scholarly journals Less is more when rating Extraversion: Behavioral cues and interpersonal perceptions on the platform of Facebook

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Katherine Kaye ◽  
Helen Joanne Wall ◽  
Alisha T Hird
Keyword(s):  
American Psychological Association ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Interpersonal Perceptions ◽  
Less Is More ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Behavioral Cues ◽  
Linguistic Cues ◽  
Final Article ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Error Condition

© 2019, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors' permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: 10.1037/ppm0000263 We explore how specific behaviors on Facebook inform interpersonal perceptions. We conducted two studies which explored the impact of linguistic (Study 1) and emotional cues (Study 2) on interpersonal perceptions of a fictitious target. In both studies, a between-participants design was used, whereby participants were randomly allocated to one of three cue conditions, and were presented with a Facebook profile which varied in the respective cue usage, and asked to provide personality perceptions. Study 1 conditions varied in linguistic cues (accurate spelling, one error, multiple errors) and Study 2 in emotional cues (no emoji, one happy emoji, multiple happy emoji). Study 1 found linguistic accuracy was related to perceptions of target extraversion. Specifically the target was rated more extraverted in the control condition with no errors relative to a single error condition. Study 2 results suggested that emoji cues did not have any significant impact upon trait perceptions. Taken together, the findings suggest that “less is more” when making judgements specifically for extraversion.

Going Off Script: Effects of Awe on Memory for Script-Typical and –Irrelevant Narrative Detail

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Francois Danvers ◽  
Michelle N. Shiota
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Final Article ◽  
True False ◽  
Internal Knowledge

People often filter their experience of new events through knowledge they already have, e.g., encoding new events by relying on prototypical event “scripts” at the expense of actual details. Previous research suggests that positive affect often increases this tendency. Three studies assessed whether awe—an emotion elicited by perceived vastness, and thought to promote cognitive accommodation—has the opposite effect, reducing rather than increasing reliance on event scripts. True/false questions on details of a short story about a romantic dinner were used to determine whether awe (1) reduces the tendency to impute script-consistent but false details into memory, and/or (2) promotes memory of unexpected details. Across studies we consistently found support for the first effect; evidence for the second was less consistent. Effects were partially mediated by subjective awe, and independent of other aspects of subjective affect. Results suggest that awe reduces reliance on internal knowledge in processing new events.©American Psychological Association, 2017. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000277

scholarly journals Reciprocal associations between positive emotions and motivation in daily life: Network analyses in anhedonic individuals and healthy controls

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeske van Roekel ◽  
Vera Ellen Heininga ◽  
Charlotte Vrijen ◽  
Evelien Snippe ◽  
Albertine Oldehinkel
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Final Article ◽  
Reciprocal Associations

© 2018, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and maynot exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or citewithout authors permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI:10.1037/emo0000424.

scholarly journals Missing the Joke: Reduced Re-reading of Garden-path Jokes during Mind-wandering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Zhang ◽  
Chuyan Qu ◽  
Kevin Miller ◽  
Kai Schnabel Cortina
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Main Study ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Final Article ◽  
Thought Probes

© 2019, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors' permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: 10.1037/xlm0000745 Mind-wandering, or thoughts irrelevant to the current task, occurs frequently during reading. The current study examined whether mind-wandering was associated with reduced re-reading when the reader read the so-called "garden-path jokes." In a garden-path joke, the reader's initial interpretation is violated by the final punchline, and the violation creates a semantic incongruity that needs to be resolved (e.g., "My girlfriend has read so many negative things about smoking. Therefore, she decided to quit reading."). Re-reading text prior to the punchline can help resolve the incongruity. In a main study and a pre-registered replication, participants read jokes and non-funny controls embedded in filler texts and responded to thought probes that assessed intentional and unintentional mind-wandering. Results were consistent across the two studies: Eye-tracking results show that, when the reader was not mind-wandering, jokes elicited more re-reading (from the punchline) than the non-funny controls did, and had a recall advantage over the non-funny controls. During mind-wandering, however, the additional eye movement processing and the recall advantage of jokes were generally reduced. These results show that mind-wandering is associated with reduced re-reading, which is important for resolving higher-level comprehension difficulties.

scholarly journals The eye wants what the heart wants: Female face preferences are related to partner personality preferences

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
DongWon Oh ◽  
Natalie Grant-Villegas ◽  
Alexander Todorov
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Personality Preferences ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Final Article ◽  
Women’S Preferences

Women prefer male faces with feminine shape and masculine reflectance. Here, we investigate the conceptual correlates of this preference, showing that it might reflect women’s preferences for feminine (vs. masculine) personality in a partner. Young heterosexual women reported their preferences for personality traits in a partner, and rated male faces – manipulated on masculinity/femininity – on stereotypically masculine (e.g., dominance) and feminine traits (e.g., warmth). Masculine shape and reflectance increased perceptions of masculine traits, but had different effects on perceptions of feminine traits and attractiveness. While masculine shape decreased perceptions of both attractiveness and feminine traits, masculine reflectance increased perceptions of attractiveness and to a weaker extent of feminine traits. These findings are consistent with the idea that sex-dimorphic characteristics elicit personality trait judgments, which might in turn affect attractiveness. Importantly, participants found faces attractive to the extent that these faces elicited their preferred personality traits, regardless of gender-typicality of the traits. In sum, women’s preferences for male faces are associated with their preferences for personality traits. © 2020, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors' permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: 10.1037/xhp0000858

scholarly journals A Modified Framework for Identifying Stigma: News Coverage of Persons with Mental Illness Killed by Police

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Frankham
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Online News ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Implicit Stereotypes ◽  
Final Article ◽  
And Behavior

© 2017, American Psychological Association. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the final, authoritative version of the article. Please do not copy or cite without authors permission. The final article will be available, upon publication, via its DOI: 10.1037/sah0000121 This paper examines the types of stigmatizing language and frames present in news reports about persons with mental illness killed by police. A sample of 301 online news reports was content analyzed, of which 132 reports contributed to 231 examples of stigmatizing language or frames. Analysis indicates that the construction of stigma in these news reports does not fully adhere to existing frameworks for identifying stigmatization. Stigmatization that is implicit, and often seemingly innocuous, is almost three times as common in the analyzed news reports than overt and explicit forms of stigmatization. A modified framework for identifying stigmatization is proposed that includes the presence of stigmatizing syntax, implicit stereotypes, stigmatizing myths, and behavior labeling. To the author's knowledge, this study is the first to examine media stigmatization of persons with mental illness killed by police as well as explore stigmatization regarding suicide by cop. Implications of the findings for efforts to destigmatize mental illness are explored.Comments and queries about this project are welcome at [email protected]

Fool’s Gold: Psychologists Using Disingenuous Reasoning to Mislead Legislatures into Granting Psychologists Prescriptive Authority

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-524
Author(s):  
Brent Pollitt
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nurse Practitioners ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
American Psychological Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Psychotropic Medications ◽  
American Psychological ◽  
Training Requirements ◽  
Prescriptive Authority

Mental illness is a serious problem in the United States. Based on “current epidemiological estimates, at least one in five people has a diagnosable mental disorder during the course of a year.” Fortunately, many of these disorders respond positively to psychotropic medications. While psychiatrists write some of the prescriptions for psychotropic medications, primary care physicians write more of them. State legislatures, seeking to expand patient access to pharmacological treatment, granted physician assistants and nurse practitioners prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications. Over the past decade other groups have gained some form of prescriptive authority. Currently, psychologists comprise the primary group seeking prescriptive authority for psychotropic medications.The American Society for the Advancement of Pharmacotherapy (“ASAP”), a division of the American Psychological Association (“APA”), spearheads the drive for psychologists to gain prescriptive authority. The American Psychological Association offers five main reasons why legislatures should grant psychologists this privilege: 1) psychologists’ education and clinical training better qualify them to diagnose and treat mental illness in comparison with primary care physicians; 2) the Department of Defense Psychopharmacology Demonstration Project (“PDP”) demonstrated non-physician psychologists can prescribe psychotropic medications safely; 3) the recommended post-doctoral training requirements adequately prepare psychologists to prescribe safely psychotropic medications; 4) this privilege will increase availability of mental healthcare services, especially in rural areas; and 5) this privilege will result in an overall reduction in medical expenses, because patients will visit only one healthcare provider instead of two–one for psychotherapy and one for medication.

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