scholarly journals Examining the Lead Exposure and its Effects among U.S Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muse Abdi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Risk

Disproportionate rates of HIV infection among African Americans is an increasing concern inthe United States. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HIV preventionprograms on African Americans and social determinants fueling HIV-related risk behaviors.Using literature, this study analyzed the incidences of HIV infection among African Americansin the United States and the effectiveness of the prevention programs. African Americansstruggle with mass incarceration, drugs, stigma, criminalization, and lack of economicopportunities, which contribute to the HIV-related risk behaviors. The existing traditionalprevention programs in place are not working for African Americans. Tailored and culturallyrelevant programs should be designed and implemented. Further studies are needed to establishthe causal relationships and develop preventive measures.

scholarly journals The Magnitude of the Impact of HIV on the Human Beings in the World’s Richest Country, America: The Misery of African Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muse Abdi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
The Impact

Disproportionate rates of HIV infection among African Americans is an increasing concern in the United States. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of HIV prevention programs on African Americans and social determinants fueling HIV-related risk behaviors. Using literature, this study analyzed the incidences of HIV infection among African Americans in the United States and the effectiveness of the prevention programs. African Americans struggle with mass incarceration, drugs, stigma, criminalization, and lack of economic opportunities, which contribute to the HIV-related risk behaviors. The existing traditional prevention programs in place are not working for African Americans. Tailored and culturally relevant programs should be designed and implemented. Further studies are needed to establish the causal relationships and develop preventive measures.

HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV testing among people with sensory disabilities in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 1398-1406
Author(s):  
Babayemi O Olakunde ◽  
Jennifer R Pharr
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Hearing Impairments ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Related Risk

People with disabilities are an important target population for HIV prevention and treatment programs. In this study, we examined the prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors and HIV testing among people with visual and/or hearing impairments in the United States, and compared with people without any impairments. The study was a secondary data analysis of the 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We performed weighted descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses to determine the association between ever testing for HIV and sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access, and HIV-related risk behaviors. The prevalence of HIV-related risk behaviors was 7.1% (95%CI = 5.4–8.8), 3.9% (95%CI = 3.0–4.9), 3.5% (95%CI = 1.5–5.4), and 5.9% (95%CI = 5.7–6.1) among those with visual, hearing, both visual and hearing, and no impairments, respectively. HIV testing among those with visual impairment was 39.7% (95%CI = 37.0–42.3) and 28.9% (95%CI = 27.3–30.5) among those with hearing impairment. Approximately 26.8% (95%CI = 21.4–32.2) of the respondents with both impairments and 38.0% (95%CI = 37.6–38.3) of those with no impairments had ever tested for HIV. In the adjusted models, the factors associated with HIV testing varied across the subgroups, with only age, race/ethnicity, and HIV-related risk behaviors common to all the four subgroups. Compared with those without any impairments, the odds of ever testing for HIV was significantly higher among respondents with hearing impairment (aOR = 1.3, 95%CI = 1.14–1.38), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, healthcare access, and HIV-related risk behaviors. Targeted interventions that will meet the unique needs of people with visual and/or hearing impairments are required to reduce HIV-related risk behaviors and improve uptake of HIV testing.

scholarly journals Piloting a System for Behavioral Surveillance Among Heterosexuals at Increased Risk of HIV in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A DiNenno ◽  
Alexandra M Oster ◽  
Catlainn Sionean ◽  
Paul Denning ◽  
Amy Lansky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
The Past ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Objectives: During the past decade, the number and proportion of reported HIV cases in the United States acquired through heterosexual contact has increased markedly. CDC employs the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) to monitor risk behaviors and HIV prevalence in high-risk populations. To identify a target population for conducting NHBS among heterosexuals at increased risk for HIV (NHBS-HET), CDC designed, implemented and evaluated a pilot study. Methods: The pilot study was conducted in 25 US metropolitan statistical areas in 2006-7. We recruited men and women who reported sex with at least one opposite-sex partner during the past year for a behavioral survey and HIV test. We investigated the relationship between newly diagnosed HIV infection and individual risk behaviors, sexual network characteristics, and social-structural characteristics to arrive at a definition of a heterosexual at increased risk of HIV. Results: Of 14,750 participants in the analysis, 207 (1.4%) had newly diagnosed HIV infection. Using low socioeconomic status (SES) as a criterion for defining a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV resulted in optimal rates of HIV prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and practicality. Conclusions: Results from the NHBS pilot study underscore the key role of social factors as determinants of HIV infection risk among U.S. heterosexuals, and low SES was incorporated into the definition of a heterosexual at increased risk for HIV in NHBS-HET cycles. Future cycles of NHBS-HET will help tailor prevention programs for those populations most at risk of HIV in the US.

Repression and Crime Control: Why Social Movement Scholars Should Pay Attention to Mass Incarceration as a Form of Repression

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Oliver
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug War ◽  
Academic Field ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The 1960S

The disciplinary insurgency that created the academic field of social movement studies distinguished dissent from crime. This dichotomy has led the field to ignore the relation between the repression of dissent and the control of "ordinary" crime. There was massive repression in the wake of the Black riots of the 1960s that did not abate when the riots abated. The acceleration of the mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States after 1980 suggests the possibility that crime control and especially the drug war have had the consequence of repressing dissent among the poor. Social movement scholars have failed to recognize these trends as repression because of the theoretical turn that built too strong a conceptual wall between crime and dissent. Revisiting this dichotomy is essential for understanding repression today.

scholarly journals HIV Infection and Testing among Latino Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States: The Role of Location of Birth and Other Social Determinants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e73779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Oster ◽  
Kate Russell ◽  
Ryan E. Wiegand ◽  
Eduardo Valverde ◽  
David W. Forrest ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Sex With Men

Health-related risk behaviors among myocardial infarction survivors in the United States: A propensity score matched study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Zufan Yegezu ◽  
Lea Mollon ◽  
Dhafer Mahdi Alshayban ◽  
Jawad Bilal ◽  
Sandipan Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Matched Study

HIV-related risk behaviors and testing among adolescent gay and bisexual boys in the United States

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (13) ◽  
pp. 2107-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babayemi O. Olakunde ◽  
Jennifer R. Pharr ◽  
Daniel A. Adeyinka ◽  
Philip Danquah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
And Bisexual

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV Infection and Risk Behaviors Among Younger and Older Injecting Drug Users in the United States, 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (S3) ◽  
pp. 284-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dita Broz ◽  
Huong Pham ◽  
Michael Spiller ◽  
Cyprian Wejnert ◽  
Binh Le ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injecting Drug Users ◽  
The United States
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