scholarly journals Approaches, challenges, and recent advances in automated bee counting devices – a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Odemer
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Flight Behavior ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Flight Measurement ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historic Development ◽  
Bee Colonies

For nearly 100 years, electronic bee counters have been developed using various technologies to track the foraging activity of mostly honey bee colonies. These counters should enable remote monitoring of the hives without disturbing natural flight behavior while generating precise scientific data. Today, however, there are not many counters on the market, that are able to fulfill this task. One main challenge is the lack of standardized methods to validate a counter’s precision, but validation is crucial to categorize and judge the data produced by the counter, especially for scientific purposes. Another challenge is the interpretation of flight data to measure the effects of environmental or anthropogenic sources. Nevertheless, recent developments in the field are promising. This review describes the historic development of automated bee flight measurement and critically compares validation methods to encourage their improvement. Lastly, to increase the comparability of future analyses with bee counters, current advances in data interpretation are also presented.

scholarly journals Cooperating agents for 3-D scientific data interpretation

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Gallimore ◽  
N.R. Jennings ◽  
H.S. Lamba ◽  
C.L. Mason ◽  
B.J. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Cooperating Agents

scholarly journals Intrinsic Balance in Generation Z: Between Individualization & Massification

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Shlegel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
New Generation

The examination of the ‘incoming’ generation as a new sociocultural type of contemporary human remains relevant at all times. The eldest representatives of the new generation (so called ‘Generation Z’ or the ‘Digital generation’) are today’s alumni who crave to take over the world, re-arranging it in accordance with their interests and views, and claim to become the ‘leading generation’ of our century. Research into this generation, the attempt to understand it is undoubtedly an important task. This material is dedicated to the matter of defining the interrelation between individualisation and the massification in ‘generation Z’ representatives. The research methods used in the study are as follows: philosophic-anthropological analysis, content-analysis, and scientific data interpretation. The research work contains the thesis that tendencies of individualisation and massification in the lives of ‘digital children’ are inextricable and consistent. The role of the Internet in general and social networks in particular in the process of individualisation of Generation Z is discussed, touching on the problem of ‘stereotypness’, by which individualisation of a person begins to be built in cyberspace. The new generation, on the one hand, is somewhat disconnected from the real world, feeling and creating its uniqueness and individuality, and on the other hand, maintaining a sense of community, unity and solidarity, but only often through a virtual environment. At the same time, consolidating quickly and going offline as needed.

From Representative to Anti-Civic Populist Democracy?

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-232
Author(s):  
Petya Kabakchieva
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Nationalist Movements ◽  
The People ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Recent Developments

This article analyses the emergence and development of different forms of civil society in Bulgaria from the late 1980s to the present day, focusing on ngos and the large anti-government protests in 1989–1991, 1997, and 2013–2014. It shows that civil society has been developing in ebbs and flows, its main actors having alt-civic and fake doubles: nationalist movements and fake counter-protests. Recent developments indicate a clear trend of transition from representative to direct democracy, which coincides with the populist orientation of most parties. This coincidence is dangerous because populist parties, following the romantic tradition, reinvented the figure of “the people” as traditionalistic, nationalistic, and conservative. “Civil society,” seen as “alien,” was constructed as an enemy of “the people.” The author argues that defending the pluralistic values of civil society against the thus-invented “people,” is the main challenge to democracy in Bulgaria today.

scholarly journals Exploring the possible role of satellite-based rainfall data to estimate inter‐ and intra‐annual global rainfall erosivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nejc Bezak ◽  
Pasquale Borrelli ◽  
Panos Panagos
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Temporal Resolution ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Substantial Progress

Abstract. Despite recent developments in modelling global soil erosion by water, to date no substantial progress has been made towards more dynamic inter- and intra-annual assessments. In this regard, the main challenge is still represented by the limited availability of high temporal resolution rainfall data needed to estimate rainstorms rainfall erosivity. As this data scarcity is likely to characterize the upcoming years, the suitability of alternative approaches to estimate global rainfall erosivity using satellite-based rainfall data was explored. For this purpose, the high spatial and temporal resolution global precipitation estimates obtained with the NOAA CDR Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) were used. Alternatively, the erosivity density (ED) concept was used to estimate global rainfall erosivity as well. The obtained global estimates of rainfall erosivity were validated against the pluviograph data included in the Global Rainfall Erosivity Database (GloREDa). Overall, results indicated that the CMORPH estimates have a marked tendency to underestimate rainfall erosivity when compared to the GloREDa estimates. The most substantial underestimations were observed in areas with the highest rainfall erosivity values. At continental level, the best agreement between annual CMORPH and interpolated GloREDa rainfall erosivity map was observed in Europe. Worse agreement was detected for Africa and South America. Further analyses conducted at monthly scale for Europe revealed seasonal misalignments, with the occurrence of underestimation of the CMORPH estimates in the summer period and overestimation in the winter period compared to GloREDa. The best agreement between the two approaches to estimate rainfall erosivity was found for autumn, especially in Central and Eastern Europe. Conducted analysis suggested that satellite-based approaches for estimation of rainfall erosivity appear to be more suitable for low-erosivity regions, while in high erosivity regions and seasons (> 1,000–2,000 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1), the agreement with estimates obtained from pluviograph data such as GloREDa is lower. Concerning the ED estimates, this second approach to estimate rainfall erosivity yielded better agreement with GloREDa estimates compared to CMORPH. The application of a simple-linear function correction of the CMORPH data was applied to provide better fit to the GloREDa and correct systematic underestimation. This correction improved the performance of the CMORPH but in areas with the highest rainfall erosivity rates the underestimation was still observed. A preliminary trend analysis of the CMORPH rainfall erosivity estimates was also performed for the 1998–2019 period. According to this trend analysis, increasing and statistically significant trend was more frequently observed than decreasing trend.

scholarly journals Recent Developments in Purification Techniques for Whey Valorization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 876-887
Author(s):  
Maham Aslam ◽  
Ansa Khalid ◽  
Ghanwa Tahir ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Protein Isolate ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Whey Protein Hydrolysate

Whey being a by-product of dairy industry, although is highly nutritive, was previously regarded as a waste but with time found its application in feedstock, pharmaceutical and food industry. Whey’s composition varies with respect to multiple factors such as source of milk, type of whey (acid or sweet whey) etc. Main challenge in whey utilization is that it has less quantity of whey constituents which need to be purified. Previously, the methods such as heat or acid treatment, precipitation and salting out were efficient only on laboratory scale and caused degradation of native protein structure making it difficult to understand its functional, nutritional and therapeutic properties, shifting focus towards innovative techniques which give product of high purity, are rapid, efficient, cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to be scaled up. Among such techniques, membrane separation and chromatography are widely employed ones. There is always a concern about purity and use of a single technique leads to compromise between purification level and overall purified product yield, shifting focus towards coupling of separation techniques. The following article is a comprehensive approach towards novel approaches for the isolation and separation of different whey constituents such as whey protein isolate and whey protein hydrolysate etc. along with their application in dairy, food and pharmaceutical industry and animal feedstock.

scholarly journals Motor Imagery Classification Based on a Recurrent-Convolutional Architecture to Control a Hexapod Robot

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 606
Author(s):  
Tat’y Mwata-Velu ◽  
Jose Ruiz-Pinales ◽  
Horacio Rostro-Gonzalez ◽  
Mario Alberto Ibarra-Manzano ◽  
Jorge Mario Cruz-Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Hexapod Robot ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Robot Locomotion ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Bci System

Advances in the field of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) aim, among other applications, to improve the movement capacities of people suffering from the loss of motor skills. The main challenge in this area is to achieve real-time and accurate bio-signal processing for pattern recognition, especially in Motor Imagery (MI). The significant interaction between brain signals and controllable machines requires instantaneous brain data decoding. In this study, an embedded BCI system based on fist MI signals is developed. It uses an Emotiv EPOC+ Brainwear®, an Altera SoCKit® development board, and a hexapod robot for testing locomotion imagery commands. The system is tested to detect the imagined movements of closing and opening the left and right hand to control the robot locomotion. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals associated with the motion tasks are sensed on the human sensorimotor cortex. Next, the SoCKit processes the data to identify the commands allowing the controlled robot locomotion. The classification of MI-EEG signals from the F3, F4, FC5, and FC6 sensors is performed using a hybrid architecture of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. This method takes advantage of the deep learning recognition model to develop a real-time embedded BCI system, where signal processing must be seamless and precise. The proposed method is evaluated using k-fold cross-validation on both created and public Scientific-Data datasets. Our dataset is comprised of 2400 trials obtained from four test subjects, lasting three seconds of closing and opening fist movement imagination. The recognition tasks reach 84.69% and 79.2% accuracy using our data and a state-of-the-art dataset, respectively. Numerical results support that the motor imagery EEG signals can be successfully applied in BCI systems to control mobile robots and related applications such as intelligent vehicles.

scholarly journals Effect of two NeemAzalTM formulations on honeybees under semi-field conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-A. Shawki M ◽  
V. Táborský ◽  
F. Kamler ◽  
J. Kazda
Keyword(s):  
Single Cells ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Foraging Activity ◽  
Time Schedule ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brood Development ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Bee Colonies ◽  
Transparent Acetate

The effects of NeemAzalTM formulations: NeemAzalTM T/S (1% azadirachtin) and NeemAzalTM granules (1% azadirachtin) on honeybees, <i>Apis mellifera</i> L., were studied under semi-field conditions. Three plots at 15 m<sup>2</sup> each were sown with spring rape seeds Brassica napus cultivar Likolly (Brassicaceae/Cruciferae). In the first plot NeemAzal granules were added with the seeds during sowing. The second plot was sprayed with NeemAzal T/S during full flowering; GreemaxTM was used as a wetting agent. The third one was sprayed with water only during full flowering as a control. For each treatment one tunnel tent (3 × 5 × 2 m) was used during the flowering period. Small bee colonies were exposed to the treated plants for 7 days. Evaluation was carried out by comparing the results in the treatments to the control and, furthermore, by comparing the pre- and post-application. The mortality in the tunnels and the flight activity were checked before, as well as after the treatment. The development of the bee brood was evaluated by using transparent acetate sheets to mark single cells in brood combs with their contents on different assessment dates. The time schedule of the assessment dates was chosen in order to check the bee brood at different expected stages during the development. The development of the bee brood was evaluated by calculation of brood termination rates in percentage and brood indices. The results show that residues of NeemAzal granules did not adversely affect bee mortality, foraging activity or brood development. By contrast, it was noticed that NeemAzal T/S caused some reduction in foraging activity and brood development.

scholarly journals Solar thermophotovoltaics: reshaping the solar spectrum

Nanophotonics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguang Zhou ◽  
Enas Sakr ◽  
Yubo Sun ◽  
Peter Bermel
Keyword(s):  
Short Circuit ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
System Level ◽  
Operation Performance ◽  
Solar Absorption ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Solar Absorbers ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Historic Development

Abstract Recently, there has been increasing interest in utilizing solar thermophotovoltaics (STPV) to convert sunlight into electricity, given their potential to exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit. Encouragingly, there have also been several recent demonstrations of improved system-level efficiency as high as 6.2%. In this work, we review prior work in the field, with particular emphasis on the role of several key principles in their experimental operation, performance, and reliability. In particular, for the problem of designing selective solar absorbers, we consider the trade-off between solar absorption and thermal losses, particularly radiative and convective mechanisms. For the selective thermal emitters, we consider the tradeoff between emission at critical wavelengths and parasitic losses. Then for the thermophotovoltaic (TPV) diodes, we consider the trade-off between increasing the potential short-circuit current, and maintaining a reasonable opencircuit voltage. This treatment parallels the historic development of the field, but also connects early insights with recent developments in adjacent fields.With these various components connecting in multiple ways, a system-level end-to-end modeling approach is necessary for a comprehensive understanding and appropriate improvement of STPV systems. This approach will ultimately allow researchers to design STPV systems capable of exceeding recently demonstrated efficiency values.

scholarly journals Personal Determinants of Improving Sports Effectiveness Among Young People

2020 ◽  
pp. 1559-1572
Author(s):  
Yulia V. Slobodchikova ◽  
Irina V. Semchuk ◽  
Elena V. Skvortsova ◽  
Oksana A. Musatova
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sports Activities

The article focuses on the issue of improving athletes’ performance. The subject of the research is personal determinants of improving the effectiveness of sports activities among young people. The purpose is to identify personal determinants that predefine the effectiveness of sports among young people. In the process of studying personal determinants that predefine the effectiveness of sports among young people we applied the methods of logical, theoretical and comparative analysis, content analysis, interpretation and scientific data interpretation, generalisation and modelling. On the basis of theoretical analysis the study identified the most significant personal determinants for the increase in the effectiveness of sports among youth, developed a theoretical structural and functional psychological “Personal determinants of improving the effectiveness of sports among young people” model and determined the interrelation of intrapersonal structures mediating the process of the influence of biological, social and individual personal determinants to increase the effectiveness of sports among young people

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