Opportunities for Nursing Research in Tobacco Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 393.1-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Aguinaga Bialous ◽  
Linda Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The U.S

Nurse scientists have made important contributions to evidence-based practice in tobacco control. This chapter will discuss recent tobacco control developments in the United States and globally, such as legislation giving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory authority over tobacco products manufacturing, marketing and sales, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and a brief review of research that has guided policy advances and nursing research in tobacco control. Suggestions for future research based on the update of the U.S. Public Health Services Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence clinical practice guideline will be explored. These developments offer nursing researchers a wealth of opportunities and challenges to advance nursing and tobacco control knowledge, address research gaps, and bring a unique nursing perspective to tobacco use prevention, reduction of exposure to secondhand smoke, tobacco dependence treatment, and tobacco control policies. Additionally, we will address how nursing scholarship can and should be supported by academic and organizational leadership to support nurses in realizing their full potential in mitigating the global epidemic of tobacco-caused death and disease.

Chapter 16 Opportunities for Nursing Research in Tobacco Control

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 393.2-409
Author(s):  
Stella Aguinaga Bialous ◽  
Linda Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The U.S

Nurse scientists have made important contributions to evidence-based practice in tobacco control. This chapter will discuss recent tobacco control developments in the United States and globally, such as legislation giving the U.S. Food and Drug Administration regulatory authority over tobacco products manufacturing, marketing and sales, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and a brief review of research that has guided policy advances and nursing research in tobacco control. Suggestions for future research based on the update of the U.S. Public Health Services Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence clinical practice guideline will be explored. These developments offer nursing researchers a wealth of opportunities and challenges to advance nursing and tobacco control knowledge, address research gaps, and bring a unique nursing perspective to tobacco use prevention, reduction of exposure to secondhand smoke, tobacco dependence treatment, and tobacco control policies. Additionally, we will address how nursing scholarship can and should be supported by academic and organizational leadership to support nurses in realizing their full potential in mitigating the global epidemic of tobacco-caused death and disease.

scholarly journals Informing iQOS Regulations in the United States: A Synthesis of What We Know

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401989882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla J. Berg ◽  
Yael Bar-Zeev ◽  
Hagai Levine
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Philip Morris ◽  
International Collaborations ◽  
The U.S

The tobacco industry offers various products, including heated tobacco products (HTPs). Philip Morris International’s (PMI) “iQOS” has the greatest HTP market share, as well as research on its use and impact. iQOS was released in 2014 and is now in more than 40 countries. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced permission for PMI to sell iQOS in the United States in April 2019, and iQOS was launched in October 2019. Decisions pending its modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) application will occur subsequently. The U.S. regulatory efforts regarding iQOS could be informed by examining (a) Philip Morris USA other product marketing efforts and (b) the iQOS market in countries where it is available. This article briefly addresses these two points with extant literature and suggests that future research should address important gaps in what is currently known, including strategic international collaborations and research, which historically has been critical for advancing tobacco control globally.

Questions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Gibson ◽  
Michael J. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The U.S

We have investigated the differences in support for the U.S. Supreme Court among black, Hispanic, and white Americans, catalogued the variation in African Americans’ group attachments and experiences with legal authorities, and examined how those latter two factors shape individuals’ support for the U.S. Supreme Court, that Court’s decisions, and for their local legal system. We take this opportunity to weave our findings together, taking stock of what we have learned from our analyses and what seem like fruitful paths for future research. In the process, we revisit Positivity Theory. We present a modified version of the theory that we hope will guide future inquiry on public support for courts, both in the United States and abroad.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tobacco Use and Efforts for Tobacco Control in The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heeje Lee ◽  
Minah Kang ◽  
Sangchul Yoon ◽  
Kee B. Park
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Media Content Analysis ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Tobacco use is one of the main public health concerns as it causes multiple diseases. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) is one of the 168 signatory countries of the World Health Organization (WHO) member states agreed to adopt the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC). However, there is lack of information regarding the tobacco use in the DPRK and the government’s efforts for tobacco control. The aim of the study was to find the prevalence of tobacco use among the DPRK people and the government’s efforts to control tobacco use among its population, through literature review combined with online media content analysis. In 2020, the prevalence of tobacco smoking in males of 15 years and older was 46.1%, whereas that in females was zero. The online media contents showed the DPRK government’s stewardship to promote population health by controlling tobacco use. Furthermore, the DPRK government has taken steps to implement the mandates of the FCTC including introduction of new laws, promotion of research, development of cessation aids, as well as public health campaigns.

scholarly journals Teacher Preparation, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy: A Comparative Study of New Teachers in Japan and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 368
Author(s):  
Shaoan Zhang ◽  
Andromeda Hightower ◽  
Qingmin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Preparation ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
New Teachers ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Utility Value ◽  
The U.S

Using the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) 2018, this study examines U.S. and Japanese new teachers’ initial teacher preparation (ITP), feelings of preparedness, motivations, and self-efficacy. The analysis of 355 U.S. and 433 Japanese new secondary teachers provided several findings. First, ITP in the U.S. more often included teaching in mixed-ability and multicultural settings, cross-curricular skills, and technology than Japan, and U.S. teachers felt more prepared than Japanese teachers in every category of preparation. Second, Japanese teachers were more likely to declare teaching as their first career choice and reportedly scored significantly higher on motivations to become a teacher of personal utility value, while U.S. new teachers scored higher on social utility value. Third, there were no significant differences in self-efficacy between U.S. and Japanese new teachers. This study contributes to the gap of large-scale, comparative literature between the U.S. and Japanese initial teacher preparation. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals AWARENESS ON CONSEQUENCES OF AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS TOBACCO USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FROM SOMALIA STUDYING IN DHAKA BANGLADESH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Asad Aden Abdi ◽  
Harun- Ar-Rashid
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Peer Influence ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Youth And Young Adults ◽  
Teachers And Parents

Background: Tobacco use is a global epidemic among young people. As with adults, it poses a serious health threat to youth and young adults in the United States and has significant implications for this nation’s public and economic health in the future (Perry et al. 1994; Kessler 1995). In Somalia, there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of smoking among the younger generation. Every effort needs to be made to stop the uptake of smoking among this category. Objectives: This study focused on Awareness on consequences of and attitude towards tobacco use Among University Students from Somalia, the study explored the students’ level of awareness in relation to tobacco products and their attitudes towards smoking as well as their smoking habits. Methodology: A questionnaire based survey was carried out among 180 university students from Somalia in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. A cross sectional, descriptive study was carried out to investigate awareness on consequences of and attitude of tobacco use among Somali students studying in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results: During the study, it was found that 81% respondents Smoked Cigarette, 59.4% were in the age range of 16- 20,58.3% smoke due to peer influence,67.7% of the students did not heard or seen anti-tobacco campaign for the last 30 days, Most of students 72.2% did not discuss the dangers of smoking with their teachers, Among the students 48.3% believe that smoking cause cancer of the lung and esophagus,92.0% of the students agreed that participating health programs related to danger of tobacco use will reduce smoking, In this study, generally it was found (80%) of the Somali students had some awareness on tobacco use, on the other hand It was found that (60%) of the Somali students had some attitude on tobacco use. Conclusion: This study concludes that smoking behavior is still present among male students. The study therefore recommends the need for concerted efforts from government, teachers and parents to educate and protect students from easy access to cigarettes and exposure to tobacco smoke.

scholarly journals The Influence of Big Data Analytics on E-Commerce: Case Study of the U.S. and China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Weiqing Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The U.S

Big data analytics (BDA) is a wide and deep application in e-commerce, which impacts positively on the global economy, especially the U.S. and China who have done well. This paper seeks to examine the relative influence of theoretical research and practical activities of BDA in e-commerce to explain the differences between the U.S. and China according to the two main literature databases, Web of Science and CNKI, respectively, and by employing other samples that present retail e-commerce sales and the number of some data companies founded in the U.S. and China each year. We further determine the reasons leading to the difference between the U.S. and China in BDA in e-commerce, which can help managers devise appropriate business strategies in e-commerce for each of them, and provide a proof of the significant relationship of theoretical research and practical activities in BDA in e-commerce. In addition, the variables related to big data companies show a moderation effect rather than mediating effect relative to the practice of theoretical research in e-commerce in the United States, but they show a moderate effect and mediating effects in China. The results of this study help clarify doubts regarding the development of China’s e-commerce. Moreover, three orientations in e-commerce using BDA and the use of quantum computing in e-commerce to solve existing e-commerce problems are explored to provide better evidence for decision-making that could be valuable in future research.

scholarly journals Re-envisioning Doctoral Mentorship in the United States: A Power-Conscious Review of the Literature

10.28945/4735 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 237-252
Author(s):  
Genia M. Bettencourt ◽  
Rachel E. Friedensen ◽  
Megan L Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Doctoral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Direct Applicability ◽  
Important Form ◽  
The U.S

Aim/Purpose: Multiple barriers exist within doctoral education in the United States that can undermine the success of students, particularly for students with marginalized identities. While mentorship can provide an important form of support, it must be done in an intentional way that is mindful of issues of equity and power. Background: By applying a power-conscious framework to current practices of doctoral mentorship in the U.S., we propose key considerations to help support doctoral students and shift power imbalances. Methodology: As a scholarly paper, this work draws upon a comprehensive review of existing research on doctoral mentorship in the U.S. Contribution: As a relatively recent development, the power-conscious framework provides an important tool to address issues of inequity that has not yet been applied to doctoral mentorship to our knowledge. Such a framework provides clear implications for mentorship relationships, institutional policies, and future research. Findings: The power-conscious framework has direct applicability to and possibility for reshaping doctoral mentorship in the U.S. as well as elsewhere. Each of the six foci of the framework can be integrated with research on doctoral students to help formal and informal mentors enhance their practice. Recommendations for Practitioners: Throughout our analysis, we pose questions for mentors to consider in order to reflect upon their practice and engage in further exploration. Recommendation for Researchers: Research on doctoral mentorship should explicitly engage with broader dynamics of power, particularly as related to understanding the experiences of marginalized student populations. Impact on Society: The demanding nature of and precarity within U.S. doctoral education leads to high rates of departure and burnout amongst students. By re-envisioning mentorship, we hope to begin a broader re-imagining of doctoral education to be more equitable and supportive of students. Future Research: To examine these claims, future research should explore doctoral student mentorship relationships and how power dynamics are contained therein both within the U.S. and in international contexts.

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder Diagnostic Criteria in a Historical Context

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra L. Boness ◽  
Victoria Votaw ◽  
Ashley L. Watts ◽  
Meredith W. Francis ◽  
Christopher Samuel Kleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
The U.S

Aims: This manuscript aims to provide a review of historical movements within the United States (U.S.) surrounding alcohol consumption and consequences, including sociopolitical discourse and shifts in alcohol research and treatment priorities. We also examine correspondence between historical movements in the U.S. and processes by which alcohol use disorder (AUD) diagnostic criteria were established. This historical review will focus only on movements and criteria within the U.S. and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association, given a recent review focused on the evolution of the International Classification of Diseases published by the World Health Organization. Through a critical evaluation, we also elucidate future directions for the conceptualization and diagnosis of AUD. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature on AUD definition, terminology, and classification. There were no restrictions on publication type, publication date, or peer-review status. Results: Manuscripts were reviewed and integrated by the respective time frame and movement they described. This resulted in coverage of five main movements including colonialism, temperance, alcoholism/dispositional disease model, public health/continuum beliefs, and the brain disease model. Within each movement, we identify and describe the relevant diagnostic influences and criteria at that time and how they influenced later construals. Conclusions: Conceptualization of AUD continues to be rooted in previous traditions, thwarting progress towards evidence-based diagnostic criteria and treatment of AUD. We offer a roadmap forward to direct future efforts towards improved diagnosis of AUD.

scholarly journals Weight loss interventions for Hispanic women in the USA: a protocol for a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin E. Morrill ◽  
Melissa Lopez-Pentecost ◽  
Guadalupe Ballesteros ◽  
Jeanne L. Pfander ◽  
Melanie D. Hingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background In the U.S., Hispanic women experience a disproportionate rate of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. At the same time, Hispanic women remain considerably underrepresented in behavioral weight loss interventions. The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the evidence related to the effectiveness of weight loss interventions among Hispanic women in the U.S. This review will identify elements of successful weight loss interventions as well as areas for future research. Methods/Design The following databases will be searched to identify all relevant articles (from inception onwards): PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science (Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index), PsycINFO, CINAHL, Chicano Database, SPORTDiscus, CAB Abstracts, and Google Scholar. We will include randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies of adult women (> 18 years) from Hispanic/Latino background living in the United States. Eligible interventions will target weight-related behaviors (including diet, physical activity, behavior modification and/or their combinations). The review’s primary outcome will be weight change (expressed as change in lbs/kg or body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2)). Three reviewers will independently screen and select data and two will extract data. The methodological quality (or risk of bias) of individual studies will be appraised using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. A narrative synthesis will describe quality and content of the evidence. Discussion The aim of this systematic review is to critically examine existing weight loss interventions for Hispanic women in the U.S. and provide quality evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions on weight loss. Further, this review seeks to identify characteristics of effective interventions and suggest future directions for research efforts targeting weight loss in this population. This review will inform the development of future weight loss interventions for this population. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42019119094

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