scholarly journals Map-like representations of an abstract conceptual space in the human brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levan Bokeria ◽  
Richard Henson ◽  
Robert M Mok
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Navigation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Semantic Spaces

Much of higher cognition involves abstracting away from sensory details and thinking conceptually. How do our brains learn and represent such abstract concepts? Recent work has proposed that neural representations in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which are involved in spatial navigation, might also support learning of higher-level knowledge structures. These ideas are supported by findings that neural representations in MTL, as well as medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), are involved in “navigation” of simple two-dimensional spaces of visual stimuli, social spaces and odor spaces. A recent study in the Journal of Neuroscience by Viganò & Piazza (2020) takes this research further by suggesting that entorhinal cortex (EHC) and mPFC are capable of mapping not only sensory spaces, but also abstract semantic spaces. In this opinion piece, we first describe the paradigm and results of the study, as well as the importance of the findings for the field. We then raise several methodological concerns and suggest changes to the paradigm to address these issues. Finally, we discuss potential future research directions including experimental and modelling approaches to tackle outstanding questions in the field.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Artur Makar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

Electrochemical polymerization for two-dimensional conjugated polymers

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (40) ◽  
pp. 10672-10686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Huanli Dong ◽  
Wenping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Electrochemical Polymerization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Recent Research Progress

This article places special focus on the recent research progress of the EP method in synthesizing CPs. In particular, their potential applications as 2D CPs are summarized, with a basic introduction of the EP method, its use in synthesizing CPs as well as the promising applications of the obtained CPs in different fields. Discussions of current challenges in this field and future research directions are also given.

Machine Learning and Cognitive Algorithms for Engineering Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Perlovsky ◽  
Gary Kuvich
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Abstract Concepts ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Universal Representation

Mind is based on intelligent cognitive processes, which are not limited by language and logic only. The thought is a set of informational processes in the brain, and such processes have the same rationale as any other systematic informational processes. Their specifics are determined by the ways of how brain stores, structures, and process this information. Systematic approach allows representing them in a diagrammatic form that can be formalized. Semiotic approach allows for the universal representation of such diagrams. In that approach, logic is a way of synthesis of such structures, which is a small but clearly visible top of the iceberg. The most efforts were traditionally put into logics without paying much attention to the rest of the mechanisms that make the entire thought system working autonomously. Dynamic fuzzy logic is reviewed and its connections with semiotics are established. Dynamic fuzzy logic extends fuzzy logic in the direction of logic-processes, which include processes of fuzzification and defuzzification as parts of logic. The paper reviews basic cognitive mechanisms, including instinctual drives, emotional and conceptual mechanisms, perception, cognition, language, a model of interaction between language and cognition upon the new semiotic models. The model of interacting cognition and language is organized in an approximate hierarchy of mental representations from sensory percepts at the “bottom” to objects, contexts, situations, abstract concepts-representations, and to the most general representations at the “top” of mental hierarchy. Knowledge Instinct and emotions are driving feedbacks for these representations. Interactions of bottom-up and top-down processes in such hierarchical semiotic representation are essential for modeling cognition. Dynamic fuzzy logic is analyzed as a fundamental mechanism of these processes. Future research directions are discussed.

scholarly journals Graphene-based membranes: status and prospects

2016 ◽  
Vol 374 (2060) ◽  
pp. 20150024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Wook Yoon ◽  
Young Hoon Cho ◽  
Ho Bum Park
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Graphene Membranes

Recently, graphene-based membranes have been extensively studied, represented by two distinct research directions: (i) creating pores in graphene basal plane and (ii) engineering nanochannels in graphene layers. Most simulation results predict that porous graphene membranes can be much more selective and permeable than current existing membranes, also evidenced by some experimental results for gas separation and desalination. In addition, graphene oxide has been widely investigated in layered membranes with two-dimensional nanochannels, showing very intriguing separation properties. This review will cover state-of-the-art of graphene-based membranes, and also provide a material guideline on future research directions suitable for practical membrane applications.

scholarly journals Two-dimensional pnictogens: A review of recent progresses and future research directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 021308 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ersan ◽  
D. Kecik ◽  
V. O. Özçelik ◽  
Y. Kadioglu ◽  
O. Üzengi Aktürk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions

scholarly journals Clustering Analysis of the Population in Db_SHADE Algorithm

MENDEL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Adam Viktorin ◽  
Roman Senkerik ◽  
Michal Pluhacek ◽  
Tomas Kadavy
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Exploration And Exploitation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Adaptive Differential Evolution ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Exploration Phase

This paper provides an analysis of the population clustering in a novel Success-History based Adaptive Differential Evolution algorithm with Distance based adaptation (Db_SHADE) in order to analyze the exploration and exploitation abilities of the algorithm. The comparison with the original SHADE algorithm is performed on the CEC2015 benchmark set in two dimensional settings (10D and 30D). The clustering analysis helps to answer the question about prolonged exploration phase of the Db_SHADE algorithm. Possible future research directions are drawn in the discussion and conclusion.

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