Consenting to Computer Use

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Grimmelmann
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer User ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Legal Question ◽  
Factual Question ◽  
Fact Finding ◽  
Authorized Access ◽  
Computer Fraud

The federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (“CFAA”) makes it a crime to “access[] a computer without authorization or exceed[] authorized access.” Courts and commentators have struggled to explain what types of conduct by a computer user are “without authorization.” But this approach is backwards; authorization is not so much a question of what a computer user does, as it is a question of what a computer owner allows.In other words, authorization under the CFAA is an issue of consent, not conduct; to understand authorization, we need to understand consent. Building on Peter Westen’s taxonomy of consent, I argue that we should distinguish between the factual question of what uses a computer owner manifests her consent to and the legal question of what uses courts will deem her to have consented to. Doing so allows us to distinguish the different kinds of questions presented by different kinds of CFAA cases, and to give clearer and more precise answers to all of them. Some cases require careful fact-finding about what reasonable computer users in the defendant’s position would have known about the owner’s expressed intentions; other cases require frank pol-icy judgments about which kinds of unwanted uses should be considered serious enough to trigger the CFAA.Published: 84 George Washington Law Review 1500 (2016)

PSYCHOLOGY OF COMPUTER USE: XXIX. MEASURING COMPUTER USERS' STRESS: THE COMPUTER HASSLES SCALE

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD A. HUDIBURG ◽  
SARA R. BROWN ◽  
T. MORRIS JONES
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Computer Users

Computer Vision Syndrome among Internet Users

2012 ◽  
pp. 782-798
Author(s):  
Liang Hu ◽  
Fan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer User ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Computer Vision Syndrome ◽  
Computer Environments

The chapter is intended to introduce Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS), a widely spreading but largely unknown epidemic among professional and ordinary computer users, especially internet users. Dr. Sheedy and Dr. Anshel are two leading researchers in the ergonomics and optometry fields, and CVS has been extensively studied in these fields. The authors have summarized their views about CVS, including five major symptoms of CVS, three key contributing factors of CVS, and basic preventive and treatment strategies. Future researches are needed to continue the advancement of current knowledge regarding computer screens, computer task, and computer environments, and to expand research in diverse computer user populations, especially younger computer users.

Fear for Online Adolescents

2010 ◽  
pp. 136-151
Author(s):  
Myron Orleans
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer Usage ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Sexual Solicitation ◽  
Contagion Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
The Common

The research literature regarding fears associated with online activities of adolescents was reviewed and assessed in relation to earlier research reported by the author. The original qualitative study focused on the interactions between the social networks of young adolescents and their computer usage. Particular attention was devoted to determining whether heavy computer use tended to isolate adolescent users. The findings challenged the common attributions of prevalent danger, that heavy youthful computer users would experience social isolation. That earlier research led to further questioning of the potential harm of computer use in relation to contagion effects and alarms raised regarding sexual solicitation via the Internet. Recent literature was examined to assess whether danger warnings have been magnified, distorted, or manipulated for ideological purposes. Contrary to popular considerations, the interpersonal lives and computer activities of early adolescents reciprocally reinforced patterns of behavior that lowered the likelihood of risk behaviors to a significantly greater degree than did direct parental involvement. Recommendations to responsible adults were offered to re-focus energies and efforts in directions that would support appropriate computer use and promote pro-social behaviors of online adolescents.

scholarly journals ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE EMPIRICAL IDIOSYNCRASY IN EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND E-BUSINESS TERMINOLOGY

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-198
Author(s):  
ulia Veronica COCU ◽  
◽  
Carmen OPRIȚ-MAFTEI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer User ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Technology Domain

The domain of computer science is extremely versatile and dynamic, its complexity leading to the coinage of numerous new terms in a relatively short period of time. Their origin is, more often than not, empirical and these new terms have practical value. Moreover, they are customary and easy to remember, thus making the “science” behind the domain under scrutiny more appealing and easier to understand by non-specialists. The present paper aims at investigating the computer science terminology from a different perspective; it intends to devote special attention to the words which have acquired a new meaning, transgressing boundaries from general vocabulary to the active vocabulary of the non-specialist computer user. The novelty of this research lies in its focus on devising a new classification of these words which have their origin in the general English, thus helping non-specialist computer users to easily understand and use them. Consequently, the everyday English words assimilated by the information technology domain will be divided into six broad categories, i.e. standalone words, open compounds, closed or transparent compounds, compounds written as hyphenated words or that have a preposition or a conjunction as a linking element, words derived with the suffix –er, each of these encompassing a plethora of explained examples, which are very common in the aforementioned sphere

scholarly journals Immediate Effect of Posture Correction of Trapezius Activity in Computer Users Having Neck Pain – An Electromyographic Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwalpreet Kaur ◽  
Pooja Das ◽  
P. Lenka ◽  
Shahhawaz Anwer
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Postural Correction ◽  
Group B ◽  
Lower Trapezius

Objectives: Aberrant activity of the trapezius muscle and associated postural abnormalities have been identified as potential factors for neck pain in computer users, thus postural correction is often advocated. The purpose of this trial was to examine the effect of specific scapular postural correction exercises on middle and lower trapezius activity. Methods: Sixty participants matched for the duration of daily computer use were included in the study. Twenty had no neck pain and exhibited “good” scapular posture (constituting Control group C), while forty reported pain (Neck Disability Index ≥ 15/100) for ≥ 3 months over 12 month period. The latter were randomly allocated to one of the two groups (A and B). Electromyographic recordings were taken from the middle and lower trapezius at rest and during typing. After 20-minutes of typing participants in group A (n=20) practiced scapular postural correction exercises while participants in group B (n=20) relaxed. Electromyographic recordings were repeated in a second typing task. Results: Following correction of the scapular posture in group A, middle trapezius activity became similar to the control group (P = 0.229) with no effect on lower trapezius activity (P < 0.001). Significant normalization did not occur after relaxation exercises (P = 0.004). Conclusion: Intermittent scapular postural correction exercises were effective in altering the middle and lower trapezius activity during computer use and may be advised for prevention of neck pain.

Effectiveness of self-instructional information on knowledge of office ergonomics among computer users in educational institutions in North-Eastern Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganiyu Oluwaleke Shokunbi ◽  
Gabriel George
Keyword(s):  
Computer Use ◽  
T Test ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Instructional Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Paired T Test

Background: The use of computers has increased among adolescents, as have musculoskeletal symptoms. There is evidence that these symptoms can be reduced through ergonomic approaches via educationObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of self-instructional information on knowledge regarding office ergonomics among computer users. Methods: 170 computer users among the staffs of selected higher educational institutions in Nigeria participated in this study. The occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) workstation checklist was used to assess the level of knowledge of office ergonomics. The work Safely with Visual Display Terminal (WSVDT) booklet was used to provide instructional information on office ergonomics. Both the OSHA checklist and WSVDT booklet were administered and collected by hand. Paired t-test and Kendall’s correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was set at an alpha level of 0.05Results: The pre-information and post-information knowledge scores of office ergonomic were 22.78±6.61 and 31.05±2.82 respectively.  Paired t test showed a significant difference in the pre information and post -information knowledge scores of the participants (t = 20.495, P value = 0.000). Kendall’s correlation coefficient value (r) of the association between changes in the level of knowledge of office computer ergonomic and age, level of education of computer users, levels of computer use; i.e., daily computer use, weekly computer use and total period of computer use,  were -0.28, 0.34, 0.59, 0.24 and 0.07, respectively. Age did not show a statistically significant correlation with changes in the knowledge of office ergonomic (P > 0.05) whereas the level of educational qualifications and all levels of duration of computer use did show significant correlation (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Findings from this study showed that instructional information on computer office ergonomics increased the level of knowledge of office ergonomics among computer users in selected institutions of learning in Nigeria. It also showed that the level of education and duration of computer use increased with an increase in the changes in the level of knowledge of computer office ergonomics among computer users.

Psychology of Computer Use: XXXIV. The Computer Hassles Scale: Subscales, Norms, and Reliability

1995 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Hudiburg
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Coefficient Alpha ◽  
Computer Users ◽  
Normative Database ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Item Scale

Data from 1199 student users formed the normative database for the Computer Hassles Scale, a 37-item scale measuring computer users' stress. The Computer Hassles Scale was scored to yield a severity of hassles score for the total scale and two subscales, Computer Runtime Errors and Computer Information Problems. The total scale and both subscales showed high internal consistency as measured by the Cronbach coefficient alpha. Guidelines for identifying high and low severity of computer users' stress were suggested.

Computer Use and Predictors of Life Satisfaction Among Older Adult Computer Users

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Katsamanis ◽  
Nicholas K. Lim ◽  
Carmen Roca ◽  
Maria Karavidas
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Computer Use ◽  
Computer Users

Spyware

2009 ◽  
pp. 593-608
Author(s):  
Mathias Klang
Keyword(s):  
Computer Users ◽  
Computer User ◽  
Natural Manner ◽  
The Individual

It is well known that technology can be use as to effectively monitor the behavior of crows and individuals and in many cases this knowledge may b the motivation for people to behave differently than if they were not under surveillance. This internalization of surveillance has been widely discussed in privacy literature. Recent software developments have created new threats to the integrity of the individual. Today a form of software, commonly known as spyware, poses an increased threat of covert surveillance. Computer users subjected to spyware are often unaware of the surveillance and therefore continue to behave in a natural manner. This chapter argues that the integrity of the computer user is not protected under law and any rights the user may believe she has are easily circumvented.

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