scholarly journals The Care Burden During COVID-19: A National Database of Child Care Closures in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Lee ◽  
Zachary Parolin
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
National Database ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Child Care Centers ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
White Families ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
The U.S

Access to child care centers reduces the care burden of parents, promotes child development, and creates employment opportunities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, however, many child care centers closed due to capacity restrictions and declining demand for in-person care. This study uses anonymized and aggregated mobile phone data to track year-over-year changes in visits to child care centers across most counties in the U.S. during each month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal that two-thirds of child care centers closed in April 2020, while one-third remained closed in April 2021. Moreover, we find that non-White families are more likely to be exposed to child care closures than White families. Our findings point to widening inequalities in access to child care and potential inequalities in the pace of labor market recovery after the pandemic subsides. We make our monthly-updated database on child care closures publicly available for use in future research.

scholarly journals The Care Burden during COVID-19: A National Database of Child Care Closures in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237802312110320
Author(s):  
Emma K. Lee ◽  
Zachary Parolin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
National Database ◽  
Child Care Centers ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Care Burden ◽  
White Families ◽  
Declining Demand

Access to child care centers reduces the care burden of parents, promotes child development, and creates employment opportunities. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, however, many child care centers closed or reduced capacity because of restrictions and declining demand for in-person care. The authors use anonymized and aggregated mobile phone data to track year-over-year changes in visits to child care centers across most counties in the United States during each month of the pandemic. The findings reveal that two-thirds of child care centers closed in April 2020, while one-third remained closed in April 2021. Moreover, non-White families are more likely to be exposed to child care closures than White families. The findings point to widening inequalities in access to child care and potential inequalities in the pace of labor market recovery after the pandemic subsides. The authors make their monthly updated database on child care closures publicly available.

Questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We present a modified version of the theory that we hope will guide future inquiry on public support for courts, both in the United States and abroad.

Gender, Parenting, and The Rise of Remote Work During the Pandemic: Implications for Domestic Inequality in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-205
Author(s):  
Allison Dunatchik ◽  
Kathleen Gerson ◽  
Jennifer Glass ◽  
Jerry A. Jacobs ◽  
Haley Stritzel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Care ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Care Centers ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Nationally Representative

We examine how the shift to remote work altered responsibilities for domestic labor among partnered couples and single parents. The study draws on data from a nationally representative survey of 2,200 US adults, including 478 partnered parents and 151 single parents, in April 2020. The closing of schools and child care centers significantly increased demands on working parents in the United States, and in many circumstances reinforced an unequal domestic division of labor.

scholarly journals Teacher Preparation, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy: A Comparative Study of New Teachers in Japan and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Shaoan Zhang ◽  
Andromeda Hightower ◽  
Qingmin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
The U.S

Using the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, this study examines U.S. and Japanese new teachers’ initial teacher preparation (ITP), feelings of preparedness, motivations, and self-efficacy. The analysis of 355 U.S. and 433 Japanese new secondary teachers provided several findings. First, ITP in the U.S. more often included teaching in mixed-ability and multicultural settings, cross-curricular skills, and technology than Japan, and U.S. teachers felt more prepared than Japanese teachers in every category of preparation. Second, Japanese teachers were more likely to declare teaching as their first career choice and reportedly scored significantly higher on motivations to become a teacher of personal utility value, while U.S. new teachers scored higher on social utility value. Third, there were no significant differences in self-efficacy between U.S. and Japanese new teachers. This study contributes to the gap of large-scale, comparative literature between the U.S. and Japanese initial teacher preparation. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of Big Data Analytics on E-Commerce: Case Study of the U.S. and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Weiqing Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The U.S

Big data analytics (BDA) is a wide and deep application in e-commerce, which impacts positively on the global economy, especially the U.S. and China who have done well. This paper seeks to examine the relative influence of theoretical research and practical activities of BDA in e-commerce to explain the differences between the U.S. and China according to the two main literature databases, Web of Science and CNKI, respectively, and by employing other samples that present retail e-commerce sales and the number of some data companies founded in the U.S. and China each year. We further determine the reasons leading to the difference between the U.S. and China in BDA in e-commerce, which can help managers devise appropriate business strategies in e-commerce for each of them, and provide a proof of the significant relationship of theoretical research and practical activities in BDA in e-commerce. In addition, the variables related to big data companies show a moderation effect rather than mediating effect relative to the practice of theoretical research in e-commerce in the United States, but they show a moderate effect and mediating effects in China. The results of this study help clarify doubts regarding the development of China’s e-commerce. Moreover, three orientations in e-commerce using BDA and the use of quantum computing in e-commerce to solve existing e-commerce problems are explored to provide better evidence for decision-making that could be valuable in future research.

scholarly journals Re-envisioning Doctoral Mentorship in the United States: A Power-Conscious Review of the Literature

10.28945/4735 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Genia M. Bettencourt ◽  
Rachel E. Friedensen ◽  
Megan L Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Direct Applicability ◽  
Important Form ◽  
The U.S

Aim/Purpose: Multiple barriers exist within doctoral education in the United States that can undermine the success of students, particularly for students with marginalized identities. While mentorship can provide an important form of support, it must be done in an intentional way that is mindful of issues of equity and power. Background: By applying a power-conscious framework to current practices of doctoral mentorship in the U.S., we propose key considerations to help support doctoral students and shift power imbalances. Methodology: As a scholarly paper, this work draws upon a comprehensive review of existing research on doctoral mentorship in the U.S. Contribution: As a relatively recent development, the power-conscious framework provides an important tool to address issues of inequity that has not yet been applied to doctoral mentorship to our knowledge. Such a framework provides clear implications for mentorship relationships, institutional policies, and future research. Findings: The power-conscious framework has direct applicability to and possibility for reshaping doctoral mentorship in the U.S. as well as elsewhere. Each of the six foci of the framework can be integrated with research on doctoral students to help formal and informal mentors enhance their practice. Recommendations for Practitioners: Throughout our analysis, we pose questions for mentors to consider in order to reflect upon their practice and engage in further exploration. Recommendation for Researchers: Research on doctoral mentorship should explicitly engage with broader dynamics of power, particularly as related to understanding the experiences of marginalized student populations. Impact on Society: The demanding nature of and precarity within U.S. doctoral education leads to high rates of departure and burnout amongst students. By re-envisioning mentorship, we hope to begin a broader re-imagining of doctoral education to be more equitable and supportive of students. Future Research: To examine these claims, future research should explore doctoral student mentorship relationships and how power dynamics are contained therein both within the U.S. and in international contexts.

scholarly journals Weight loss interventions for Hispanic women in the USA: a protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Morrill ◽  
Melissa Lopez-Pentecost ◽  
Guadalupe Ballesteros ◽  
Jeanne L. Pfander ◽  
Melanie D. Hingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background In the U.S., Hispanic women experience a disproportionate rate of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. At the same time, Hispanic women remain considerably underrepresented in behavioral weight loss interventions. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the evidence related to the effectiveness of weight loss interventions among Hispanic women in the U.S. This review will identify elements of successful weight loss interventions as well as areas for future research. Methods/Design The following databases will be searched to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards): PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Chicano Database, SPORTDiscus, CAB Abstracts, and Google Scholar. We will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of adult women (> 18 years) from Hispanic/Latino background living in the United States. Eligible interventions will target weight-related behaviors (including diet, physical activity, behavior modification and/or their combinations). The review’s primary outcome will be weight change (expressed as change in lbs/kg or body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)). Three reviewers will independently screen and select data and two will extract data. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. A narrative synthesis will describe quality and content of the evidence. Discussion The aim of this systematic review is to critically examine existing weight loss interventions for Hispanic women in the U.S. and provide quality evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions on weight loss. Further, this review seeks to identify characteristics of effective interventions and suggest future directions for research efforts targeting weight loss in this population. This review will inform the development of future weight loss interventions for this population. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019119094

Opportunities for Nursing Research in Tobacco Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 393.1-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Aguinaga Bialous ◽  
Linda Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The U.S

Nurse scientists have made important contributions to evidence-based practice in tobacco control. This chapter will discuss recent tobacco control developments in the United States and globally, such as legislation giving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory authority over tobacco products manufacturing, marketing and sales, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and a brief review of research that has guided policy advances and nursing research in tobacco control. Suggestions for future research based on the update of the U.S. Public Health Services Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence clinical practice guideline will be explored. These developments offer nursing researchers a wealth of opportunities and challenges to advance nursing and tobacco control knowledge, address research gaps, and bring a unique nursing perspective to tobacco use prevention, reduction of exposure to secondhand smoke, tobacco dependence treatment, and tobacco control policies. Additionally, we will address how nursing scholarship can and should be supported by academic and organizational leadership to support nurses in realizing their full potential in mitigating the global epidemic of tobacco-caused death and disease.

The Efficacy of the Trafficking in Persons Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alese Wooditch
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Trafficking In Persons ◽  
Department Of State ◽  
The U.S

Anti-trafficking efforts have been adopted globally to curb human trafficking, yet many nations have failed to put initiatives into practice. As a consequence, the U.S. Department of State implemented the Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report to monitor and increase efforts worldwide and serve as a guide to funding anti-trafficking programs aboard. This exploratory study investigates the efficacy of this policy initiative by means of a longitudinal assessment of the TIP Report’s tier classifications, a system that grades countries based on anti-trafficking initiatives, and determines if U.S. funded anti-trafficking initiatives internationally target those countries in need. The findings suggest that tier ranking has not improved over time, and the United States has failed to systematically allocate funds based on the recommendations of the tier classification system. Policy recommendations and implications for future research are discussed.

The Importance of Good Data

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Spetz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
National Sample Survey ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

In 1977, the federal government launched the nation's largest and most significant program to collect data on the registered nurse (RN) workforce of the United States—the National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSRN). This survey is conducted by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration, first in 1977 and then every 4 years since 1980. This article offers the history of the NSSRN and a review of the ways in which the NSSRN data have been used to examine education, demographics, employment, shortages, and other aspects of the RN workforce. The influence this body of research has had on policymaking is explored. Recommendations for future research are offered, in the hope that future waves of the NSSRN will continue to be used to their fullest potential.

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