scholarly journals Taking the pulse of social cognition: cardiac afferent activity and interoceptive accuracy modulate emotional egocentricity bias

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Von Mohr ◽  
Gianluca Finotti ◽  
Valerio Villani ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

At the heart of social cognition is our ability to distinguish between self and other and correctly attribute mental and affective states to their origin. Emotional egocentricity bias (EEB) reflects the tendency to use one’s own emotional state when relating to others. Although interoception underpins our emotional experience, little is known about its role on how we affectively relate to others. Here, we assessed how cardiac interoceptive impact, manipulated by presenting affective stimuli across different phases of the cardiac cycle coupled with trait-like levels of interoceptive accuracy, modulate the EEB. Individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy displayed an increased EEB when the other’s emotional state was presented at the point of maximum interoceptive impact (i.e., at systole), whereas the reverse was observed for individuals with lower interoceptive accuracy. These findings show how interoceptive activity provides the physiological context within which we process other’s emotional states in parallel to ours.

scholarly journals Taking the pulse of social cognition: cardiac afferent activity and interoceptive accuracy modulate emotional egocentricity bias

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Von Mohr ◽  
Gianluca Finotti ◽  
Valerio Villani ◽  
Manos Tsakiris
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Afferent Activity ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy

At the heart of social cognition is our ability to distinguish between self and other and correctly attribute mental and affective states to their origin. Emotional egocentricity bias (EEB) reflects the tendency to use one’s own emotional state when relating to others. Although interoception underpins our emotional experience, little is known about its role on how we affectively relate to others. Here, we assessed how cardiac interoceptive impact, manipulated by presenting affective stimuli across different phases of the cardiac cycle coupled with trait-like levels of interoceptive accuracy, modulate the EEB. Individuals with higher interoceptive accuracy displayed an increased EEB when the other’s emotional state was presented at the point of maximum interoceptive impact (i.e., at systole), whereas the reverse was observed for individuals with lower interoceptive accuracy. These findings show how interoceptive activity provides the physiological context within which we process other’s emotional states in parallel to ours.

scholarly journals THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF PARENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE STAHES OF THE EXPERIENCE OF HAVING A CHILD WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
BOGDANNA ANDREYKO
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The article analyses research data and scholarly approaches to the study: of problems of parents arising from their child’s illness; the emotional states of parents raising a child with developmental disabilities; stages of emotional experience related to the birth of a sick child. The family as an integral unit has to face various situations determined by the social impact of the child’s disease or impairment, as well as emotional and psychological reactions of the parents to it. Being aware of the psychological stages singled out in the grief theory helps professionals: to understand the reaction of the family of a child with developmental disabilities; realise when and how it is best to intervene, flexibly apply the theory of stages, and account for the specific characteristics of a particular family and individual reactions to such shocks.

scholarly journals When dark humor and moral judgment meet in sacrificial dilemmas: Preliminary evidence with females

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-287
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Brigaud ◽  
Nathalie Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Dark Humor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Context Dependent

The influence of dark humor on moral judgment has never been explored, even though this form of humor is well-known to push the boundaries of social norms. In the present study, we examined whether the presence of dark humor leads female participants to approve a utilitarian response (i.e., to kill one to save many) in sacrificial dilemmas. The effects of two types of humorous contexts were compared (i.e., dark vs. nondark) on dilemmas, which differed according to whom benefits from the crime (i.e., oneself and others vs. others only). In addition to collecting moral responses, individuals’ emotional states were assessed at three critical steps: Before and after reading the jokes and also after performing the moral judgment task. Our results revealed that dark and nondark humor similarly elicited a positive emotional state. However, dark humor increased the permissiveness of the moral violation when this violation created benefits for oneself. In self and other beneficial dilemmas, female participants in the dark humorous condition judged the utilitarian response more appropriate than those in the nondark condition. This study represents a first attempt in deepening our understanding of the context-dependent nature of moral judgment usually assessed in sacrificial dilemmas.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF CHILDREN OF SENIOR PRESCHOOL AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Karyna Borysenko ◽  
Svitlana Bader
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

The relevance of the study of the conditioned capabilities of society for the development of active, successful, harmoniously developed, self-sufficient personality, that is capable of effective communication with other people. This becomes possible due to the high level of development emotional intelligence. The purpose of the article is to determine the leading features of the development of emotional intelligence of children of senior preschool. Theoretical methods used: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, classification, etc. The essence of the leading categories is determined, in particular: «emotional intelligence», «emotional intelligence of children of senior preschool»; the leading features of its development at this age stage are characterized. Thus, the leading features of the development of emotional intelligence of a senior preschooler include: active development of the emotional sphere of a child; expansion of social contacts, which affects the intensity and quality of communication with others on the one hand, on the other − helps to navigate the diversity of emotional states of people, promotes the accumulation of emotional experience in senior preschoolers; expanding the range of emotions that a child is able to recognize, their verbalization; formation of ability for the volitional regulation of emotional manifestations against the background of situationality; formation of emotional decentration and the formation of ability for the emotional foresight. Instead, a fundamentally important thesis on the development of emotional intelligence of senior preschoolers still needs systematic, purposeful work by adults in this direction, because it is difficult for a child to recognize the causes of emotional state, effectively regulate emotions and build an adequate model of behaviour based on emotions they demonstrate. Prospects for further research on the development of emotional intelligence of senior preschoolers are identified.

Reflecting upon Feelings: An fMRI Study of Neural Systems Supporting the Attribution of Emotion to Self and Other

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Ochsner ◽  
Kyle Knierim ◽  
David H. Ludlow ◽  
Josh Hanelin ◽  
Tara Ramachandran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Mixed Valence ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Self And Other

Understanding one's own and other individual's emotional states is essential for maintaining emotional equilibrium and strong social bonds. Although the neural substrates supporting reflection upon one's own feelings have been investigated, no studies have directly examined attributions about the internal emotional states of others to determine whether common or distinct neural systems support these abilities. The present study sought to directly compare brain regions involved in judging one's own, as compared to another individual's, emotional state. Thirteen participants viewed mixed valence blocks of photos drawn from the International Affective Picture System while whole-brain fMRI data were collected. Preblock cues instructed participants to evaluate either their emotional response to each photo, the emotional state of the central figure in each photo, or (in a baseline condition) whether the photo was taken indoors or outdoors. Contrasts indicated (1) that both self and other judgments activated the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), the superior temporal gyrus, and the posterior cingulate/precuneus, (2) that self judgments selectively activated subregions of the MPFC and the left temporal cortex, whereas (3) other judgments selectively activated the left lateral prefrontal cortex (including Broca's area) and the medial occipital cortex. These results suggest (1) that self and other evaluation of emotion rely on a network of common mechanisms centered on the MPFC, which has been hypothesized to support mental state attributions in general, and (2) that medial and lateral PFC regions selectively recruited by self or other judgments may be involved in attention to, and elaboration of, internally as opposed to externally generated information.

scholarly journals Action planning and affective states within the auditory peripersonal space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Bahadori ◽  
Roberto Barumerli ◽  
Michele Geronazzo ◽  
Paola Cesari
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Action Planning ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Affective Stimuli ◽  
Affective Components ◽  
The Individual

AbstractFast reaction to approaching stimuli is vital for survival as for sounds entering the individual auditory Peripersonal Space (PPS). Closer sounds have found to provoke higher motor cortex activation particularly for highly arousing sounds, showing the close relationship for perceptual components of the sounds and motor preparation. Here Normal Hearing (NH) individuals and Cochlear Implanted (CI) individuals have been compared in their ability to recognize evaluate and react to affective stimuli entering the PPS. Twenty (seven females) NH and ten (three females) CI participants were asked to react to Positive (P), Negative (Ne), Neutral, (Nu) affective sounds virtually ending at five different distances from their body by performing fast arms flexion. Pre-motor Reaction Times (pm-RTs) were detected via EMG from postural muscles to measure action anticipation at different sound stopping distances; furthermore, the same sounds were evaluated for their level of valence and arousal perceived. Both groups showed the ability to localize the sound distances but only NH individuals modulated their pm-RTs based on the sound distance. Interestingly when the sound was not carrying affective components, as for Nu sounds, both NH and CI individuals triggered the promptest pre-motor reaction time (shorter pm-RT) when compared to P and N sounds. Only NH individuals modulated sound distance with the level of sound arousal, while sound’s valence was similarly perceived by both NH and CI individuals. These results underline the role of emotional states in action preparation and describe the specific perceptual components necessary to properly react to approaching sounds within peripersonal space.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

Evaluating Risk-Propensity Assessment Methods: Patterns in Repeated Exposure to Emotional Stimuli

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-287
Author(s):  
Sahinya Susindar ◽  
Harrison Wissel-Littmann ◽  
Terry Ho ◽  
Thomas K. Ferris
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Comparison Results

In studying naturalistic human decision-making, it is important to understand how emotional states shape decision-making processes and outcomes. Emotion regulation techniques can improve the quality of decisions, but there are several challenges to evaluating these techniques in a controlled research context. Determining the effectiveness of emotion regulation techniques requires methodology that can: 1) reliably elicit desired emotions in decision-makers; 2) include decision tasks with response measures that are sensitive to emotional loading; and 3) support repeated exposures/trials with relatively-consistent emotional loading and response sensitivity. The current study investigates one common method, the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), for its consistency and reliability in measuring the risk-propensity of decision-makers, and specifically how the method’s effectiveness might change over the course of repeated exposures. With the PANASX subjective assessment serving for comparison, results suggest the BART assessment method, when applied over repeated exposures, is reduced in its sensitivity to emotional stimuli and exhibits decision task-related learning effects which influence the observed trends in response data in complex ways. This work is valuable for researchers in decision-making and to guide design for humans with consideration for their affective states.

scholarly journals Dogs can infer implicit information from human emotional expressions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Albuquerque ◽  
Daniel S. Mills ◽  
Kun Guo ◽  
Anna Wilkinson ◽  
Briseida Resende
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Implicit Information ◽  
Emotional Display ◽  
Affective Information ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Current Behaviour

AbstractThe ability to infer emotional states and their wider consequences requires the establishment of relationships between the emotional display and subsequent actions. These abilities, together with the use of emotional information from others in social decision making, are cognitively demanding and require inferential skills that extend beyond the immediate perception of the current behaviour of another individual. They may include predictions of the significance of the emotional states being expressed. These abilities were previously believed to be exclusive to primates. In this study, we presented adult domestic dogs with a social interaction between two unfamiliar people, which could be positive, negative or neutral. After passively witnessing the actors engaging silently with each other and with the environment, dogs were given the opportunity to approach a food resource that varied in accessibility. We found that the available emotional information was more relevant than the motivation of the actors (i.e. giving something or receiving something) in predicting the dogs’ responses. Thus, dogs were able to access implicit information from the actors’ emotional states and appropriately use the affective information to make context-dependent decisions. The findings demonstrate that a non-human animal can actively acquire information from emotional expressions, infer some form of emotional state and use this functionally to make decisions.

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