scholarly journals Our universe is a state machine built of elementary particles; strong electric currents in the human neural network cause the illusion of free will.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Physical Laws

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. First-order change is the change of the state which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. The first-order change is computed out (first-order computation) based on physical laws. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation. When a control system automatically plans for what it shall do, (as a workaround to deal with the unpredictability of what itself will actually do,) it unintentionally maps the real world and its model illogically, and the way it works is defined to be the first-person perspective. Mixing up the real world and its model conceptually, and using the illogically mapped model unintentionally, jointly lead to the illusion of free will.

scholarly journals The free will illusion and the conscious experience within a fatalistic first-order computation (Tao)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
The State ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Second Order Change ◽  
Physical Laws

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. First-order change is the change of the state which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. The first-order change is computed out (first-order computation) based on the physical laws. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation.

scholarly journals .Our universe is a superdeterministic state machine built of elementary particles; strong electric currents in the human neural network cause the illusion of free will

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Physical Laws

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. Our universe is a state machine build of elementary particles. First-order-evolution is the whole series of the real-world transitions of this state machine, which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order-change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. Conscious experience and the free will illusion of a state machine, result from the first-order-evolution; they have no impact to the first-order-evolution. Both our universe and the conscious experience, are pure-mathematical-structures. Our universe is a state machine which is built of elementary particles. Strong electric currents cause the illusion of mix (i.e. mixing up the real world and its model conceptually), in the fuzzy logic system of human neural network. When a control system automatically plans for what it shall do, (as a workaround to deal with the unpredictability of what itself will actually do,) it uses an auxiliary baseline prediction to represent the real world, which is an illogical mapping. The illusion of mix and the illogical mapping, jointly lead to the illusion of free will.

scholarly journals Our universe is a superdeterministic state machine built of elementary particles; strong electric currents in the human neural network cause the illusion of free will

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
State Machine ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Electric Currents ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Physical Laws

Physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. Our universe is a superdeterministic state machine built of elementary particles. First-order-evolution is the whole series of the real-world transitions of this state machine, which is governed by the physical laws. Second-order-change is the change of the state which breaks the physical laws, so it is impossible in real world. Conscious experience and the free will illusion of a state machine, result from the first-order-evolution; they have no impact to the first-order-evolution. Both our universe and the conscious experience, are pure-mathematical-structures. Strong electric currents flowing in the pain/reward circuitry, cause the illusion of mix (i.e. mixing up the reality and its model conceptually), in the fuzzy logic system of human neural network. (If you want to disprove this theory, you can design an experiment to test a person’s ability to conceptually distinguish the reality and its model, under different levels of pain/reward.) When a control system automatically plans for what it shall do, (as a workaround to deal with the unpredictability of what itself will actually do,) it uses a mathematical expectation as an auxiliary baseline prediction to represent the real world, which is an illogical mapping. The illusion of mix and the illogical mapping, jointly lead to the illusion of free will.

scholarly journals Fatalistic first-order computation, free will delusion and conscious experience

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Deterministic Algorithm ◽  
Second Order ◽  
The Real ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Change ◽  
Second Order Change ◽  
Physical Laws

The first-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which is governed by the physical laws (or rules). The second-order change is the change of the state of a physical object (or pattern) which breaks the physical laws (or rules), so it is impossible in real world. In Conway’s Game of Life, within a pattern (pattern-A), a deterministic algorithm (algorithm-A) is used to solve a problem of the real world. (Actually, this problem will be automatically solved by the first-order change.) Inside algorithm-A, a model (model-AW) is created to represent the real world, and a second-order change can be applied to model-AW. If algorithm-A realized itself to be a deterministic algorithm inside a pattern, and realized that a second-order change is impossible to the real world, while a second-order change is possible to its model of the real world (model-AW), then algorithm-A can distinguish the real world and its model (model-AW) conceptually through this difference. The physical interactions among any number of elementary particles are governed by physical laws. If the time in our universe is discrete, our universe is a stochastic cellular automaton, and each generation is computed out based on the precedent generation and updating rules; let us call this computation the first-order computation. Conscious experience and the feeling of free will, are the results of the first-order computation; they have no impact to the first-order computation. Due to the completely subjective nature of the conscious experience, it’s impossible to reach any agreement on the nature of the conscious experience between any two individuals.

scholarly journals From causal determinism to a totally global fatalism: the “hard problem” of consciousness is solved

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Conscious Experience ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Elementary Particles ◽  
Hard Problem ◽  
Causal Determinism ◽  
Neural Substrate ◽  
The Hard Problem ◽  
Physical Laws

In the universe, the physical interactions among any number of elementary particles, are strictly controlled by physical laws. So, the physical activity of any elementary particle, is strictly controlled by physical laws. So, the physical activity of any elementary particle, is inevitable. Any physical object, is a set of elementary particles. So, the physical activity of any physical object, is inevitable. So, every physical event is inevitable. A person has no control even over her choices. Her choices are controlled by the neural substrate. The neural substrate is controlled by the physical laws. So, her choices are controlled by the physical laws. So, she is powerless to do anything other than what she actually does. The “internal story” is called “conscious experience” in common language; the so-called “hard problem” of consciousness is solved.

scholarly journals Effects of first- and third-person perspectives created using a head-mounted display on dart-throwing accuracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Ueyama ◽  
Masanori Harada
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Control Transfer ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Dart Throwing ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Third Person Perspective

Abstract The first-person perspective (1PP) and third-person perspective (3PP) have both been adopted in video games. The 1PP can induce a strong sense of immersion, and the 3PP allows players to perceive distances easily. Virtual reality (VR) technologies have also adopted both perspectives to facilitate skill acquisition. However, how 1PP and 3PP views affect motor skills in the real world, as opposed to in games and virtual environments, remains unclear. This study examined the effects of the 1PP and 3PP on real-world dart-throwing accuracy after head-mounted display (HMD)-based practice tasks involving either the 1PP or 3PP. The 1PP group showed poorer dart-throwing performance, whereas the 3PP task had no effect on performance. Furthermore, while the effect of the 1PP task persisted for some time, that of task 3PP disappeared immediately. Therefore, the effects of 1PP VR practice tasks on motor control transfer more readily to the real world than do those of 3PP tasks.

scholarly journals The Art of Governance and the Political Grammar of Legitimacy: Tales of the State for a Unified Korea

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Byung-ok Kil
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Real World ◽  
Political Legitimacy ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
State Of Affairs

This inquiry demonstrates that the political legitimacy of a certain society is historically determined, reflects specific institutional and contextual features, and employs a variety of meanings. These meanings can describe both a state of affairs and a process that ultimately involves justifications for legitimate agents and socio-political structures. This paper attepmpts to understand how the meanings of political legitimacy are conceptualized in society. As a case study, it questions: What are the conditions for the existence of political legitimacy and how have they been constructed? How is political legitimacy endorsed in South Korea today, and how does it differ from the past? This paper applies a deconstructive theory of political legitimacy that exploresa a distinctively modern style, or 'art of governance' that has an all-encompassing, as well as individualized effect upon its constituencies. By this approach, this paper argues that the concept of unification does not have a solid significance in the real world, but rather, it is an imaginary idea imposed by the dominant elite class, which is constantly imposed, reinterpreted and transformed in its political context.

scholarly journals The Real World of the Decentralized Autonomous Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.Z. Garrod
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The State ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
The Real ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
The Way

Although it is still in early stages, many commentators have been quick to note the revolutionary potential of next-generation or Bitcoin 2.0 technology. While some have expressed fear that the widespread application of these technologies may engender the rise of a Terminator-style Skynet, others believe that it represents the coming of a decentralized autonomous society (DAS) in which humans are freed from centralized forms of power through the proliferation of distributed autonomous organizations or DAOs. Influenced by neoliberal theory that stresses privatization, open markets, and deregulation, Bitcoin 2.0 technologies are implicitly working on the assumption that 'freedom' means freedom from the state. This neglects, however, that within capitalist societies, the state can also provide freedom from the vagaries of the market by protecting certain things from commodification. Through an analysis of (1) class and the role of the state; (2) the concentration and centralization of capital; and (3) the role of automation, I argue that the vision of freedom that underpins Bitcoin 2.0 tech is one that neglects the power that capital holds over us in both organizing the structure of our lives, and informing our idea of what it means to be human. In neglecting these other forms of power, I claim that the DAS might be a far more dystopian development than its supporters comprehend, making possible societies that are commodities all the way down.

Visual Tracking with Multilevel Sparse Representation and Metric Learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baifan Chen ◽  
Meng Peng ◽  
Lijue Liu ◽  
Tao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Sparse Representation ◽  
Visual Tracking ◽  
Hierarchical Structure ◽  
Real World ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metric Learning ◽  
The State ◽  
Discriminative Ability ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Hierarchical Structure

Visual tracking arises in various real-world tasks where an object should be located in a video. Sparse representation can implement tracking problems by linearly representing object with a few templates. However, this approach has two main shortcomings. Namely, setting the templates updating frequency is difficult and meanwhile it is relatively weak in distinguishing the object from the background. For solving these problems, the author models a multilevel object template set that can be stratified by different updating time spans. The hierarchical structure and updating strategy promise the real-timeness, stability, and diversity of object template. Additionally, metric learning is combined to evaluate the object candidates and thereby improve the discriminative ability. Experiments on well-known visual tracking datasets demonstrate that the proposed method can track an object more robustly and accurately compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

scholarly journals The Systemic Concept of Contextual Truth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bielecki
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Wide Class ◽  
Real World ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Autonomous Agent ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World

Abstract In this paper the truth is studied in the frame of autonomous systems theory. The method of the truth verification is worked out in its functional aspect. The verification is based on comparison of the predicted inner state of the autonomous agent, that is the cognitive subject, to the achieved inner state of the agent. The state is achieved as the result of performing the action in the real world—the agent’s environment. The action design is created on the basis of the agent’s model of the world. The truth is defined as the adequacy of the model of the real world in the context of the goal that is assumed to be reached as the effect of the performed action. The concepts of the cognitive subject, the truth bearings and the knowledge are redefined. The classical problems of aletheiology and epistemology are discussed in the light of the proposed approach. The cybernetic construct of an autonomous agent allows the researcher to consider a wide class of cognitive entities, which, in the previous approaches, have been limited only to human beings as cognitive subjects.

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