Automated Pose Estimation in Primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Hayden ◽  
Hyun Soo Park ◽  
Jan Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Information Measures ◽  
Pose Tracking ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Behavioral Measurement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tracking Technology

Understanding the behavior of primates is important for primatology, for psychology, and for biology more broadly. It is also important for biomedicine, where primates are an important model organism, and whose behavior is often an important variable of interest. Our ability to rigorously quantify behavior has, however, long been limited. On one hand, we can rigorously quantify low-information measures like preference, looking time, and reaction time; on the other, we can use more gestalt measures like behavioral categories tracked via ethogram, but at high cost and with high variability. Recent technological advances have led to a major revolution in behavioral measurement that offers affordable and scalable rigor. Specifically, digital video cameras and automated pose tracking software can provide measures of full body position (i.e., pose) of primates over time (i.e., behavior) with high spatial and temporal resolution. Pose-tracking technology in turn can be used to infer behavioral states, such as eating, sleeping, and mating. We call this technological approach behavioral imaging. In this review, we situate the behavioral imaging revolution in the history of the study of behavior, argue for investment in and development of analytical and research techniques that can profit from the advent of the era of big behavior, and propose that primate centers and zoos will take on a more central role in relevant fields of research than they have in the past.

Three Dimensional Video Imaging for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Diagnosis

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Reino ◽  
William Lawson ◽  
Baxter J. Garcia ◽  
Robert J. Greenstein
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Image Distortion ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Video Imaging ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Technological Advances

Technological advances in video imaging over the last decade have resulted in remarkable additions to the armamentarium of instrumentation for the otolaryngologist. The use of video cameras and computer generated imaging in the operating room and office is invaluable for documentation and teaching purposes. Despite the obvious advantages of these systems, problems are evident, the most serious of which include image distortion and inability to judge depth of field. For more than 6 decades 3D imaging has been neither technically nor commercially successful. Reasons include alignment difficulties and image distortion. The result is “visual fatigue,” usually in about 15 minutes. At its extreme, this may be characterized by headache, nausea, and even vomiting. In this study, we employed the first 3D video imager to electronically manipulate a single video source to produce 3D images; therefore, neither alignment nor image distortions were produced. Of interest to the clinical surgeon, “visual fatigue” does not seem to occur; however, with prolonged procedures (greater than 2 hours) there exists the potential for physical intolerance for some individuals. This is the first unit that is compatible with any rigid or flexible videoendoscopic system and the small diameter endoscopes available for endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, prerecorded 2D tapes may be viewed in 3D on an existing VCR. The 3D image seems to provide enhanced anatomic awareness with less image distortion. We have found this system to be optically superior to the 2D video imagers currently available.

Lithostratigraphic and tectonic framework of Jurassic and Cretaceous Intermontane sedimentary basins of south-central British Columbia1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 870-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Riddell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Hydrocarbon Exploration ◽  
South Central ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Exploration Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geophysical Imaging ◽  
Glacial Cover

The south-central Intermontane belt of British Columbia has a complex architecture comprising late Paleozoic to Mesozoic volcanic and plutonic arc magmatic suites, marine and nonmarine clastic basins, high-grade metamorphic complexes, and accretionary rocks. Jurassic and Cretaceous clastic basins within this framework contain stratigraphy with hydrocarbon potential. The geology is complicated by Cretaceous to Eocene deformation, dismemberment, and dislocation. The Eocene to Neogene history of the southern Intermontane belt is dominated by non-arc volcanism, followed by Pleistocene to Recent glaciation. The volcanic and glacial cover makes this a difficult region to explore for resources. Much recent work has involved re-evaluating the challenges that the overlying volcanic cover has historically presented to geophysical imaging of the sedimentary rocks in this region in light of technological advances in geophysical data collection and analysis. This paper summarizes the lithological and stratigraphic framework of the region, with emphasis on description of the sedimentary units that have been the targets of hydrocarbon exploration.

scholarly journals Ice sheets viewed from the ocean: the contribution of marine science to understanding modern and past ice sheets

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1980) ◽  
pp. 5512-5539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colm Ó Cofaigh
Keyword(s):  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
West Antarctic Ice Sheet ◽  
West Antarctic ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Polar Ice Sheets ◽  
History Of ◽  
Geophysical Imaging

Over the last two decades, marine science, aided by technological advances in sediment coring, geophysical imaging and remotely operated submersibles, has played a major role in the investigation of contemporary and former ice sheets. Notable advances have been achieved with respect to reconstructing the extent and flow dynamics of the large polar ice sheets and their mid-latitude counterparts during the Quaternary from marine geophysical and geological records of landforms and sediments on glacier-influenced continental margins. Investigations of the deep-sea ice-rafted debris record have demonstrated that catastrophic collapse of large (10 5 –10 6  km 2 ) ice-sheet drainage basins occurred on millennial and shorter time scales and had a major influence on oceanography. In the last few years, increasing emphasis has been placed on understanding physical processes at the ice–ocean interface, particularly at the grounding line, and on determining how these processes affect ice-sheet stability. This remains a major challenge, however, owing to the logistical constraints imposed by working in ice-infested polar waters and ice-shelf cavities. Furthermore, despite advances in reconstructing the Quaternary history of mid- and high-latitude ice sheets, major unanswered questions remain regarding West Antarctic ice-sheet stability, and the long-term offshore history of the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets remains poorly constrained. While these are major research frontiers in glaciology, and ones in which marine science has a pivotal role to play, realizing such future advances will require an integrated collaborative approach between oceanographers, glaciologists, marine geologists and numerical modellers.

Galatea II: Reborn of a Classic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Castro Ruiz ◽  
Rodrigo Perez Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Military Training ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
General Arrangement ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Merchant Ship ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Naval Officers

The history of the Galatea dates back to the 19th century when in 1896 she was launched and Christianised as Glenlee at Glasgow. She sailed as a merchant ship in the United Kingdom and Italy during the first period of her operational life, and was later adapted with mechanical propulsion. After several circumnavigations, in 1922 she was renamed Galatea to serve in the Spanish Navy, where she remained in service for 60 years. Since 1993 she has been resting in her hometown in Scotland as a museum ship. As a tribute to the extensive and remarkable history of this ship, and in order to recover and preserve the naval tradition in Spain, it has been proposed to design a ship with the same morphology as the Glenlee to stoke the spirit of the Galatea and inspire the construction of new sailing ships. She will be adapted as a military training ship of the Spanish Navy. Therefore, studies in stability, propulsion, general arrangement and structural calculations will be necessary to validate the transformation of the Glenlee into a new Galatea II complying with mandatory regulations and technological advances that will encourage its operation to the future naval officers of the Spanish Navy.

Social Media and Social Change

2014 ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Goldkind ◽  
John G. McNutt
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Comprehensive System ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Words And Images ◽  
Media And Technology ◽  
Nonprofit Advocacy

Technological advances in communications tools, the Internet, and the advent of social media have changed the ways in which nonprofit organizations engage with their various constituents. Nonprofits now have a constellation of tools including: interactive social media sites, mobile applications (apps), Websites, and mash-ups that allow them to create a comprehensive system for mobilizing supports to advocate for changing public policies. From Facebook to Twitter and from YouTube to Pinterest, communicating to many via words and images has never been easier. The authors explore the history of nonprofit advocacy and organizing, describe the social media and technology tools available for moving advocacy goals forward, and conclude with some possible challenges that organizations considering these tools could face.

SMART

2011 ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
Esteban Pino ◽  
Dorothy Curtis ◽  
Thomas Stair ◽  
Lucila Ohno-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Disaster Management System

Patient monitoring is important in many contexts: at mass-casualty disaster sites, in improvised emergency wards, and in emergency room waiting areas. Given the positive history of use of monitoring systems in the hospital during surgery, in the recovery room, or in an intensive care unit, the authors sought to use recent technological advances to enable patient monitoring in more diverse circumstances: at home, while traveling, and in some less well-monitored areas of a hospital. This chapter presents the authors’ experiences in designing, implementing and deploying a wireless disaster management system prototype in a real hospital environment. In addition to a review of related systems, the sensors, algorithms and infrastructure used in our implementation are presented. Finally, general guidelines for ubiquitous methodologies and tools are shared based on the lessons learned from the actual implementation.

Using Technology in the World of Play

2011 ◽  
pp. 130-145
Author(s):  
Laura Baylot Casey ◽  
Kay C. Reeves ◽  
Elisabeth C. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Natural Combination

Child development experts have been raising alarms about the increasingly didactic and test-driven path of early childhood education as many programs eliminate play from their schedules. This limits the potential of technology use in play which is a natural combination for young children as play technologies become globally accepted as leisure time and learning activities. Play and technology both have their unique place in society and are often thought of as two separate entities. However, in today’s technology driven world, the separateness of the two is no longer as apparent as the two are beginning to blend. This blend is exciting but leaves educators with questions. Specifically, questions related to the following: (a) How do educators ensure that the child is challenged in every developmental domain and (b) How do educators create and facilitate opportunities for exposure to the traditional stages of play while also making sure that the child stays abreast of the latest and greatest technological advances? This chapter begins with the history of play and walks the reader to the issues educators are facing when technology and play merge.

SMART

2011 ◽  
pp. 261-275
Author(s):  
Esteban Pino ◽  
Dorothy Curtis ◽  
Thomas Stair ◽  
Lucila Ohno-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Disaster Management System

Patient monitoring is important in many contexts: at mass-casualty disaster sites, in improvised emergency wards, and in emergency room waiting areas. Given the positive history of use of monitoring systems in the hospital during surgery, in the recovery room, or in an intensive care unit, the authors sought to use recent technological advances to enable patient monitoring in more diverse circumstances: at home, while traveling, and in some less well-monitored areas of a hospital. This paper presents the authors’ experiences designing, implementing and deploying a wireless disaster management system prototype in a real hospital environment. In addition to a review of related systems, the sensors, algorithms and infrastructure used in our implementation are presented. Finally, general guidelines for ubiquitous methodologies and tools are shared based on the lessons learned from the actual implementation.

SMART

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Esteban Pino ◽  
Dorothy Curtis ◽  
Thomas Stair ◽  
Lucila Ohno-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Mass Casualty ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
Disaster Management System

Patient monitoring is important in many contexts: at mass-casualty disaster sites, in improvised emergency wards, and in emergency room waiting areas. Given the positive history of use of monitoring systems in the hospital during surgery, in the recovery room, or in an intensive care unit, the authors sought to use recent technological advances to enable patient monitoring in more diverse circumstances: at home, while traveling, and in some less well-monitored areas of a hospital. This paper presents the authors’ experiences designing, implementing and deploying a wireless disaster management system prototype in a real hospital environment. In addition to a review of related systems, the sensors, algorithms and infrastructure used in our implementation are presented. Finally, general guidelines for ubiquitous methodologies and tools are shared based on the lessons learned from the actual implementation.

Historical Instruments for the Modern Sinus Surgeon

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Sabrina A. Brody-Camp ◽  
Dane A. Weinert ◽  
Edward D. McCoul
Keyword(s):  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Instruments

Background Despite a proliferation of technological advances in sinonasal surgery, “cold steel” instruments still comprise the core of the sinus surgeon’s tools of the trade. Many of these implements retain eponyms that recall the legacies of prominent surgeons of the past. Objective This review aims to familiarize the reader with the lives of 10 men who designed and popularized some of the most recognizable sinus instruments, without which the practice of rhinologic surgery would be unrecognizable. Results Ten individuals whose inventions are still used to this day and retain their names: Hartmann, Killian, Freer, Blakesley, Weil, Frazier, Grünwald, Hajek, Takahashi, and Cottle. Conclusion Review of the history of these instruments helps demonstrate how sinus surgery has evolved to where it is today. The men described in this review transformed the practice of rhinologic surgery with their ingenuity and perseverance.

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