scholarly journals Review of fundamental studies of CO2 fracturing: fracture propagation, propping and permeating

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
Lei Hou
Keyword(s):  
Research Progress ◽  
Permeability Evolution ◽  
Pumping Rate ◽  
Proppant Transport ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Induced Fractures ◽  
Definition Of

CO2 fracturing is one potential technique to relieve environmental issues related to the massive hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. We summarize fundamental studies on overall procedures of CO2 fracturing and analyze research progress related to fracturing, the propping of the induced fractures and permeating CO2 into, then recovering hydrocarbons from, the formation. The key controlling characteristics in CO2 fracturing at each stage are defined, together with a definition of their relative dominance. Fractures generated by CO2 fracturing are typically viewed as of superior complexity but increased tortuosity. Proppant transport during CO2 stimulation is evaluated through consideration of particle settling, remobilization and flowing behaviours. New views of permeability evolution in propped fractures as a function of CO2 saturation are presented. Correlations among each procedure are revealed to identify common issues and key technical details illuminated through multidisciplinary efforts. The field case studies of CO2 fracturing are collected for the analysis of hydraulic parameters and then compared against water-based fracturing. The mismatch between pumping rate and CO2 viscosity is highlighted, suggesting that the role of wellbore friction is an important topic requiring resolution. Suggestions for the optimization of CO2 thickening, the usage of fine proppants and injected form of CO2 are discussed and illustrated. Other open questions remain with respect to the nature of CO2-rock interactions and their resultant impact on permeability evolution and fracture generation – key issues are identified for future investigations to promote the popularization of CO2 fracturing for the concurrent and complementary recovery of native hydrocarbons and sequestration of carbon emissions.

Trust and Social Capital

2009 ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Ben Kei Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Trusting Relationships ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Computational Systems

Regardless of any approach taken for examining social capital, researchers continuously converge on some key issues such as trust and yet diverge on several others about concrete and consistent indicators for measuring social capital. Many researchers believe that presence or absences of social capital can be solely linked to trusting relationships people build with each other as well as social institutions of civil engagement. It is not clearly known however, whether trust itself is a precondition for generating social capital or whether there are other intermediary variables that can influence the role of trust in creating social capital. In addition, similar to social capital, the definition of trust is problematic and it remains a nebulous concept and equally, with many dimensions. Interests in the analysis of trust are wide spread among many disciplines, notably policy analysis, economic development, reliability and security of distributed computational systems and many others. The variety of approaches currently employed to investigate trust and different interpretations of its role in fostering social capital has resulted into a diverse array of knowledge about the concept and its relationship to social capital. This Chapter provides a broader overview of work on trust. It discusses how researchers have used trust as a proxy for measuring social capital.

Logics of Gender Justice and Their Meaning for the Study of Sexuality and Gender Identity: A Dialogue

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-526
Author(s):  
Phillip M Ayoub
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Gender Justice ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Role Of Religion

Abstract This piece dialogues with Htun and Weldon's exceptional new book, The Logics of Gender Justice, as it relates to LGBTI rights. Beyond engaging the authors' questions of when and why governments promote women's rights, I also engage their argument that equality is not one issue but many linked issues, including issues of sexuality and gender identity. My own reflections on their work thus address the contributions the book makes to the study of political science, as well as open questions about how their logic of gender justice might apply across other issue areas less explored in the book. Htun and Weldon's own definition of gender justice also rightly includes space for LGBTQI people, which I see as an invitation to think through the typology in relation to these communities. The piece begins by reflecting on the book's theoretical and methodical innovations around the complexities of gender politics, before moving on to the multi-faceted role of religion in gender justice, and then theoretical assumptions around visibility of the marginalized.

Histories of Design Pedagogy Virtual Special Issue for the Journal of Design History 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. e1-e24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Design Education ◽  
Design History ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Pedagogy ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Practice Elements ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Interdisciplinary Scholarship ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract ‘Histories of Design Pedagogy’ gathers material from across three decades of the Journal of Design History to juxtapose distinct investigations into design education across various geographies, contexts, relationships and methodological concerns. By isolating three overarching themes to structure twelve articles, this introduction also makes an argument towards future design pedagogy, suggesting an Urmodell, or master plan, of elements in design pedagogy that is informed by key issues debated by and through the articles presented. ‘Design Systems and Projects’ addresses the meaning and concept of design, relationships between education and industry, and design training networks. ‘Ethics and Methods’ advocates greater attention to the identities, subjectivities and roles of the designer and of the user as stakeholders in a designed system, the increasing role of research in design practice, elements that affect practice from global design to emerging technologies, and object collections research. The final theme, ‘Critical Histories and Theories’, looks to changes in design history and design studies to inform interdisciplinary scholarship and the future of design practice. Tensions over proportions, boundaries and structures are addressed by this Urmodell, but in the preferred definition of modelling as a mediator, it exists here as a malleable framework over a steadfast solution.

scholarly journals The screening and management of newborns at risk for low blood glucose

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 536-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R Narvey ◽  
Seth D Marks
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Group Experiences ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Abstract Hypoglycemia in the first hours to days after birth remains one of the most common conditions facing practitioners across Canada who care for newborns. Many cases represent normal physiologic transition to extrauterine life, but another group experiences hypoglycemia of longer duration. This statement addresses key issues for providers of neonatal care, including the definition of hypoglycemia, risk factors, screening protocols, blood glucose levels requiring intervention, and managing care for this condition. Screening, monitoring, and intervention protocols have been revised to better identify, manage, and treat infants who are at risk for persistent, recurrent, or severe hypoglycemia. The role of dextrose gels in raising glucose levels or preventing more persistent hypoglycemia, and precautions to reduce risk for recurrence after leaving hospital, are also addressed. This statement differentiates between approaches to care for hypoglycemia during the ‘transitional’ phase—the first 72 hours post-birth—and persistent hypoglycemia, which occurs or presents for the first time past that point.

scholarly journals The demand for competencies in spiritual care in nursing and midwifery education: a literature review

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josephine Attard ◽  
Donia Baldacchino
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Care ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Midwifery Practice ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Assessment Of Competence ◽  
Definition Of

Spirituality is embedded in nursing and midwifery practice and within the role of nurses and midwives. As a result, spirituality is an important element in nursing and midwifery education and practice, an area which has largely been ignored, in spite of the constant call of Professional Bodies for spiritual care competence in the provision of holistic care. This review aimed to analyze the existing literature and research to define competency and identify the key issues around the demand for competencies and education in spiritual care in nursing and midwifery. A search for articles in English was carried out using various search engines, using keywords: ‘competence, competency, definition, nursing, midwifery practice’. The findings showed that consensus on the definition of competency is still inconsistent. The majority of literature acknowledges the dimensions of knowledge, skills and attitudes which support the three components in Bloom’s Taxonomy namely, the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains. Competence in spiritual care is guided by Benner’s theory: From novice to expert. Key issues were identified explaining the demand for competence in spiritual care such as, the complexity of spirituality and spiritual care which requires formal integration of spiritual care within the curricula by incorporating both the ‘taught’ and ‘caught’ perspectives of teaching and learning. Assessment of competence in nursing/midwifery education demands the formulation of generic and specific competencies oriented towards knowledge, skills and attitudes towards spiritual care. Thus, further research is suggested to develop a framework of competencies to be achieved by undergraduate and postgraduate students.

scholarly journals Tales of the unexpected: Integrating career shocks in the contemporary careers literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Akkermans ◽  
Scott E. Seibert ◽  
Stefan T. Mol
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Agency ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Chance Events ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Definition Of

Orientation: This article addresses the interplay between individual agency and contextual factors in contemporary career development processes. In light of the prominence of the former in the contemporary scholarly debate, we present a case for a more comprehensive approach by heeding the latter as well. Research purpose: The main aim of this article was to provide a definition and conceptualisation of career shocks, as well as an agenda for future research on this topic. Motivation for the study: Most of the contemporary careers literature has overemphasised the role of individual agency in career development. While certainly important, we argue that we also need to address the role of context – in this case, career shocks – in order to gain a fuller appreciation of career development processes. Main conclusions and implications: We provide a definition of career shocks based on the existing literature related to chance events and turnover. In addition, we provide an overview of attributes of career shocks, potentially valuable theoretical perspectives and key issues for future research. Contribution: This article brings together several existing streams of literature related to career shocks and provides an integrative definition and conceptualisation. We hope that this will ignite future research on an important but often overlooked topic.

scholarly journals Key psychological issues in the study of religion

Psihologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-363
Author(s):  
Olivera Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Anthropology Of Religion ◽  
Psychological Study ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Definition Of

The current article considers the role of scientific (experimental) psychology in the study of religion and argues that many of the questions central to the history, sociology and anthropology of religion are often psychological and hence require the use of appropriate psychological methods. Psychological study of religion differs from those other disciplines by virtue of its (a) definition of religion (in terms of individual mental states rather than culturally transmitted teachings and socially acquired behaviors), (b) methods of research (designed to elicit and examine relevant mental states), and (c) explanatory aims (concerned with the origin and development of specific cognitive events). Whilst the distinction between individual and social origin of concepts is central to psychological accounts of religion, non-psychological accounts of religion actually dwell on an interaction between the two. It is further argued that some of the key issues in the study of religion -- origin of religious concepts, core religious beliefs, and universality of religious beliefs -- can be most adequately tackled within the framework of cognitive developmental psychology. Possible explanations are suggested for hitherto insufficient involvement of those psychological approaches in the study of religion. .

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document