scholarly journals COVID-19 Hand Hygiene Intervention - PREPRINT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Smith ◽  
Kyra Hamilton ◽  
Martin S Hagger ◽  
Jacob J Keech ◽  
Susette Alanna Moyers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Persuasive Communication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Hygiene Intervention ◽  
Effect Theory ◽  
The Face

Objective: We aimed to test the efficacy of a theory-based intervention to promote the avoidance of touching one’s face with unwashed hands to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Methods: We tested effects of an intervention employing imagery, persuasive communication, and planning techniques in two pre-registered studies adopting randomized controlled designs in samples of Australian (N=254; Study 1) and US (N=245; Study 2) residents. Participants were randomly assigned to theory-based intervention or education-only conditions (Study 1), or to theory-based intervention, education-only, and no-intervention control conditions (Study 2). The intervention was delivered online and participants completed measures of behavior and theory-based social cognition constructs pre-intervention and one-week post-intervention. Results: Mixed-model ANOVAs revealed a significant increase in avoidance of touching the face with unwashed hands from pre-intervention to follow-up irrespective of intervention condition in both studies, but no significant condition effects. Exploratory analyses revealed significant effects of the theory-based intervention on behavior at follow-up in individuals with low pre-intervention risk perceptions in Study 2. Conclusions: Results indicate high adoption of avoiding touching one’s face with unwashed hands, with behavior increasing over time independent of the intervention. Future research should confirm risk perceptions as a moderator of the effect theory-based interventions on infection-prevention behaviors.

scholarly journals Adapted motivational interviewing for bariatric surgery patients: a pilot study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren David
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples

The current pilot trial examined the efficacy of a single-session Adapted Motivational Interviewing (AMI) protocol for improving outcomes for bariatric surgery patients. Forty-six post-operative patients from the Bariatric Surgery Program at Toronto Western Hospital were randomly assigned to either an AMI group (n = 23) or a wait list group (n = 23). From pre- to post-intervention, paired samples t-tests found that participants reported greater readiness and self-efficacy for change, as well as improvements to binge eating characteristics and to some measures of adherence to dietary guidelines at the 4-week follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs found that the behavioural changes were maintained over the 12-week follow-up but mixed model ANOVAs suggest that these changes may not be as marked next to patients receiving standard bariatric care. These preliminary findings suggest that AMI is an acceptable and feasible intervention that might be effective for some bariatric patients. Future research is warranted.

scholarly journals Adapted motivational interviewing for bariatric surgery patients: a pilot study.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren David
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Paired Samples

The current pilot trial examined the efficacy of a single-session Adapted Motivational Interviewing (AMI) protocol for improving outcomes for bariatric surgery patients. Forty-six post-operative patients from the Bariatric Surgery Program at Toronto Western Hospital were randomly assigned to either an AMI group (n = 23) or a wait list group (n = 23). From pre- to post-intervention, paired samples t-tests found that participants reported greater readiness and self-efficacy for change, as well as improvements to binge eating characteristics and to some measures of adherence to dietary guidelines at the 4-week follow-up. Repeated measures ANOVAs found that the behavioural changes were maintained over the 12-week follow-up but mixed model ANOVAs suggest that these changes may not be as marked next to patients receiving standard bariatric care. These preliminary findings suggest that AMI is an acceptable and feasible intervention that might be effective for some bariatric patients. Future research is warranted.

scholarly journals The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Intervention on Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers: a Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina Järvelä-Reijonen ◽  
Sampsa Puttonen ◽  
Leila Karhunen ◽  
Essi Sairanen ◽  
Jaana Laitinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment Therapy ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Acceptance And Commitment ◽  
Acceptance And Action Questionnaire ◽  
The Face

Abstract Background Psychological processes can be manifested in physiological health. We investigated whether acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), targeted on psychological flexibility (PF), influences inflammation and stress biomarkers among working-age adults with psychological distress and overweight/obesity. Method Participants were randomized into three parallel groups: (1) ACT-based face-to-face (n = 65; six group sessions led by a psychologist), (2) ACT-based mobile (n = 73; one group session and mobile app), and (3) control (n = 66; only the measurements). Systemic inflammation and stress markers were analyzed at baseline, at 10 weeks after the baseline (post-intervention), and at 36 weeks after the baseline (follow-up). General PF and weight-related PF were measured with questionnaires (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties). Results A group × time interaction (p = .012) was detected in the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) level but not in other inflammation and stress biomarkers. hsCRP decreased significantly in the face-to-face group from week 0 to week 36, and at week 36, hsCRP was lower among the participants in the face-to-face group than in the mobile group (p = .035, post hoc test). Age and sex were stronger predictors of biomarker levels at follow-up than the post-intervention PF. Conclusion The results suggest that ACT delivered in group sessions may exert beneficial effects on low-grade systemic inflammation. More research is needed on how to best apply psychological interventions for the health of both mind and body among people with overweight/obesity and psychological distress. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01738256, Registered 17 August, 2012

scholarly journals O005 Cognitive behavioural therapy and light dark therapy for postpartum insomnia symptoms: a randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A2-A3
Author(s):  
S Verma ◽  
N Quin ◽  
L Astbury ◽  
C Wellecke ◽  
J Wiley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Insomnia Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Symptoms of postpartum insomnia are common however interventions remain scarce. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Light Dark Therapy (LDT) target distinct mechanisms to improve sleep. This randomised controlled superiority trial compared CBT and LDT against treatment-as-usual (TAU) in reducing maternal postpartum insomnia symptoms. Methods Nulliparous females 4–12 months postpartum with self-reported symptoms of insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index scores >7) were included; excluded were those at risk or with high medical/psychiatric needs. Eligible participants were randomised 1:1:1 to 6 weeks of CBT, LDT (gaining light upon awakening, night-time light avoidance) or TAU. Interventions were therapist-assisted through two telephone calls and included automated self-help emails over six weeks. Symptoms of insomnia (ISI; primary outcome), sleep disturbance, fatigue, sleepiness, depression, and anxiety were assessed at baseline, mid-intervention, post-intervention, and 1-month post-intervention. Latent growth models were used. Results 114 participants (mean age=32.2±4.6 years) were randomised. There were significantly greater reductions in insomnia and sleep disturbance in both intervention groups with very large effect sizes (d>1·4, p<0·0001) from baseline to post-intervention compared to TAU; improvements were maintained at one-month follow-up. There were greater reductions in fatigue symptoms in the CBT group (d=0.85, p<.0001) but not LDT (p=0.11) compared to TAU; gains were maintained for CBT at follow-up. Changes in sleepiness, depression and anxiety over time were non-significant compared to TAU (p-values>0.08). Conclusion Therapist-assisted CBT and LDT are both efficacious for reducing postpartum insomnia symptoms. Findings were mixed for fatigue, sleepiness and mood. Future research is needed on predictors of treatment response.

scholarly journals Understanding Stigma: A Pooled Analysis of a National Program Aimed at Health Care Providers to Reduce Stigma towards Patients with a Mental Illness

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. e19-e29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Knaak ◽  
Andrew C H Szeto ◽  
Aliya Kassam ◽  
Arla Hamer ◽  
Geeta Modgill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Program Outcomes ◽  
Behavioural Intentions ◽  
Previous Diagnosis

Background and Objective: The problem of mental illness-related stigma within healthcare is an area of increasing attention and concern. Understanding Stigma is an anti-stigma workshop for healthcare providers that uses social contact as a core teaching element, along with educational and action-oriented components. The objective of our study was to determine the impact of this program on healthcare providers’ attitudes and behavioural intentions towards patients with a mental illness, and also to ascertain whether various participant and program characteristics affected program outcomes. Our paper reports the results of a pooled analysis from multiple replications of this program in different Canadian jurisdictions between 2013 and 2015. Material and Methods: We undertook a pooled analysis of six separate replications of the Understanding Stigma program. All program replications were evaluated using a non-randomized quasi experimental pre- post- follow-up design. The Opening Minds Scale for Health Providers (OMS-HC) was used as the main assessment tool. Study-level and individual-level meta-analysis methods were used to synthesize the data. First, the ‘metan’ command was used to show outcomes by study, using a forest plot. Then, a pooled dataset was produced and analyzed using a random intercept linear mixed model approach with each program being modelled as a random effect. Program and participant characteristics were examined as independent variables using this approach. These were each entered individually. Individual tests included pre to post change by program version (original or condensed), by occupation (nurses versus other healthcare providers), by gender, age, and previous diagnosis of a mental illness. Results: Program effect sizes ranged from .19 to .51 (Cohen’s d), with an overall combined effect size of .30. The results of the mixed model analysis showed the improvement from pre to post intervention was statistically significant for the total scale and subscales. Analysis of program and participant factors found that version type, healthcare provider type, gender, and previous diagnosis of a mental illness were all non-significant factors on program outcomes. A significant inverse association was revealed between increasing age and score change. Results also showed a significant positive linear relationship between baseline score and improvement from pre to post intervention. Maintenance of scores at follow-up was observed for participants who attended a booster session. Conclusion: The results are promising for the effectiveness of this brief intervention model for reducing stigmatizing attitudes and improving behavioural intentions among nurses and other healthcare providers.  

scholarly journals Destress 9-1-1—an online mindfulness-based intervention in reducing stress among emergency medical dispatchers: a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lilly ◽  
Rebecca Calhoun ◽  
Ian Painter ◽  
Randal Beaton ◽  
Scott Stangenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Emergency Medical Dispatchers

ObjectivesEmergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) experience significant stress in the workplace. Yet, interventions aimed at reducing work-related stress are difficult to implement due to the logistic challenges associated with the relatively unique EMD work environment. This investigation tested the efficacy of a 7-week online mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) tailored to the EMD workforce.MethodsActive-duty EMDs from the USA and Canada (n=323) were randomly assigned to an intervention or wait list control condition. Participants completed surveys of stress and mindfulness at baseline, post intervention, and 3 months follow-up. Repeated measures mixed effects models were used to assess changes in stress and mindfulness.ResultsDifferences between the intervention group and control group in pre–post changes in stress using the Calgary Symptoms of Stress Inventory were statistically significant, with a difference of −10.0 (95% CI: −14.9, −5.2, p<0.001) for change from baseline to post intervention, and a difference of −6.5 (95% CI: −11.9, −1.1, p=0.02) for change from baseline to 3 months follow-up. Change in mindfulness scores did not differ between groups. However, increases in mindfulness scores were correlated with greater reductions in stress for all participants, regardless of group (r=−0.53, p<0.001).ConclusionsDevelopment of tailored online MBIs for employees working in challenging work environments offer a promising direction for prevention and intervention. This study found that a short, weekly online MBI for EMDs resulted in reductions in reports of stress. Implications of online MBIs in other emergency responding populations and directions for future research are discussed.

The role of choice in eating behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (11) ◽  
pp. 2696-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Bartle ◽  
Barbara Mullan ◽  
Elizaveta Novoradovskaya ◽  
Vanessa Allom ◽  
Penelope Hasking
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Habit Strength ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Points

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of choice on the development and maintenance of a fruit consumption behaviour and if behaviour change was underpinned by habit strength. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2×3 mixed model experimental design was used. The independent variables were pictorial cue and fruit consumption manipulated on two levels: choice and no choice, across three-time points: baseline, post-intervention (after two weeks) and follow-up (one week later). Participants (n=166) completed demographics, the self-report habit index and fruit intake at all three-time points. Findings All participants showed significant increases in fruit consumption and habit strength at post-intervention and follow-up. However, participants provided neither choice of cue nor fruit showed a significant decrease in consumption at follow-up. Practical implications Fruit consumption can be significantly increased with a relatively simple intervention; choice seems to have an effect on behaviour maintenance, providing no choice negatively effects behaviour maintenance post-intervention. This may inform future interventions designed to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Originality/value The intervention that the authors designed and implemented in the current study is the first of its kind, where choice was manipulated in two different ways and behaviour was changed with a simple environmental cue intervention.

scholarly journals Modeling the Cognitive Trajectory in CADASIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Sandrine Brice ◽  
Aude Jabouley ◽  
Sonia Reyes ◽  
Carla Machado ◽  
Christina Rogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Mattis Dementia Rating Scale ◽  
Cognitive Trajectory ◽  
Latent Process ◽  
Global Trajectory

Background: For developing future clinical trials in Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), it seems crucial to study the long-term changes of cognition. Objective: We aimed to study the global trajectory of cognition, measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (MDRS), along the course of CADASIL. Methods: Follow-up data of 185 CADASIL patients, investigated at the French National Referral center CERVCO from 2003, were considered for analysis based on strict inclusion criteria. Assuming that the MMSE and the MDRS provide imprecise measures of cognition, the trajectory of a common cognitive latent process during follow-up was delineated using a multivariate latent process mixed model. After adjustment of this model for sex and education, the sensitivities of the two scales to cognitive change were compared. Results: Analysis of the cognitive trajectory over a time frame of 60 years of age showed a decrease of performances with aging, especially after age of 50 years. This decline was not altered by sex or education but patients who graduated from high school had a higher mean cognitive level at baseline. The sensitivities of MMSE and MDRS scales were similar and the two scales suffered from a ceiling effect and curvilinearity. Conclusion: These data support that cognitive decline is not linear and mainly occurs after the age of 50 years during the course of CADASIL. They also showed that MMSE and MDRS scales are hampered by major limitations for longitudinal studies.

scholarly journals Changing Stress Mindsets with a Novel Imagery Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob J Keech ◽  
Martin S Hagger ◽  
Kyra Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ecological Stress ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Objective: Changing individuals’ stress mindset has emerged as a technique that may be effective in aiding stress management, but there is limited data on the effects of this technique in managing stress in ‘real world’ contexts beyond a few days. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the efficacy of a novel imagery-based intervention in changing stress mindset; and, (2) evaluate the effect of the intervention on stress-related outcomes, compared to a control, after two weeks. Methods: The study adopted a pre-registered randomized controlled trial design. University students (N = 150) attended a research laboratory twice over two weeks, receiving the intervention or control condition stimuli in Session 1, and completing measures in both sessions. Academic performance data was collected from university records. Results: Mixed model ANOVAs revealed a large-sized difference in stress mindset among intervention group participants immediately following the intervention and at the follow-up relative to controls. There were also robust effects of the intervention on perceived distress, positive and negative affect, proactive behavior, and academic performance at the follow-up in individuals with high baseline perceived distress. Conclusions: Findings indicate that the intervention is a promising approach for changing individuals’ stress mindset and that changing stress mindset can have beneficial effects on coping with ecological stressors. Future research should use intensive longitudinal designs to examine momentary activation of stress mindset and responses to ecological stress.

Evaluating the effectiveness of Home-Start support in Dutch families

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
ES Smallegange ◽  
JMA Hermanns ◽  
FJ Oort
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Parenting Support

Summary Home visiting is a widely used form of parenting support. The current study focused on the effectiveness of the home visiting volunteer parenting support programme Home-Start in the Netherlands. The Home-Start programme (intervention group) was compared to professional care as usual support (comparison group). The study focused on post-intervention changes of parental wellbeing, parenting behaviour and child problem behaviour within families with children in the age range of 1.5–3.5 years. Data were collected at the start of the interventions, at moment of support termination and at a six-month follow-up. Findings Eighty-six mothers from 24 Home-Start schemes were included in the intervention group (43 available at six-month follow-up) and 103 mothers from 18 care as usual sites in the comparison group (71 available at six-month follow-up). Mixed model analyses showed no or minor changes on the majority of selected outcome measures in both study groups. Significant improvements were only found for a few primary and secondary outcome measures. Additionally, there were indications of an increase in mother-reported behavioural difficulties of the children at post-test measurements, disappearing however at the six-month follow-up. Applications The current study showed that the volunteer programme Home-Start is an appealing intervention to families that appear to have higher needs. The study generated evidence that the results of the two types of evaluated interventions are comparable with little evidence of lasting changes.

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