Magnocellular Pathway and Reading Rate: An Equivalence Test Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Edwards ◽  
Christopher Schatschneider
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Letter Naming ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deficit Theory

Previous research has revealed conflicting results with regard to the role of the magnocellular visual system in reading and dyslexia. In order to investigate this further, the present study examined the relationship between performance on two magnocellular tasks (temporal gap detection and coherent motion), reading rate (oral and silent), and rapid letter naming (serial and isolated naming). Results showed that in a sample of 83 college students magnocellular performance was not significantly correlated with reading rate or rapid letter naming. Equivalence test analyses showed all correlations between magnocellular performance and reading rate or rapid letter naming to be within the bounds of -0.3 to 0.3. This provides evidence against the idea that having low magnocellular performance will result in poor reading ability. In opposition to the magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia, these results suggest that a magnocellular deficit is not causally related to reading rate.

The Role of Reading Rate in the Informal Assessment of Reading Ability

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell Morris ◽  
Woodrow Trathen ◽  
Elizabeth M. Frye ◽  
Linda Kucan ◽  
Devery Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Ability ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Informal Assessment

Illness-related worries as a mediator among depression, anxiety and self-care in heart failure patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Nastaran Mansouriyeh ◽  
Hamid Poursharifi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Taban Sadeghi ◽  
Mohammad Raze Seirafi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Care Behavior

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of illness-related worries as a mediator among depression, anxiety and self-care in heart failure (HF) patients was the aim of this study.Design/methodology/approachThis study was descriptive and correlational study. In total, 149 patients with HF were selected for sampling in 2016. Patients completed self-care behavior scale, illness-related worries questionnaire and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaires. The Pearson correlation coefficient and Sobel test were also done.FindingsAccording to the analysis of the Sobel test, the role of illness-related worries as a mediator in the relationship between depression and self-care result was −5.37. Sobel test analysis was done to assess the role of illness-related worries as mediator between anxiety and self-care (6.66). The correlation between depression and self-care was 0.488 (p<0.01); correlation between anxiety and self-care was 0.4 (p<0.01); correlation between anxiety and depression was 0.79 (p<0.01); and the correlation between illness-related worries and self-care was 0.71 (p<0.01).Originality/valueIllness-related worries can serve as a mediator in the relationship among depression, anxiety and self-care. There was a significant correlation among the research variables. Therefore, educational programs to reduce depression, anxiety and increase self-care should be given priority to for HF patients.

scholarly journals The Brain Basis of the Phonological Deficit in Dyslexia Is Independent of IQ

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Tanaka ◽  
Jessica M. Black ◽  
Charles Hulme ◽  
Leanne M. Stanley ◽  
Shelli R. Kesler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Poor Readers ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Low Iq ◽  
Behavioral Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Multivariate Pattern

Although the role of IQ in developmental dyslexia remains ambiguous, the dominant clinical and research approaches rely on a definition of dyslexia that requires reading skill to be significantly below the level expected given an individual’s IQ. In the study reported here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine whether differences in brain activation during phonological processing that are characteristic of dyslexia were similar or dissimilar in children with poor reading ability who had high IQ scores (discrepant readers) and in children with poor reading ability who had low IQ scores (nondiscrepant readers). In two independent samples including a total of 131 children, using univariate and multivariate pattern analyses, we found that discrepant and nondiscrepant poor readers exhibited similar patterns of reduced activation in brain areas such as left parietotemporal and occipitotemporal regions. These results converge with behavioral evidence indicating that, regardless of IQ, poor readers have similar kinds of reading difficulties in relation to phonological processing.

Magnocellular Pathway and Reading Rate: An Equivalence Test Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-273
Author(s):  
Ashley A. Edwards ◽  
Christopher Schatschneider
Keyword(s):  
Reading Rate ◽  
Magnocellular Pathway ◽  
Equivalence Test ◽  
Test Analysis

Underlying Role of Rumination-Mediated Attachment Style Plays In PTSD After TIA And Stroke

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiping Zhou ◽  
Linjing Zhang ◽  
Tonggui Li ◽  
Weiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Style ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medication Compliance ◽  
Attachment Anxiety ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Adult Attachment Style ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective: Attachment and rumination was examined as intermediary variable on post-traumatic stress disorder and medication compliance in stroke or TIA patients.Methods: 300 participants with stroke or TIA form The Second Hospital of Hebei Province were selected. Patients accomplished NIHSS, ABCD2, ECR, RSQ and RRS on admission. After 3 months the PCL-C and MMAS were collected.Results: In this stroke or TIA patients, the incident of PTSD was 7.7%; PTSD scores were significantly associated with attachment anxiety (r= 0.225，p<0.01), symptom rumination (r= 0.197, p<0.01), and obsessive thinking (r=0.187, p<0.01).After Sobel test analysis and verification by Baron and Kenny (1996) 's method, we found that ruminant mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD; obsessive thinking mediated the relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD.Conclusions: The relationship between attachment anxiety and PTSD was positively predicted by rumination and obsessive thinking. Adult attachment style, rumination and PTSD scores may not predict medication compliance.

scholarly journals Hubungan peranan teman sebaya dengan perkembangan sosial emosional siswa-siswi kelas X di SMK Negeri 2 Sewon Bantul Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evi Suryandari ◽  
Sulistiyawati Sulistiyawati ◽  
Lia Endriyani
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Teenagers are the time to mature with the rapid development of physical, cognitive, emotional and social. Not all adolescents get through smoothly. Emotional, social problems marked aggressiveness and delinquency during 2016 in DIY recorded 43 cases of student brawl, perpetrators of children aged 14-18 years. One of the factors that influence is peers. Teens spend a lot of time hanging out with their peers, so peers are influential in emotional-social development. To know the relationship of peer role with emotional-social development of students at SMK Negeri 2 Sewon Bantul Yogyakarta. The design of this research is analytic descriptive with a cross-sectional approach — the sampling condition used cluster random sampling method with 107 student sample. The research instrument used is a peer role questionnaire and emotional, social development questionnaire — bivariate statistical test using Pearson. The majority of respondents were women of 81 people (75.7%), 16 years of age 77 people (72%), peer role was 81 people (75.7%), and emotional, social development both 101 people (94.4 %). The role of peers is with emotional-social development, both 76 (71.0%). Result of bivariate test analysis obtained p-value = 0,028 and correlation coefficient value 0,213. There is a significant relationship between the role of peers with emotional-social development in the students at SMK Negeri 2 Sewon Bantul Yogyakarta

scholarly journals Hubungan Intensitas Keikutsertaan Hypnobirthing dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil di Gianyar

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Martalisa ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Putu Wulan Budisetyani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Birth Process ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Coefficient Corrélation ◽  
Keywords Pregnancy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

During the pregnancy, a mother has experienced a significant changes to the physiological function and their psychological that causing an anxiety. Pregnant women who experience excessive anxiety during pregnancy until the delivery would cause pain during childbirth and this must be addressed, namely pregnant women should have the peace that the birth process to be smooth. Many natural ways that can be used to help reduce maternal anxiety, one way is to follow the hypnobirthing techniques. There are a lot of natural ways that can be used to help them decreased their anxiety. One thing that can be done is following the hypnobirthing technique. The aim of this research is to observed the relationship of hypnobirthing participation intensity with the anxiety levels of pregnant woman. The subject of this research were 20 pregnant women who take the hypnobirthing techniques with a gestational age around 7-9 months in Gianyar. The sample were selected using total sampling method. The anxious scale of the subjects were pointing to the aspects that stated by Daradjat. The intensity of participation in hypnobirthing  is accounted by  present list. The method of analyzing data in this research was by using the spearman non-parametric analysis. This research uses unused and try out the validity of the results obtained from 0,270 to 0.738, while the value of reliability for (a = 0.908). The result of the test analysis data is, there was a significant nominal for p=0,001 (p<0,05) with coefficient correlation value it is  -689.  That coefficient correlation has indicated that there was a negative relation between the anxious variable, to the participation of hypnobirthing intensity. Therefore, the hypothesis (Ha) in this research was acceptable. That is, if the intensity of the routine participation hypnobirthing  the anxiety level will decrease. Support of the role of fathers and families in the process of hypnobirthing is highly recommended for pregnant women in order to obtain better results.   Keywords: pregnancy women, anxiety, hypnobirthing

Correlation of Magnocellular Function with Measurements of Reading in Children

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Keyword(s):  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Visual Motion ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Coherent Motion ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Motion Sensitivity ◽  
Vision Therapy

Purpose: Children with reading disability frequently exhibit reduced sensitivity to motion, as assessed by coherent motion thresholds (CMT) and critical flicker frequency (CFF). A retrospective analysis was conducted to evaluate whether there was a correlation between reading fluency as measured by the Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency (TOSWRF), reading rate (as measured with the Visagraph II Eye Movement System), and pseudoword decoding (as measured with the pseudoword decoding subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Achievement Test, WIAT-II), and these two visual motion sensitivity tests. Methods: 68 children between the ages of 7-16 years presented to the principal investigator’s optometric practice for a vision therapy evaluation between June 1st 2010 and March 31st 2011. As part of the standard protocol for vision therapy evaluations, they were assessed using the CMT, CFF, TOSWRF, WIAT-II (pseudoword decoding subtest), and Visagraph II. The patients were divided into reading ability groups based on the published recommendations from the TOSWRF manual. Individuals at the 25% or below level were labeled as poor fluency, individuals in the 26th to 74th% level were labeled average fluency, and those in the 75% or higher level were labeled as good fluency. Results: Pearson correlations were computed between the dependent variables revealing several important relationships: Fluency (TOSWRF) correlated significantly with all of the dependent measures selected for study. Of these measures, the WIAT-II subtest score correlated the most strongly at a moderate level (r = +0.569). Reading rate (Visagraph II) was the next strongest correlate of fluency, with changes in rate accounting for 26.5% of the variance in fluency. The variables of CMT and CFF were combined with rate in two follow-up, logistic regressions to determine whether their inclusion added to the classification accuracy of rate. Both variables improved the specificity of rate, which has a high likelihood of false positives. CMT maintained the sensitivity of rate while boosting specificity, whereas CFF caused a decline in the sensitivity of rate while greatly improving specificity. Reading rate with CFF and with CMT both had an overall accurate prediction of fluency of 84%. Conclusions: Silent word reading fluency correlated with CMT, CFF, reading rate, and WIAT-2. Combining reading rate with a motion sensitivity test (either CMT or CFF) maintained good sensitivity, while greatly improving specificity. Clinicians should consider adding a motion sensitivity test to the Visagraph II reading rate assessment when evaluating school-age children who may be at risk for reading fluency deficits.

Subvocal Speech, Reading Rate, and Comprehension

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1343-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Reilley Freese
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Reading Rate ◽  
Reading Process ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Valuable Role

The relationship of subvocal speech and reading rate to comprehension of 25 children, ranging from 8 to 15 years of age, was investigated by means of electromyographic (EMG) recordings taken while the subjects silently read two meaningful passages. The first was orthographically regular, and the second was composed of approximately sixty percent homophones, Labial muscle action recordings, latencies, and comprehension measures were obtained. Variables derived from these measures were used to predict reading age Profiles derived from the EMGs provided information about how each reader processed the information from the reading passages. The empirical results of the study provide strong support for the valuable role of subvocal speech in the extraction of information and the importance of readers demonstrating the ability to use flexibility of the reading process when reading for meaning.

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