Population biology of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Naivasha, Kenya
The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus was introduced in Lake Naivasha to provide exploitable fisheries. It is one of the commercially important fish providing livelihoods to communities around the lake. However, its stocks in the lake have been declining due to intense fishing, ecological changes and effects of other exotic species. This study investigated on its population and biological parameters. Fish samples (1021) were caught monthly from January to December 2017 using gillnets of mesh-sizes 2-5 inches. A total of 1021 O. niloticus caught had overall sex ratio of 2.21:1.0 (male: female). Length of fish ranged from 9.0 to 40.0 cm TL and weighed between 20 and 1220 g. Length at first maturity (Lm50) was estimated at 28.0 cm TL for all sexes. The mean length and weight for all fish was 22.6 cm and 272.6 g. The slope b of length-weight relationship was 2.86 for all fish. The mean condition factor was 0.99, 1.04 and 1.01 for male, female and all fish, respectively. The asymptotic length (L∞) was 42 cm, growth coefficient (K) 0.21 year−1 and growth performance index (Ф) 2.57. The natural (M), fishing (F) and total mortality (Z) coefficients were estimated at 0.55, 0.26 and 0.80 year−1, respectively. Length at first capture (Lc50) was calculated at 19.38 cm. The optimum sustainable yield (E0.5), maximum sustainable yield (Emax) and maximum economic yield (E0.1) indices were 0.23, 0.35 and 0.26, respectively. This study has provided some insights into biology of O. niloticus and stock assessment relevant information to the fishery management.