scholarly journals The paradox of insecure attachment and depressive symptoms across the lifespan: Towards an integrative view

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Or Dagan ◽  
Kristin Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Meta Analyses

Attachment theory has long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to psychopathology in general, and depressive symptoms in particular. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in three large meta-analyses (each assessing over 4000 subjects) that evaluated the link between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms at different developmental stages, suggested paradoxical results. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure-avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated depressive symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure-dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated depressive symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from three large meta-analyses across different developmental periods, and highlight the contradicting meta-analytic findings regarding the link between attachment and depressive symptoms across human development. On top of presenting some methodological issues regarding the constructs and measurements of depressive symptoms across the lifespan, we propose a developmentally integrative explanation as to why the two insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to depression at different developmental stages. Lastly, we offer future research directions to empirically examine the link between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms across the lifespan.

scholarly journals A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Or Dagan ◽  
Ashley Groh ◽  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Kristin Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Lifespan Development ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Meta Analyses

Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure-avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure-preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure-dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.

scholarly journals A Lifespan Development Theory of Insecure Attachment and Internalizing Symptoms: Integrating Meta-Analytic Evidence via a Testable Evolutionary Mis/Match Hypothesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1226
Author(s):  
Or Dagan ◽  
Ashley M. Groh ◽  
Sheri Madigan ◽  
Kristin Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Insecure Attachment ◽  
Lifespan Development ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Infancy And Early Childhood ◽  
Meta Analyses

Attachment scholars have long argued that insecure attachment patterns are associated with vulnerability to internalizing symptoms, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. However, accumulating evidence from the past four decades, summarized in four large meta-analyses evaluating the link between insecure attachment subtypes and internalizing symptoms, provide divergent evidence for this claim. This divergent evidence may be accounted for, at least in part, by the developmental period under examination. Specifically, children with histories of deactivating (i.e., insecure/avoidant) but not hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/resistant) attachment patterns in infancy and early childhood showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In contrast, adolescents and adults with hyperactivating (i.e., insecure/preoccupied) but not deactivating (i.e., insecure/dismissing) attachment classifications showed elevated internalizing symptoms. In this paper, we summarize findings from four large meta-analyses and highlight the divergent meta-analytic findings that emerge across different developmental periods. We first present several potential methodological issues that may have contributed to these divergent findings. Then, we leverage clinical, developmental, and evolutionary perspectives to propose a testable lifespan development theory of attachment and internalizing symptoms that integrates findings across meta-analyses. According to this theory, subtypes of insecure attachment patterns may be differentially linked to internalizing symptoms depending on their mis/match with the developmentally appropriate orientation tendency toward caregivers (in childhood) or away from them (i.e., toward greater independence in post-childhood). Lastly, we offer future research directions to test this theory.

Tourism research for the GCC region: Current status and future research directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662199996
Author(s):  
Ali Salman Saleh ◽  
Charbel Bassil ◽  
Arsalan Safari
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Research Theme ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Tourism in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries has recently been considered by policymakers as a new avenue for economic diversification. Despite the considerable literature concerning the impact of tourism worldwide, only a limited number of studies have looked at the tourism sector in the GCC region or analyzed its economic, sociocultural, and environmental impacts. This article therefore conducts a systematic review of the state of the literature related to tourism in the GCC region. It provides effective insights about the current status, gaps, and challenges and proposes future research directions in this area for academics, practitioners, and policymakers with an interest in regional tourism development. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses approach was used to identify and select the papers. Some 23 papers were identified and analyzed. The majority of these studies focused on the United Arab Emirates, specifically the Dubai emirate. We found the most dominant research theme to be tourism planning.

Greater Male Variability in Cooperation: Meta-Analytic Evidence for an Evolutionary Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 095679762095663
Author(s):  
Christian Thöni ◽  
Stefan Volk ◽  
Jose M. Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Do men and women differ systematically in their cooperation behaviors? Researchers have long grappled with this question, and studies have returned equivocal results. We developed an evolutionary perspective according to which men are characterized by greater intrasex variability in cooperation as a result of sex-differentiated psychological adaptations. We tested our hypothesis in two meta-analyses. The first involved the raw data of 40 samples from 23 social-dilemma studies with 8,123 participants. Findings provided strong support for our perspective. Whereas we found that the two sexes do not differ in average cooperation levels, men are much more likely to behave either selfishly or altruistically, whereas women are more likely to be moderately cooperative. We confirmed our findings in a second meta-analytic study of 28 samples from 23 studies of organizational citizenship behavior with 13,985 participants. Our results highlight the importance of taking intrasex variability into consideration when studying sex differences in cooperation and suggest important future research directions.

scholarly journals Desegregating HRM: A Review and Synthesis of Micro and Macro Human Resource Management Research

2002 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Wright ◽  
Wendy R. Boswell
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Or Organization ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Since the early 1980s the field of HRM has seen the independent evolution of two independent subfields (strategic and functional), which we believe is dysfunctional to the field as a whole. We propose a typology of HRM research based on two dimensions: level of analysis (individual/group or organization) and number of practices (single or multiple). We use this framework to review the recent research in each of the four subareas. We argue that while significant progress has been made within each area, the potential for greater gains exists by looking across each area. Toward this end we suggest some future research directions based on a more integrative view of HRM. We believe that both areas can contribute significantly to each other resulting in a more profound impact on the field of HRM than each can contribute independently.

Subjective Invulnerability, Risk Behavior, and Adjustment in Early Adolescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. Hill ◽  
Peter M. Duggan ◽  
Daniel K. Lapsley
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Early Adolescence ◽  
Early Adolescents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Psychological Risks

The current study investigated whether invulnerability manifests with adaptive and maladaptive outcomes during early adolescence. We sampled 248 (53% female; 63% Caucasian; [Formula: see text] years) early adolescents on the Adolescent Invulnerability Scale (AIS), and measures of drug use, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and mastery and coping. The AIS demonstrated a two-factor structure, which captured whether adolescents felt invulnerable to danger or psychological risks. Danger Invulnerability positively predicted delinquency and drug use. Conversely, Psychological Invulnerability negatively predicted depressive symptoms but positively predicted mastery and coping. These results suggest that felt invulnerability leads to both benefits and risks for early adolescents. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Building the connection between nation and commercial brand: an integrative review and future research directions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxun He ◽  
Cheng Lu Wang ◽  
Yi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Nation Branding ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Integrative View ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Nation Brand

PurposeThis paper aims to provide an integrative review on nation branding literature and to identify new avenues for future research on embedding nation equity into commercial brands.Design/methodology/approachIntegrative review and analysis with conceptual development and future research directions.FindingsThe authors firstly identify conceptualizations and measurements of nation brand as national identity and as national image. Consistently, three theoretical perspectives investigating nation branding were given: first, the macro view focusing on nation brand broadly as political and cultural identity; second, the micro view focusing on nation brand as a country image; and finally, the integrative view using the emerging construct of nation equity. Inspired by the last theoretical view, the authors discuss four research foci that examine nation equity in commercial brands for future research.Originality/valueThe paper provides an integrative understanding of nation branding and identifies novel research opportunities to study this research field – building the connection between nations and commercial brands through nation equity.

A systematic literature review on personality traits in social entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-189
Author(s):  
Phan Tan Luc
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Social Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Meta Analyses

The purpose of this study is to provide a systematic literature review on personality trait research in social entrepreneurship, clarify the prevailing research categories and research themes, and suggest potential future research directions. The review process follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A total of 60 publications in the research topic from Web of Science and Scopus were analyzed. This study identifies four main categories in studies of personality traits in social entrepreneurship: ‘comparison of personality traits,’ ‘description of personality traits of social entrepreneurs,’ ‘personality traits and social entrepreneurial intention,’ and ‘personality traits and other factors.’ In addition, the themes in each category are also determined and several research gaps deserving of future investigation are recognized. Policymakers and educators gain a deeper understanding of personality traits in social entrepreneurship to have policies that trigger a change in social entrepreneurship education by cultivating personality traits towards sustainable development. This study classifies publications related to personality traits in social entrepreneurship and provides a guide for researchers by providing a systematic understanding of the research structure in this topic.

scholarly journals Evaluating Healthcare Governance Policies: A Scoping Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Finnegan ◽  
Gayle Halas ◽  
Caroline Monnin ◽  
Allie Peckham ◽  
Malcolm Doupe
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background: Governance policies provide structures and processes through which healthcare systems are managed. Existing literature defines strategies to evaluate operational (e.g. program) and clinical (e.g., patient-provider) healthcare interventions; the equivalent strategies to evaluate governance policies are less well developed. The aim of the proposed scoping review is to examine the extent, nature and range of approaches used to evaluate healthcare governance policies.Methods: Informed by the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the Arksey and O’Malley framework, the proposed study will conduct a keyword search of both health and social sciences databases, including Ageline (EBSCOhost 1978-2020), CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost 1981-2020), EconLIT (EBSCOhost 1886-2020), Medline (Ovid 1946-2020), Global Health (Ovid 1973-2020) and Scopus (1970-2020). The grey literature – Public Documents (desLibris), Theses & Dissertations (ProQuest) and Google Advanced – will also be searched to ensure comprehensive identification of studies. Any evaluation of healthcare governance policies published in English will be included. Findings will be presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses: Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRIMSA-ScR). Our cross-disciplinary team will critically assess the identified literature. Discussion: Findings from the proposed scoping review will provide insight into the ways in which healthcare governance policies have been evaluated and offer future research directions. Based on initial literature scans and consultations with policy workers, we expect to demonstrate the need for more robust (i.e., deliberate, methodical) approaches to evaluate healthcare governance policies, which in turn requires meaningful partnerships to enrich the transactional space between research and policy.

The Development of Moral Reasoning

2020 ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Different Cultures

Our capacity for moral reasoning is a distinctly human ability. Moral reasoning is defined as an intra- and interpersonal psychological phenomenon that is important in individual and collective moral judgments and behaviors. This chapter reviews the contributions of five influential lines of theory and research, proceeding in roughly chronological order from earlier to recent work. Specifically, cognitive-developmental, domain, care and prosociality, identity, and cultural-developmental approaches to moral reasoning are described. Findings across the five approaches suggest that infants share common moral sensibilities. With development, however, children, adolescents, and adults from different cultures become diverse in their moral reasoning. The chapter ends with a discussion of three promising future research directions pertaining to coverage of the full life span, conceptualizing moral reasoning not only as intrapersonal but also interpersonal, and implications of globalization on moral development.

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