scholarly journals QUALITY STATUS OF WHEAT SEED IN EASTERN INDIA AND THE EARLY VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN RELATION TO SIZE OF SEED

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Ranjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status

Wheat crop in the North Eastern Plain Zone (IGP) of India, is the part of one of the largest agricultural production systems viz., rice-wheat rotation, occupying more than 11 million ha. The yield potential of wheat in the North Eastern Plains Zone of India is about 4.5 tons per hectare but generally, farmers realize a yield of only 2.2 tons per hectare. Seed replacement rate of wheat in different eastern states has also been quite low. A study was initiated at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Pusa (Samastipur) in 2014-15 to evaluate germination and seedling growth parameters of wheat grown from seeds of varying size. Experiments were conducted on quality evaluation of different seed grades of bread wheat available to the farmers for sowing to study the status of quality vis-à-vis size grading and what is its effect on germination and early dry matter gain with two objectives of this investigation. First, to assess the physical quality of wheat seed available to farmers in North Eastern Plains Zone (which is also known as lower Gangetic plains) in terms of seed size and seed grading and second, to determine the relationships between seed size on one hand and germination and seedling developmental and biomass traits on the other. This paper presents the results of an enquiry into the status vis-à-vis seed grading, of seed lots of wheat which are available to farmers for sowing with the aim of estimating the extent to which the quality of wheat seed can be improved by merely grading and to establish the relation between seed size and crop establishment. From the results of this study, it can be inferred that 67.97% of area in North eastern plains zone (NEPZ) of India is sown with seed either saved by farmers or obtained locally. Use of sub-standard seed may be counted prime among many factors responsible for low productivity of wheat in lower Gangetic plains. Only seeds from authentic sources were found to be properly graded. It was also observed that wheat seed supplied by registered companies are as good in terms of grading and germination as seeds supplied by government organizations including national and state seed corporations. Graded seeds not only have higher germination ability but also higher seedling vigour in terms of dry matter gain in seedlings during early vegetative growth phase.

scholarly journals Status of Fisheries Resources and Water Quality of Tanguar Haor

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106
Author(s):  
SA Mamun ◽  
S Roy ◽  
MS Rahaman ◽  
M Jahan ◽  
MS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
North Eastern Part ◽  
Recommended Level

The study was conducted to observe the status of fisheries resource of Tanguar haor, one of the large wetland in the north eastern part of Bangladesh. For this purpose the whole study was completed in two parts: interviewing with local people and analyzing the water quality. Indiscriminate harvesting of mother fishes, use of agrochemicals, sedimentation on haor basin and habitat destruction were found as major causes of fisheries resources degradation in the study area. Most of the water quality parameters were found good which were within the standard level set by Government of Bangladesh for fisheries. However, EC and TDS were found higher than the recommended level for fish production.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22048 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 103-106 2013

The influence of seed size and depth of sowing on pre-emergence and early vegetative growth of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.)

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JN Black
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Pot Culture

Changes in the pre-emergence distribution of dry matter in subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) variety Bacchus Marsh were followed at 21°C, using three sizes of seed and three depths of sowing, ½, 1¼, and 2 in. Decreasing seed size and increasing depth of sowing both reduce the weight of the cotyledons a t emergence. Seed of the three sizes were sown a t three depths in pot culture a t staggered intervals so that emergence was simultaneous. Dry weight in the early vegetative stage was proportional to seed size, and total leaf area and leaf numbers showed similar trends. Plants of each seed size grew at the same relative rate. No effect of depth of sowing could be detected, and this was shown to be due to the cotyledon area a t emergence being constant for any given seed size, regardless of varying depth of sowing and hence of cotyledon weight. It was concluded that seed size in a plant having epigeal germination and without endosperm is of importance: firstly, in limiting the maximum hypocotyl elongation and hence depth of sowing, and secondly, in determining cotyledon area. Cotyledon area in turn influences seedling growth, which is not affected by cotyledon weight. Once emergence has taken place, cotyledonary reserves are of no further significance in the growth of the plants.

Effects of 2017 Early Flash Flooding on Agriculture in Haor Areas of Sunamganj

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
S Mondal ◽  
L Akter ◽  
HJ Hiya ◽  
MA Farukh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Boro Rice

The Sunamganj district is covered by major Haor systems in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh. Flash flood is the most commonly occurring water related disaster in the Haor areas. During the flash flood it is very common that people lost their primary agricultural productions which are the only source of their livelihood. The present study focuses on the effects of 2017 early flash flooding on rice and fish production of Sunamganj Haor areas. The flood caused enormous damage to agriculture such as rice especially Boro rice and fish production on which the Haor dwellers rely upon for their livelihood. The total affected land of Boro rice cultivation in Haors of Sunamganj was 149,224 hectare and the total amount of damaged rice was 393,855 metric ton (MT). The total number of affected farmers was 315,084. The early flash flood also affects the quality of Haor water which caused the death of fishes. The total amount of damaged fish was 49.75 MT and the loss was 158.70 lakh taka. The total number of affected fishermen was 44,445. This findings could be very useful for the environmental scientists to predict the probable future effects on agricultural production due to early flash flood events in Sunamganj Haors areas. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 117-125, 2019

Implication of SASEC Tourism Initiatives on North Eastern States of India

2017 ◽  
pp. 34-52
Author(s):  
Supriya Dam
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Look

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.

Implication of SASEC Tourism Initiatives on North Eastern States of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 690-709
Author(s):  
Supriya Dam
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
International Borders ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Look

India's North Eastern Region (NER) stretches from the foothills of the Himalayas in the eastern range and is surrounded by international borders with countries like Bangladesh, Bhutan, China (Tibet Autonomous Region), Nepal, and Myanmar. The landlocked region is constrained by a brief spell of insurgency, and dismal unemployment has affected the region's progress since 1947. The advent of the Look East Policy coupled with a number of South Asia sub-regional arrangements with neighboring countries opened a “Pandora's Box” for this region. The SASEC initiatives of ADB helped to improve the status of tourism and infrastructure, including roads, air connectivity, and also opened cross-border land routes and roads within the North East (NE). The present study takes stock of tourism development from a sustainability perspective and examines the implementation of the SASEC tourism project in eight NE States of India with a view to suggest priority areas for action for promotion of tourism in this region.

Seed-Mediated Gene Flow in Wheat: Seed Bank Longevity in Western Canada

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan L. Nielson ◽  
Marc A. McPherson ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Viable Seed ◽  
Wheat Seed

Development of genetically modified (GM) wheat has raised concerns about the movement and persistence of transgenes in agroecosystems and the ability of growers to segregate GM from conventional wheat. Wheat as a crop has been studied extensively but the population biology of volunteer wheat is not well characterized. Artificial seed bank studies were conducted in western Canada to provide baseline data on volunteer wheat seed persistence. Seed from two cultivars of Canadian western red spring wheat, ‘AC Splendor’ and ‘AC Superb’, were buried in mesh bags at three depths (0, 2, and 15 cm) in two different environments in the fall of 2003 and 2004. In addition, in 2004, ‘AC Superb’ seed were separated into small and large seed lots and buried with a medium seed lot to examine the influence of seed size on seed bank persistence. Seeds were withdrawn at intervals to assess seed germination and viability and regression analysis conducted on the viable seed at each sample period, after burial. Seed viability was variable within years and sites, and declined exponentially over time. In the spring, approximately 6 mo after initiation, viable seed ranged from 1 to 43%. With the exception of a single site and year, seeds on the soil surface persisted significantly longer than buried seeds and increasing burial depth accelerated loss of viability. The maximum viability of wheat seeds at 0, 2, and 15 cm depth in the spring following planting was 43, 7, and 2%, respectively. The extinction of viability for 99% (EX99) of the seed was estimated from regression analysis. The EX99values of seeds buried at 0, 2, and 15 cm ranged from 493 to 1,114, 319 to 654, and 175 to 352 d after planting (DAP), respectively, with the exception of one site in 2003 where burial depths were not different and all had an EX99value of 456 DAP. Seed size and cultivar did not significantly affect persistence, with the exception of one site in 2003 where the difference in EX99values was 20 DAP. The rapid loss of seed viability limits temporal gene flow via volunteers in years following a wheat crop. Results provide data on spring wheat biology to aid in Canadian environmental biosafety assessments of GM wheat and will be incorporated into a mechanistic model to predict wheat gene flow on the Canadian prairies.

Dry matter and quality changes during and after making pasture hay

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 394 ◽  
Author(s):  
IH Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Conventional Manner

Changes in the dry matter and quality of pasture hay cured in different ways, and exposed in the paddock in various forms for up to eight months, were measured in two seasons at the Rutherglen Research Station in north-eastern Victoria. Comparisons were made with standing (dry) pasture at one extreme and at the other with hay cured in the conventional manner, baled, and stored under cover. Changes in dry matter in the curing period were small for conventionally cured hay under the conditions of the experiments. Relatively large losses (8 to 14 per cent of the cured hay) were attributable to baling. In the storage period, pasture left standing lost 68 per cent of its dry matter in three months of summer and its quality deteriorated markedly. All the forms of conservation reduced the rate of these losses, the effectiveness of a particular method depending largely on the degree of exposure of the hay to weathering. Hay baled and stored under cover was the best (6-8 per cent loss of dry matter m eight months with little change in quality). Bales stooked in the paddock were well protected for up to seven months (17 per cent loss of dry matter), and losses for windrows and cocks of loose hay were within reasonable limits (less than 45 per cent) for shorter periods over the summer and early autumn.

scholarly journals Satisfying the Housing Needs of Disabled Citizens in North-Eastern Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Marcelina Zapotoczna
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Housing Needs

:Since disabled people have lower income and their geographical mobility is lower, they often tolerate inappropriate housing conditions, i.e. conditions that do not suit the type and degree of their disability. This article presents the results of interviews conducted among people affected by various degrees of disability. The main aim of the study was to determine the housing needs in regard to quality and to the extent to which the needs are satisfied by people living in the north-east of Poland. The first stage of the study involved identification of the factors that determine the quality of housing that satisfies the basic needs and barriers which prevent performing everyday activities. Subsequently, a multidimensional analysis was conducted to assess the extent to which the housing needs are satisfied in groups identified by the degree of disability. The synthetic measures and distance-related indexes suggested the existence of large diversity in the level of satisfaction of housing needs in the groups of disabled people under study.

scholarly journals IRANIAN PEOPLES: LINGUISTIC CLASSIFICATION AND LANGUAGE SITUATION.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Э.Б. Сатцаев
Keyword(s):  
The North ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Western Asia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Official Languages ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Linguistic Classification ◽  
Official Status

Иранские языки входят в группу индоевропейских языков. Они являются близкородственными индоарийским языкам. Предки индоарийских и иранских народов в глубокой древности жили в тесном общении, занимали одну общую территорию и говорили на близкородственных арийских диалектах. Обособление иранских диалектов от индийских произошло не позднее начала II тысячелетия до н.э. На иранских языках говорили многочисленные древние племена и народности, сыгравшие важную роль в мировой истории. Все иранские языки ведут свое происхождение к одному языку, который явился материальной основой их исторической общности. По своему статусу современные иранские языки значительно отличаются друг от друга. Наиболее значимыми иранскими языками, имеющими широкое применение в официальной сфере, являются персидский, дари, таджикский, афганский (пушту), курдский, осетинский и белуджский. Современный персидский язык распространен в основном в Иране. Из современных иранских языков к нему ближе всего таджикский и дари, которые имеют общее происхождение. Персидский язык является наиболее крупным, развитым и распространенным иранским языком, который охватывает все жизненно важные сферы. Одним из крупнейших по численности иранских народов являются афганцы (пуштуны). В Афганистане официальными языками признаны афганский (пушту) и дари (фарси-кабули). Дари занимал и занимает более сильные позиции. Другим крупным ираноязычным народом являются белуджи. Белуджский язык распадается на две основные группы. Другой иранский народ – курды – испокон веков населяет территорию Западной Азии. Численность курдов в мире составляет около 40 млн. человек. Курдский язык представлен в многочисленных диалектных разновидностях. Выделяются две группы диалектов – северная и южная. Курдский язык имеет многовековую литературную традицию, но его официальный статус невысок. Осетинский язык – остаток северо-восточной скифо-сарматской ветви иранских языков. Он на протяжении почти двух тысяч лет развивался вне каких-либо прямых контактов с иранскими языками. Официальный статус осетинского языка сравнительно высок, однако, численность говорящих на нем уменьшается. The Iranian languages are part of the Indo-European language family. They are closely related Indo-Aryan languages. The ancestors of the Indo-Aryan and Iranian peoples in ancient times lived in close communication, occupied common territory and spoke closely related Aryan dialects. The divergence of the Iranian and the Indian dialects took place prior to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC. Numerous ancient tribes and nationalities who played important role in the world history spoke Iranian languages. All Iranian languages trace back their origin to one language, which was the material basis of their historical community. The status of each of the modern Iranian languages is different. The most significant Iranian languages widely used in the official sphere are Persian, Dari, Tajik, Afghan (Pashto), Kurdish, Ossetian, and Baluchi. Modern Persian is widely spoken in Iran. Of all modern Iranian languages, the closest to it are Tajik and Dari, which share common origin. Persian is the largest, most developed and widespread Iranian language, which covers all vital areas. One of the largest in number of Iranian peoples are Afghans (Pashtuns). In Afghanistan the official languages are recognized as Afghan (Pashto) and Dari (Farsi-Kabuli). Dari held and holds a stronger position. A large Iranian-speaking people are the Balochi. Baluchi is divided into two main groups. Another Iranian people are the Kurds, who for centuries have inhabited the territory of Western Asia. The number of Kurds in the world is about 40 million people. The Kurdish language is represented in numerous dialectal varieties. There are two groups of dialects – north and south. Although Kurdish has a centuries-old literary tradition, its official status is low. The Ossetian language is a remnant of the north-eastern Scythian-Sarmatian branch of the Iranian languages. For almost two thousand years, it has been developing without any direct contacts with Iranian languages. The official status of the Ossetian language is relatively high, but the number of speakers is decreasing.  

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