scholarly journals Life course pathways into intergenerational caregiving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Rodrigues ◽  
Maša Filipovic Hrast ◽  
Selma Kadi ◽  
Miriam Cerar ◽  
Valentina Hlebec
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Family Caregiving ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Linked Lives ◽  
Cumulative Processes ◽  
And Gender

Background and objectives:We develop a framework for the analysis of pathways into family caregiving to older people defined around life course concepts such as key turning events in life, cumulative processes and linked lives within the family realm that influence decisions around intergenerational family caregiving.Research design and methods:Using Framework Analysis, we analyse semi-structured qualitative interviews from a sample of dyads (older cared-for adults and their main family carers) in Austria (N=24) and Slovenia (N=52). Data was collected in 2019 through a purposive sampling strategy that included dyads from a differentiated socio-economic background and gender composition. Results:The analysis reveals the existence of four non-exclusive pathways into caregiving. One pathway is associated with single turning events occurring in family or work trajectories of carers that expanded the possibilities for caregiving later in life. Another pathway referred to cumulative processes that later influenced transitions into caregiving, such as personal biographies marked by weak labour market attachment or previous occupations as professional carers. The third pathway is characterized by continued and sustained exchanges of support within families that cement reciprocal ties that underpin caregiving at later stages. In the fourth pathway, life trajectories of siblings, but also family relationships and conflicts constrained carers into their role. Discussion and Implications:Decisions regarding caregiving within families can be best understood as processes, linked to developments in other trajectories in carers’ lives, as much as to internal family dynamics and relationships. Becoming a carer may be itself the result of intertwined accumulated vulnerabilities.

scholarly journals Family Relations and Remarriage Postdivorce and Postwidowhood in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 2286-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Sandy To
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Event History ◽  
School Age ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
Extended Families ◽  
Event History Data ◽  
Linked Lives ◽  
To Receive

Analyzing event history data from the 2010 China Family Panel Studies and 13 qualitative interviews, we examine the complex and gendered relationship between family relations and remarriage in China. Distinct roles are played by the presence of preschool, school-age, and adult children in configuring the remarriage of women and men after divorce and after widowhood. The remarriage of widows but not divorcées is positively associated with the presence of parents and siblings. Remarriage is more likely in the presence of large extended families. Whereas single and remarried divorcé(e)s equally provide care to their children, such care provision is less likely among remarried than single widow(er)s. Compared with their single counterparts, remarried divorcé(e)s and particularly widow(er)s are less likely to receive care from their children. We underline the importance of considering the “linked lives” of family members and comparing distinct life course circumstances in the study of remarriage. We demonstrate that remarriage is far from an “individualized” institution and that the state’s privatization of marriage seems to reinforce the “familialization” of remarriage practices in China.

scholarly journals Suicide amongst the Inuit of Nunavut: An Exploration of Life Trajectories

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1812
Author(s):  
William Affleck ◽  
Eduardo Chachamovich ◽  
Nadia Chawky ◽  
Guy Beauchamp ◽  
Gustavo Turecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Suicide Group

This article reports results of the life trajectories from 92 Inuit who died by suicide, matched for age and gender with 92 living-controls. A proxy-based procedure and semi-structured interviews with informants were conducted to obtain trajectories of developmental events occurring over the life course for suicide and community-matched controls. Results from this research indicate two different trajectories that differentiate the control-group from the suicide-group throughout the life course. Even though the number of suicide attempts are similar between both groups, the suicide-group had a more important burden of adversity, which seemed to create a cascading effect, leading to suicide.

scholarly journals Exploring reader responses to young adult literature in the Malaysian English language classroom

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-348
Author(s):  
Mallika Vasugi V Govindarajoo ◽  
Shakina Rajendram ◽  
N. Sundari Subasini
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Developmental Phase ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Reader Responses ◽  
Language Classroom ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
And Gender

This article presents the results of a study exploring the reader-responses of Malaysian young adults (YAs) to the literature texts used in Malaysian secondary schools, Dear Mr. Kilmer by Anne Schraff, Captain Nobody by Dean Pitchford, and Sing to the Dawn by Minfong Ho. The study aimed to determine the extent to which the YAs found these texts engaging and relevant, and how they identified aspects of their own young adulthood in the novels. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods through questionnaires completed by 30 Malaysian YAs, semi-structured qualitative interviews with a sub-group of six participants, and their journal reflections. Using reader-response literary theory as the guiding framework, the data were analysed quantitatively through descriptive statistical analyses, and qualitatively through inductive thematic analysis, in order to examine the extent to which Malaysian YAs could identify with the main characters, themes, issues, or events in the novels and determine the relevance of the novels to their lives. The findings showed that the participants identified with the characters’ conflict between being true to one’s self and conforming to societal and gender expectations. The themes of standing up for one’s beliefs and right to education, combating social inequities, and family relationships were also relevant aspects that surfaced in responses towards the novels. This study provides recommendations for the selection of literary texts for the English language classroom that connect to the developmental phase of young adults and allow learners to see themselves reflected in what they read.

Contact precautions for colonisation with multidrug-resistant organisms and haemodialysis patient quality of life and mood: a pilot case-control study

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathika Krishnasamy
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Contact Precautions ◽  
Dialysis Vintage ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background: The rate of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) colonisation in dialysis populations has increased over time. This study aimed to assess the effect of contact precautions and isolation on quality of life and mood for haemodialysis (HD) patients colonised with MDRO. Methods: Patients undergoing facility HD completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL–SFTM), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Personal Wellbeing-Index Adult (PWI-A). Patients colonised with MDRO were case-matched by age and gender with patients not colonised. Results: A total of 16 MDRO-colonised patients were matched with 16 controls. Groups were well matched for demographics and co-morbidities, other than a trend for older dialysis vintage in the MDRO group [7.2 years (interquartile range 4.6–10.0) compared to 3.2 (1.4–7.6) years, p=0.05]. Comparing MDRO-positive with negative patients, physical (30.5±10.7 vs. 34.6±7.3; p=0.2) and mental (46.5±11.2 vs. 48.5±12.5; p = 0.6) composite scores were not different between groups. The MDRO group reported poorer sleep quality (p=0.01) and sleep patterns (p=0.05), and lower social function (p=0.02). BDI scores were similar (MDRO-positive 10(3.5–21.0) vs. MDRO-negative 12(6.5–16.0), p=0.6). PWI-A scores were also similar in both groups; however, MDRO patients reported lower scores for “feeling safe”, p=0.03. Conclusion: While overall scores of quality of life and depression were similar between groups, the MDRO group reported poorer outcomes in sleep and social function. A larger cohort and qualitative interviews may give more detail of the impact of contact precautions and isolation on HD patients. The necessity for contact precautions for different MDRO needs consideration.

Fattigdommens årsager

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Morten Ejrnæs ◽  
Jørgen Elm Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Key Events ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

Fattigdom har fået fornyet aktualitet, fordi andelen af fattige i Danmark er steget kraftigt siden 2001. Denne stigning falder tidsmæssigt sammen med indførelsen af de såkaldte ”fattigdomsydelser”. Det har gjort spørgsmålet om årsagerne til fattigdom påtrængende, fordi det er blevet hævdet, dels at det lave ydelsesniveau ville øge incitamentet til lønarbejde og således reducere fattigdommen, dels at det netop ville skabe fattigdom. Derfor forsøger vi i denne artikel at nuancere belysningen af årsager til fattigdom. Årsager til fattigdom opdeles traditionelt i strukturelle, kulturelle og individuelle forhold eller karakteristika, uden at kausaliteten og deres indbyrdes sammenhæng diskuteres grundigt. I artiklen skelnes mellem: makrostrukturelle forhold som fx lavkonjunktur; institutionelle forhold som fx socialpolitiske tiltag; lokalsamfundsforhold der knytter sig til det boligområde eller den egn, man er bosat i; og individuelle karakteristika, der fremtræder som kendetegn ved individet. Endelig inddrages biografi i form af livsfaser og nøglebegivenheder gennem et livsforløbs faser som fx sygdom, skilsmisse og arbejdsløshed som perioder, begivenheder eller kæder af begivenheder, der kan forklare fattigdom. Med udgangspunkt i denne opdeling vises det, hvorledes forskellige faktorer, processer eller mekanismer i to konkrete cases bidrager til at skabe fattigdom for den enkelte, men også hvordan intentioner, valg og handlinger samt tilfældigheder i de enkelte livsforløb kan have en afgørende betydning. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Morten Ejrnæs and Jørgen Elm Larsen: Causes of Poverty This article focuses on causes of poverty. Causes of poverty are normally divided into structural, cultural and individual conditions or characteristics without fully considering causality and the dynamic relationships between them. In this article we distinguish between macro structural conditions such as recession, institutional conditions such as social policy measures, local conditions related to the residential area where one lives, and individual characteris-tics. Finally we include biography in terms of life phases and constraining key events during a life course such as teenage pregnancy, illness, divorce or unemployment as periods, events or chains of events that can explain why and how poverty emerges. This perspective is shown to illustrate how different factors, processes and mechanisms contribute to throwing the individual into poverty, but also how intentions, choices, actions and coincidences in the individual’s life course may have a crucial impact. This is illustrated by two case studies in which the trajectory of one’s life shows how key events in the form of coincidences cause poverty. However, the analysis also shows that because of their different age, habitus and possession of various forms of capital, the two individuals examined here will develop different life trajectories and attachment to the labour market. Key words: Poverty, causes, habitus, capital, reflexion, life trajectory.

Moral Development: From Paradigms to Plurality

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Lene Arnett Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Moral Development ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Entire Life ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Diverse Groups

This chapter introduces The Oxford Handbook of Moral Development: An Interdisciplinary Perspective. The handbook provides a comprehensive, international, and up-to-date review of research on moral development, including moral motives and behaviors, ontogeny and developmental pathways, and contexts that children, adolescents, and adults experience with respect to morality. Across more than 40 chapters, experts from disciplines such as anthropology, education, human development, psychology, and sociology address moral development through the entire life course among diverse groups within and across countries. This chapter addresses how the chapters provide literature reviews that are inclusive of highly diverse theoretical and research foci, as well as of diverse cultural, socioeconomic, and gender groups. The aim of the handbook is to contribute to the revitalization and flourishing of the field of moral development.

scholarly journals “When we talk about intimate partner violence we talk in an adult way” – Social workers’ descriptions of intimate partner violence between teenagers

2021 ◽  
pp. 147332502110028
Author(s):  
Emmy Högström Tagesson ◽  
Carina Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Treatment Quality ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

This article examines how seven social workers within the Swedish social services describe intimate partner violence between teenagers (IPV-BT). The article adds to the literature by examining IPV-BT outside a U.S. context, where most studies have been conducted. Based on semistructured qualitative interviews, the authors analyze descriptions of IPV-BT in relation to Charles Tilly’s notion of category making through transfer, encounter, negotiation, and imposition. They also analyze how the social workers’ descriptions of IPV-BT relate to the intersection between age and gender. The results show that the social workers mostly described IPV-BT by referring to encounters with teenagers and by transferring knowledge and theoretical definitions from their specialized working areas, primarily intimate partner violence between adults (IPV-BA) and troubled youth. More rarely, the social workers based their definitions of IPV-BT upon negotiating dialogues with teenagers. Also, those who worked in teams specialized on IPV had the mandate to impose their definitions of IPV-BT to other professionals and teenagers. When taking age and gender hierarchies in consideration, the results show IPV-BT risks being subordinate IPV-BA on a theoretical level, a practical level and in terms of treatment quality. The study suggests that social work with IPV-BT needs to be sensitive to the double subordinations of the teenage girl and of the teenagers who do not follow gender expectations.

scholarly journals Reported infant feeding practices and contextual influences on breastfeeding: qualitative interviews with women registered to MomConnect in three South African provinces

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zara Trafford ◽  
Sara Jewett ◽  
Alison Swartz ◽  
Amnesty E. LeFevre ◽  
Peter J. Winch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
South African ◽  
Infant Feeding ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Infant Feeding Practices ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Younger Women

Abstract Background Global guidelines recommend exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first 6 months of life. South African EBF rates have steadily increased but still only average 32% for infants below 6 months of age. Malnutrition and developmental delays continue to contribute substantially to the morbidity and mortality of South African children. MomConnect, a national mHealth messaging system used to send infant and maternal health messages during and after pregnancy, has a specific focus on improving rates of breastfeeding and has achieved high rates of population coverage. Methods For this qualitative study, we interviewed women who were registered to MomConnect to investigate their breastfeeding and other infant feeding practices, decision-making pre- and post-delivery, and the role of the health system, family members and the wider community in supporting or detracting from breastfeeding intentions. Data were collected from February–March 2018 in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal, Free State and Gauteng provinces. Framework analysis was conducted to identify common themes. Results Most women interviewed had breastfed, including HIV-positive women. Even when women had delivered by caesarean section, they had usually been able to initiate breastfeeding a few hours after birth. Understandings of EBF varied in thoroughness and there was some confusion about the best way to cease breastfeeding. Most women felt well-equipped to make infant feeding decisions and to stick to their intentions, but returning to work or school sometimes prevented 6 months of EBF. Advice from the health system (both via clinics and MomConnect) was considered helpful and supportive in encouraging EBF to 6 months, although family influences could thwart these intentions, especially for younger women. Mothers reported a range of breastfeeding information sources that influenced their choices, including social media. Conclusions Efforts to improve EBF rates must include consideration of the social and economic environment surrounding women. Interventions that focus only on improving women’s knowledge are valuable but insufficient on their own. Attention should also be paid to infant behaviors, and how these affect women’s breastfeeding choices. Finally, although there is strong local policy support for EBF, more rigorous implementation of these and other broader changes to create a more enabling structural environment ought to be prioritized.

Go to More Parties? Social Occasions as Home to Unexpected Turning Points in Life Trajectories

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Turning Points ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Energy ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Time Out ◽  
Collective Effervescence ◽  
The Life Course

Reviving classical attention to gathering times as sites of transformation and building on more recent microsociological work, this paper uses qualitative data to show how social occasions open up unexpected bursts of change in the lives of those attending. They do this by pulling people into a special realm apart from normal life, generating collective effervescence and emotional energy, bringing usually disparate people together, forcing public rankings, and requiring complex choreography, all of which combine to make occasions sites of inspiration and connection as well as sites of offense and violation. Rather than a time out from “real” life, social occasions hold an outsized potential to unexpectedly shift the course that real life takes. Implications for microsociology, social inequality, and the life course are considered.

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