3,3-4,7 мг/кг больше, чем на контроле. Внесение минеральных удобрений способствовало росту содержания нитратного азота в почве к фазе всходов на 8,3-38,0 %, кущения и уборки – в 1,2-1,7 раза, в зависимости от различных предшественников. Заключение. В результате исследований было установлено, что высокое содержание азота в почве влияет на урожайность и продуктивность яровой пшеницы. При использовании в качестве предшественника многолетних трав средняя урожайность яровой пшеницы составляет 1,63 т/га, содержание белка в зерне – 16,6 %. Посев яровой пшеницы после овса обеспечивает получение зерна с содержанием белка – 15,4 %. Применение удобрений увеличивает урожайность пшеницы в среднем по опыту на 34,2 %. Problem and aim. By the purpose of researches was to establish infuence of the predecessors, application of mineral fertilizers on basic elements of fertility of ground, crop summer wheats and his quality. Methodology. To achieve the aim of the research and answer the questions an experimental study was carried out.The experiences are carried out in a steppe zone Republic of Тuvа in 2019-2020, on dark-chestnut, medium loamy soils, in three-feld crop rotation with short rotation (pure pairs-wheat-wheat; pure pair-longterm grass-wheat; pure pairs-oat-wheat) permanent wheat, on two chemistry backgrounds: without application of mineral fertilizers (control, background 0), with application of mineral fertilizers (background 1). Results. The results of researches have shown, that the humidity of ground till a pure pair on shoots summer wheats was on 16,5 % more, than after other predecessors. During harvest wheats the humidity of ground has raised only on variants with application of mineral fertilizers. It was found that during the growing season of wheat, the highest content of nitrate nitrogen was observed after long-term grasses where nitrite nitrogen was higher by 3,3 – 4,7 mg/kg than in the control. Is revealed, that the best predecessor ensuring nitrate by nitrogen crops summer wheats, in conditions of a steppe zone of region are the long-term grass. The entering of mineral fertilizers promoted growth of the contents nitrate of nitrogen in ground to a phase shoots on 8,3- 38,0 %, (tillering?) and harvesting - in 1,2-1,7 times, depending on the various predecessors. Conclusion. As a result of research it was found, that the high contents of nitrogen in ground infuences productivity and efciency summer wheats. At use as the predecessor of long-term grass the average productivity summer wheats makes 1,63 t/hа, contents of fber in a grain – 16,6 %. The crop summer wheats after oats provides reception of a grain with the contents of fber – 15,4 %. Application of fertilizers increases productivity wheats on the average by experience by 34,2 %

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