scholarly journals Assessment of sanitation and water supply system based on longitudinal IFLS data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasapta Erwin Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
System Quality ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dug Wells

Abstrak:Kesehatan masyarakat belum banyak dihubungkan dengan properti fisik lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan antara data kesehatan masyarakat dengan data fisik infrastruktur dan kualitas sumber air dari IFLS dan data kualitas air tanah sebagai salah satu sumber air terbesar yang digunakan oleh masyrakat Indonesia, khususnya Bandung.Kami mengambil data kualitas air di sebanyak 70 titik sumur warga dengan kedalaman bervariasi antara 6 hingga 20 m. Konsentrasi tujuh ion utama dianalisis dengan tambahan pengukuran temperatur, TDS, dan pH di lapangan menggunakan peralatan jinjing yang ringan. Khusus di kawasan bantaran Sungai Cikapundung, kami melakukan identifikasi kandungan bakteriologi, dalam hal ini bakteri E coli. Kemudian di beberapa lokasi, kami dibantu mahasiswa S1, juga melakukan pengukuran berulang (time series) sebanyak empat kali dalam sehari, untuk melihat fluktuasi parameter temperatur, TDS, dan pH pada air sungai.Hasilnya cukup menarik, saat data IFLS dan data penderita diare di Puskesmas, menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara kualitas infrastruktur sumber air dengan jumlah penderita diare. Hal ini didukung dengan peningkatan kandungan E coli di air S. CIkapundung sebesar hampir 2 kali lipat antara kawasan hulu dengan kawasan hilir. Kondisi ini berimbas kepada air tanah, karena pada daerah selatan (dari Viaduct ke Dayeuhkolot), air sungai meresap ke dalam akuifer. Dari sini, kami berpendapat bahwa akan terjadi interaksi yang sangat intensif antara air sumur warga di sekitar sungai (khususnya yang menggunakan pompa) dengan air sungai.Untuk meningkatkan kontribusi kepada ITB dan Kota Bandung pada umumnya, kami mengusulkan adanya portal data hidrologi yang dikelola bersama antara Pemkot Bandung dan ITB agar data didapatkan secara rutin dan dapat dianalisis kapanpun. Hal ini kami usulkan karena seringkali analisis tidak dapat dilakukan secara instan, karena perlu diawali dengan tahapan mencari data.Selain itu, riset ini juga menambah contoh riset terbuka kepada para dosen/peneliti dengan cara: membuat repositori data dan repositori riset yang terbuka (selain Simlitabmas yang masih tertutup), membuat artikel blog yang diperbarui mengikuti perkembangan riset, serta membudayakan konsep open access, yang mana seluruh luaran riset ini bebas untuk dibaca, digunakan/dianalisis ulang, dan dipadukan dengan hasil yang lain (free to read, reuse, remix), untuk berbagai keperluan pembaca.Abstract:Public health has not been connected closely to physical environment. This research looks for the connections between public health using sum of diarrhoea case in Bandung area (using kecamatan puskesmas data) with water quality, water source quality (especially groundwater quality) and sanitation system quality. As we know, groundwater is the main water supply in Indonesia.We took 70 samples from community and private dug wells with depth varied from six to 20 m underground. We measured field parameters using portable equipments: groundwater depth, temperature, TDS, pH, to support lab analysis on seven major ions. In the Cikapundung riverbank, the team had sampled bacteriology content, E coli. Next, at some points, we also brought some undergraduate and master students to measure temperature, TDS, and pH readings in the river water, four times a day for 5 months to see the fluctuation and daily, weekly, and monthly variations.The initial results is interesting, when IFLS data matches with data from puskesmas in the sum of diarrhoea case. We also note a possitive correlation between water supply infrastructure with the diarrhoea case. The concentration of E coli in the river stream increases nearly two times between upstream and downstream. This condition contributes to the groundwater quality given the close connection between both unconfined groundwater and surface water, especially in the southern part with losing stream type. We could expect an intensive mixing between dug wells in the riverbank with river water.To extend our contribution to ITB and Bandung, we also initiate a open data portal for hydrological records that can be managed both my ITB and Bandung government to provide a routine data collecting. We convince this step could solve data sharing problem between governmental unit with data users. We also need to showcase a model of open research implementation among researchers by providing open data repository, project blog, aside to only use close-system Simlitabmas portal. The blog project is the one that take the most of our interest with the increasing number of readers. This research shows another open access way to run a research program, where all of the research outputs are free to read, reuse, and remix by the readers.

scholarly journals Effect of Modified Septic Tank on Groundwater Quality around Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, South-west Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Kofoworola Olatunde ◽  
Modupe Sarumi ◽  
Sadiq Abdulsalaam ◽  
Babatunde Bada ◽  
Funmilola Oyebanji
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Septic Tanks ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells

Groundwater forms a very important part of the water supply chain and its quality can be affected by improperly constructed septic tanks used by homeowners in peri-urban locations such as Abeokuta in recent times. Sixty groundwater samples collected from hand-dug wells ≤15m from septic tanks were analysed for physicochemical and bacteriological parameters using standard procedures. Results were integrated with multivariate and hydrogeochemical analyses to assess the effect improperly built septic tanks have on groundwater quality around the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta. The range of values for the measured parameters include: pH (6.26 – 8.66), EC (83 – 1035 μS cm-1), TDS (42 – 621 mg L-1), Mg2+ (2 – 60 mg L-1), NO3- (5.09 – 17 mg L-1), Fe (-.04 – 5.32 mg L-1), BOD (0.1 – 13.2) and E. Coli (ND – 41×10 cfu mL-1). The abundance of major ions are in the order Ca2+˃Mg2+˃K+˃ Na+ and Cl- ˃SO42- >HCO3- >NO3- ˃PO42-. The piper trilinear plot shows that the dominant hydrochemical facies in the study area is the Ca2+–Cl- type. A correlation analysis and a principal component analysis both reflect intrusions from biological wastes such as surrounding septic tanks or municipal waste disposals as well as dissolutions from basal rocks. The possibility of infiltration from sewage into groundwater is confirmed by the number of samples with high BOD, NO3-, and E. coli concentrations. Contamination of groundwater with sewage exposes the populace to acute excreta-related illness. This therefore calls for stringent monitoring and management measures to be put in place by relevant regulatory authorities to safeguard the human health and environment within the study area.

scholarly journals Born-Open Data for E-Prime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Cousineau
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Data Frame ◽  
Science Practices ◽  
Data Practices ◽  
Data Files ◽  
Access Data

Born-Open Data experiments are encouraged for better open science practices. To be adopted, Born-Open data practices must be easy to implement. Herein, I introduce a package for E-Prime such that the data files are automatically saved on a GitHub repository. The BornOpenData package for E-Prime works seamlessly and performs the upload as soon as the experiment is finished so that there is no additional steps to perform beyond placing a package call within E-Prime. Because E-Prime files are not standard tab-separated files, I also provide an R function that retrieves the data directly from GitHub into a data frame ready to be analyzed. At this time, there are no standards as to what should constitute an adequate open-access data repository so I propose a few suggestions that any future Born-Open data system could follow for easier use by the research community.

scholarly journals Waterborne diarrhoeal infection risk from multiple water sources and the impact of an earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-476
Author(s):  
Yuri Ito ◽  
Sadhana Shrestha Malla ◽  
Arun Prasad Bhattarai ◽  
Eiji Haramoto ◽  
Junko Shindo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
High Price ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Water Ingestion ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Estimated Risk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, locals depend on multiple water sources due to the limited access to safe water, which is a great global concern regarding its impact on human health. This study aimed to compare the infection risk of diarrhoea from multiple water sources with different concentrations of Escherichia coli among water supply areas and evaluate the impact of changing water sources due to the Gorkha earthquake on the infection risk. The concentration of enteropathogenic E. coli was estimated in samples of piped water, jar water, groundwater, and tanker water, which were collected in the Valley. The volume of each water ingestion was determined based on a questionnaire survey and considering drinking and bathing sources. The highest estimated risk was observed for households drinking groundwater from shallow dug wells, followed by tanker water. The estimated risk implied the regional disparity due to various water sources with different quality. After the earthquake, the ratio of households drinking only jar water increased, and the estimated risk decreased. The damage on piped water supply, the decrease of tanker water availability and the decrease of residents’ trust in groundwater quality presumably enhanced the consumption of jar water despite its high price.

scholarly journals Characteristics of available studies and dissemination of research using major clinical data sharing platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 174077452110385
Author(s):  
Enrique Vazquez ◽  
Henri Gouraud ◽  
Florian Naudet ◽  
Cary P Gross ◽  
Harlan M Krumholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Biological Specimen ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Access Project ◽  
Project Data

Background/Aims: Over the past decade, numerous data sharing platforms have been launched, providing access to de-identified individual patient-level data and supporting documentation. We evaluated the characteristics of prominent clinical data sharing platforms, including types of studies listed as available for request, data requests received, and rates of dissemination of research findings from data requests. Methods: We reviewed publicly available information listed on the websites of six prominent clinical data sharing platforms: Biological Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center, ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com , Project Data Sphere, Supporting Open Access to Researchers–Bristol Myers Squibb, Vivli, and the Yale Open Data Access Project. We recorded key platform characteristics, including listed studies and available supporting documentation, information on the number and status of data requests, and rates of dissemination of research findings from data requests (i.e. publications in a peer-reviewed journals, preprints, conference abstracts, or results reported on the platform’s website). Results: The number of clinical studies listed as available for request varied among five data sharing platforms: Biological Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center (n = 219), ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com (n = 2,897), Project Data Sphere (n = 154), Vivli (n = 5426), and the Yale Open Data Access Project (n = 395); Supporting Open Access to Researchers did not provide a list of Bristol Myers Squibb studies available for request. Individual patient-level data were nearly always reported as being available for request, as opposed to only Clinical Study Reports (Biological Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center = 211/219 (96.3%); ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com  = 2884/2897 (99.6%); Project Data Sphere = 154/154 (100.0%); and the Yale Open Data Access Project = 355/395 (89.9%)); Vivli did not provide downloadable study metadata. Of 1201 data requests listed on ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com , Supporting Open Access to Researchers–Bristol Myers Squibb, Vivli, and the Yale Open Data Access Project platforms, 586 requests (48.8%) were approved (i.e. data access granted). The majority were for secondary analyses and/or developing/validating methods ( ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com  = 262/313 (83.7%); Supporting Open Access to Researchers–Bristol Myers Squibb = 22/30 (73.3%); Vivli = 63/84 (75.0%); the Yale Open Data Access Project = 111/159 (69.8%)); four were for re-analyses or corroborations of previous research findings ( ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com  = 3/313 (1.0%) and the Yale Open Data Access Project = 1/159 (0.6%)). Ninety-five (16.1%) approved data requests had results disseminated via peer-reviewed publications ( ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com  = 61/313 (19.5%); Supporting Open Access to Researchers–Bristol Myers Squibb = 3/30 (10.0%); Vivli = 4/84 (4.8%); the Yale Open Data Access Project = 27/159 (17.0%)). Forty-two (6.8%) additional requests reported results through preprints, conference abstracts, or on the platform’s website ( ClinicalStudyDataRequest.com  = 12/313 (3.8%); Supporting Open Access to Researchers–Bristol Myers Squibb = 3/30 (10.0%); Vivli = 2/84 (2.4%); Yale Open Data Access Project = 25/159 (15.7%)). Conclusion: Across six prominent clinical data sharing platforms, information on studies and request metrics varied in availability and format. Most data requests focused on secondary analyses and approximately one-quarter of all approved requests publicly disseminated their results. To further promote the use of shared clinical data, platforms should increase transparency, consistently clarify the availability of the listed studies and supporting documentation, and ensure that research findings from data requests are disseminated.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Studies of Ground Water in Parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaiah S. Akoteyon
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Dug Wells

Abstract Groundwater samples were randomly collected from forty-five protected dug wells and thirteen boreholes in parts of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria. Samples were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids in situ. Cations (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate, sulphate and carbonates) were determined in the laboratory after standard procedure. The study is aimed at examining the extent of groundwater pollution and its possible sources using multivariate and graphical techniques. Rockware software was used to characterize groundwater composition while the sample locations were mapped with ArcMap 9.3 software. The results show high mean value in the groundwater characteristics of the protected dug wells compared to the boreholes. A significant relationship exists among EC/ TDS and major ions indicating the influence of sea water on the groundwater quality. The dominant cations and anions are in the order of: Ca2+ > Mg2+ >Na+ > K+; and Cl- >HCO3 - > SO42+ respectively. Factor analysis extracted two major sources of pollution (sea water and industrial) responsible for the processes controlling groundwater quality in the area. The Piper plot revealed seven distinct water types including Ca-HCO3, Ca-Cl, Mg-HCO3, Na-SO4, Mg-Cl, Na-HCO3 and Na-Cl representing 44.8%, 25%, 15.5%, 5.2%, 3.4%, 3.4%, and 1.7% respectively. The paper recommended monitoring of groundwater abstraction and treatment of industrial effluent before being released into the subsurface to prevent salinization and quality deterioration in the study area.

scholarly journals Building an Open Data Repository for a Specialized Research Community: Process, Challenges and Lessons

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limor Peer ◽  
Ann Green
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Digital Repository ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Digital Collection ◽  
Redundant Storage ◽  
Research Findings

In 2009, the Institution for Social and Policy Studies (ISPS) at Yale University began building an open access digital collection of social science experimental data, metadata, and associated files produced by ISPS researchers. The digital repository was created to support the replication of research findings and to enable further data analysis and instruction. Content is submitted to a rigorous process of quality assessment and normalization, including transformation of statistical code into R, an open source statistical software. Other requirements included: (a) that the repository be integrated with the current database of publications and projects publicly available on the ISPS website; (b) that it offered open access to datasets, documentation, and statistical software program files; (c) that it utilized persistent linking services and redundant storage provided within the Yale Digital Commons infrastructure; and (d) that it operated in accordance with the prevailing standards of the digital preservation community. In partnership with Yale’s Office of Digital Assets and Infrastructure (ODAI), the ISPS Data Archive was launched in the fall of 2010. We describe the process of creating the repository, discuss prospects for similar projects in the future, and explain how this specialized repository fits into the larger digital landscape at Yale.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality assessment of domestic shallow dug wells in parts of Tanah Merah district, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Kishan Raj Pillai Mathialagan ◽  
Hafzan Eva Mansor ◽  
Ainaa Mardhiya ◽  
Zakiyah Ainul Kamal ◽  
Mohammad Muqtada Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Major Ion ◽  
Dug Wells

Groundwater resources have become an important fresh water supply due to its increasing demandsfor agricultural, drinking and industrial uses. Groundwater is often contaminated by the process ofindustrial development and suburbanization that has gradually advanced over time without anyconcern for environmental consequences. The objective of this study is to analyse the groundwaterquality of shallow dug wells in parts of Tanah Merah district by conducting quality assessment ofgroundwater using WHO and MHO guide lines. Groundwater samples were collected from dugwells uniformly spread out across the study area to investigate the major ion chemistry of thegroundwater as well as physical parameter. The major ion being investigated are sodium,magnesium, calcium, potassium, sulphate, nitrate, chloride and bicarbonates. Various methods havebeen were employed to determine the major ions concentration in the samples such as atomicabsorption spectrophotometer for cations, gravimetric method for sulphates, titration method forchloride and bicarbonates and colorimetric method for nitrate ion. From the analysed data’s, mostwells are safe for drinking purpose although quite a small amount of ion concentration has surpassedthe permissible limit set by WHO and MOH. The graphical presentation of major ion chemistryaids in identifying two types of groundwater. Ionic species such as Na-K-HCO3 and mixed typewaters are likely to occur in the groundwater system. The analysed major ions concentrationsindicates that majority of the shallow dug wells reported adequate or lower values compared topermissible limit which are safe and can be utilized for various domestic purposes includingdrinking. Several recommendations has been suggested to proliferate the groundwater quality suchas strictly monitoring and supervising the dissipation of waste such as pesticides, industrial effluentand domestic sewage into the aquifer.

Challenges of Water Resource Development and Management in Zing Town, Taraba State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-360
Author(s):  
E D Oruonye ◽  
E Bange
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Water Resource Development ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Development And Management

This study examined the challenges of water resource development and management in Zing town,Taraba State, Nigeria. The study considered issues of sources of water supply in Zing town, the nature of water challenges, impacts of the water challenges on the socio-economic life of the people, water management strategies and prospect of urban water resource development in the study area. 110 questionnaires were systematically administered in ten streets that were purposively selected in Zing town. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result of the finding indicates that majority (45.5%) of the respondent have their water source from borehole, 18.2% streams, 18.2% hand dug wells and 9.1% from other sources (mostly water vendors). The study shows that 68.2% of the respondents had their water point located outside their households, while only 31.8% claimed to have their water sources located within their compounds (this is mostly hand dug wells). The nature of water challenge in the area ranges from severe (50%), not severe (27.3%) and normal (22.7%). The results also shows that only 34% of respondents claimed to have access to sufficient water daily, while 66% of the respondents hardly have access to sufficient water on daily basis. The study shows that the water management strategy adopted mostly by the respondent ranges from storing water in large container (48.2%), reduce water use (29.1%), increase amount spent on water (13.6%) and others 9.1% (mainly re-use of water). The prospect of water resource development in the study area is very bright with the proposal of a small earth dam in Monkin settlement by the Federal Government of Nigeria. The Monkin small earth dam which is meant to generate 500KW of electricity can be integrated into an urban water supply project in the area. This will assure more reliable water supply all year round. It will also help to overcome some of the challenges of servicing the hand pumps which rendered them inadequate when they break down. This study recommends the need to replace the old and obsolete borehole equipment with new ones and increase the number of boreholes to meet the increasing water demand in the area.

Analisis Hidrolis dan Jejak Karbon Jaringan Distribusi Air Bersih di Pulau Kecil Padat Penduduk (Pulau Lengkang Kecil, Kota Batam)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rizki Apritama ◽  
I Wayan Koko Suryawan ◽  
Yosef Adicita
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Island Community ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment

ABSTRACTThe clean water supply system network on Lengkang Kecil Island was developed in 2019. A small portion of the community's freshwater comes from harvesting rainwater and dug wells, which are only obtained during the rainy season. The primary source of clean water used by the community comes from underwater pipelines with a daily discharge of 0.86 l/sec. The water supply of the Lengkang Kecil Island community is 74.3 m3/day, with 146 House Connections (HCs) and to serve public facilities such as elementary schools, primary health centers, and mosques. Hydraulic evaluation of clean water distribution using EPANET 2.0 software on flow velocity shows the lowest rate of 0.29 m/s and the highest of 1.21 m/s. The lowest pressure value in the distribution system is 6.94-6.96 m and headloss units in the range 0.08-0.25 m/km. These three criteria are still within the distribution network design criteria (feasible). A carbon footprint can be calculated from each activity from the analysis of the evaluation of clean water distribution networks. The most massive emissions came from pumping activities with 131 kg CO2-eq, followed by emissions from wastewater 62.5 kgCO2-eq. Further research is needed to determine the quality of wastewater and the design for a centralized wastewater treatment plant (IPALT) to improve Lengkang Kecil Island residents' living standards.Keywords: Lengkang Kecil Island, water, EPANET, carbon footprintABSTRAKJaringan sistem penyediaan air bersih pada Pulau Lengkang Kecil dimulai pada tahun 2019. Sebagian kecil air bersih yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pemanenan air hujan dan sumur gali yang hanya didapat pada musim hujan. Sumber air bersih utama yang digunakan masyarakat berasal dari pengaliran perpipaan bawah laut dengan debit harian 0,86 l/detik. Kebutuhan air masyarakat Pulau Lengkang Kecil adalah 74,3 m3/hari dengan 146 Sambungan Rumah (SR) serta untuk melayani fasilitas umum seperti sekolah dasar (SD), puskesmas, dan masjid. Evaluasi hidrolis distribusi air bersih dengan menggunakan software EPANET 2.0 terhadap kriteria kecepatan aliran menunjukkan nilai terendah 0,29 m/s dan tertinggi 1,21 m/s. Nilai sisa tekan dalam sistem distribusi adalah 6,94–6,96 m dan unit headloss pada kisaran 0,08–0,25 m/km. Ketiga kriteria ini masih berada dalam kriteria desain jaringan distribusi (layak). Dari analisis evaluasi jaringan distribusi air bersih, dapat dihitung jejak karbon yang dihasilkan dari setiap kegiatannya. Emisi terbesar berasal dari kegiatan pemompaan dengan nilai 131 kgCO2-eq, diikuti dengan emisi yang berasal dari air limbah dengan nilai 62,5 kgCO2-eq. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengetahui kualitas dari air limbah dan desain untuk instalasi pengolahan air limbah terpusat (IPALT) untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup penduduk Pulau Lengkang Kecil.Kata kunci: Pulau Lengkang Kecil, air, EPANET, jejak karbon

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document