scholarly journals Moral character in the workplace

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taya R. Cohen ◽  
Abigail T. Panter ◽  
Nazli Bhatia ◽  
Lily Morse ◽  
Yeonjeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Moral Identity ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diary Studies ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Ethics Code

In two three-month diary studies and a large cross-sectional survey, we identified distinguishing features of adults with low versus high levels of moral character. Adults with high levels of moral character tend to consider the needs and interests of others and how their actions affect other people (e.g., they have high levels of Honesty-Humility, empathic concern, guilt proneness), regulate their behavior effectively, specifically with reference to behaviors that have positive short-term consequences but negative long-term consequences (e.g., they have high levels of Conscientiousness, self-control, consideration of future consequences), and value being moral (e.g., they have high levels of moral identity-internalization). Cognitive moral development, Emotionality, and social value orientation were found to be relatively undiagnostic of moral character. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that low-moral-character employees committed harmful work behaviors more frequently and helpful work behaviors less frequently than high-moral-character employees, according to their own admissions and coworkers’ observations. Study 3 revealed that low-moral-character adults committed more delinquent behavior and had more lenient attitudes toward unethical negotiation tactics as compared to high-moral-character adults. By showing that individual differences have consistent, meaningful effects on employees’ behaviors, after controlling for demographic variables (e.g., gender, age, income) and basic attributes of the work setting (e.g., enforcement of an ethics code), our results contest situationist perspectives that de-emphasize the importance of personality. Moral people can be identified by self-reports in surveys, and these self-reports predict consequential behaviors months after the initial assessment.

scholarly journals Propensity to Corrupt Decisions of Pre-Candidates to the 2020 Brazilian Municipal Elections

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanete Schneider Hahn ◽  
Eliane Schleder Cezar Bonatti ◽  
Anderson Antônio Mattos Martins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Moral Identity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
Unethical Decision Making ◽  
Individual Self

- Objective: to analyze the propensity for corrupt decision-making by pre-candidates for mayor and councilor, analyzing the 2020 Brazilian municipal elections. - Theoretical framework: the study is theoretically based on the behavioral aspect of corruption, as deviant behavior, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic motivations to corruption, which are subdivided into: propensity to unethical decision-making, individual self-control, moral identity, guilt, and disengagement moral. - Methodology: A quantitative, exploratory, and descriptive study was conducted. In the operationalization, a cross-sectional survey was used, with the data collected through a structured questionnaire applied to a valid sample of 115 pre-candidates for the 2020 municipal elections. The data analysis used univariate and bivariate statistical techniques. - Results: (1) a sample have low propensity for unethical decision-making, high individual self-control, high moral identity, low guilt, and low propensity for moral disengagement; (2) there is a significant and positive association between the variables of individual self-control with guilt, moral disengagement; and moral identity is shown to be positively associated with moral disengagement, and moral disengagement positively with the variable of having a previous elective position or not. - Originality: The main contribution of the research is the analysis of the theme on municipal legislators and executors, in the version of pre-candidates. - Theoretical and practical contributions: (1) low representation of women even as pre-candidates; (2) the sample considers the ‘other’ pre-willing politicians to make unethical decision-making, but not themselves; (3) sample with a high capacity for self-control, especially the part of the sample that did not have a previous elective position; (4) women have a higher degree of guilt than men, that is, they are less disposed to unethical decisions or corruption; (5) it can be said that the sample has a low propensity to deviant behaviors, that is, corruption.  

scholarly journals MANAGER’S SOCIAL INFLUENCE ON AGGRESSION MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATIONAL COMMITMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Continue Anddison Eketu ◽  
◽  
Friday Ogbu Edeh ◽  
Abid Hussain Nawaz ◽  
Chukwu Agnes Ugboego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Organisational Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Aggression Management ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to investigate manager’s social influence on the relationship between aggression management and organisational commitment using cross-sectional survey. Accessible population of five manufacturing companies operating in Enugu state was surveyed. One hundred and ninety six participants completed the instrument but only one hundred and eighty two were returned and found valid for analysis. Face validity was used to determine the validity of instrument used. Cronbach α was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Frequency distribution and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient were used to conduct the analysis. Result of the study revealed that aggression management has positive significant relationship with organisational commitment. On the other hand, manager’s social influence positively and significantly moderates the relationship between aggression management and organisational commitment. The study concludes that aggression management measured in terms of self-control and punishment enhances organisational commitment. The implication of this study is that managers, policy makers and human resource professionals should use their social influence in handling aggressive behaviour in the workplace so as to increase the commitment of their subordinates which will in turn increase profitability, growth and expansion of the organisation.

scholarly journals The impact of gender and academic achievement on the violation of academic integrity for medical faculty students, a descriptive cross-sectional survey study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Müesser Özcan ◽  
Neşe Yeniçeri ◽  
Edip Güvenç Çekiç
Keyword(s):  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Data Collection Tool ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slight Tendency ◽  
Ethics Code ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of medical faculty students about violations of academic integrity. Method From the whole population of the 572 students of the Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University Faculty of Medicine, 271 students participated voluntarily in a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Descriptive data were recorded in the survey and a five-point Likert-type instrument, namely the Tendency towards Academic Dishonesty Scale, was used as the data collection tool in the study. The scale included 22 items’ means that are considered to evaluate “Tendency towards academic dishonesty” (TTAD) score. In addition, four subscales, namely “Tendency towards cheating”, “Dishonesty in works such as assignments and projects”, “Tendency towards dishonesty in research and reporting processes” and “Tendency towards citation dishonesty” scores were evaluated separately. Results Of the participants, 138 (53.3%) were male. TTAD scores were 2.15 ± 0.61, showing a slight tendency towards academic dishonesty, according to the scale. TTAD scores and standard deviations (SD) were 2.26 ± 0.65 and 2.04 ± 0.55 for men and women, respectively (P = 0.005). There was no difference in the TTAD scores for students whether they had read the ethics code. Significant differences were observed in the TTAD scores for students with gender, different academic achievements and in different academic years. However, when multivariate analysis was performed, the significance shown in the results disappeared. Conclusion In our study, a slight tendency to academic dishonesty was found for medical faculty students and there were no differences between all of the recorded individual factors of students.

scholarly journals Children’s and parents’ perceptions of the determinants of children’s fruit and vegetable intake in a low-intake population

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1224-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asa Gudrun Kristjansdottir ◽  
Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij ◽  
Knut-Inge Klepp ◽  
Inga Thorsdottir
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Intake ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
At Home

AbstractObjectiveTo study the differences between children’s self-reports and parents’ reports on environmental determinants of fruit and vegetable intake among 11-year-old children in the European country with the lowest reported consumption. A second objective was to examine the observed variance in fruit and vegetable intake among the children.DesignA cross-sectional survey was performed in Iceland as a part of the Pro Children cross-Europe survey. Children’s usual fruit and vegetable intake and its determinants were assessed through self-reports from the children (n963) and their parents’ reports.ResultsChildren reported lower availability and accessibility of fruits at home than did their parents, while the reports of children and parents for vegetables were more in agreement. A larger proportion of the observed variance in children’s fruit and vegetable intake could be explained by the child’s perception than by the parent’s perception of determinants. The strongest determinants for fruit and vegetable intake according to the children’s reports were availability at home, modelling, demanding family rule and knowledge of recommendations. The strongest modelling determinant for fruit was the father’s fruit intake while for vegetables it was eating vegetables together with the family.ConclusionEleven-year-old children should be asked themselves what determines their fruit and vegetable intake. However, children reported determinants in the physical and social environment, of which the parents are a part, as an important determinant for their intake. Interventions aiming to increase fruit and vegetable intake among children must therefore target the parents.

Low Self-Control and Fraud

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Holtfreter ◽  
Michael D. Reisig ◽  
Nicole Leeper Piquero ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Partial Regression Coefficient ◽  
Low Self Control

Extant research demonstrates that offending and victim populations overlap to some degree, suggesting that a common underlying factor partially explains both outcomes. The current study tests whether low self-control explains the overlap in fraud offending and victimization exposure. Using cross-sectional survey data from a sample of undergraduate students ( N = 305), the results from the regression models show that low self-control is associated with fraud offending. The findings also show that individuals with lower levels of self-control report that they are more likely to behave in ways that elevate their exposure to fraud victimization. Finally, in the fraud offending—victimization exposure multivariate models, the partial regression coefficient for low self-control is positive and statistically significant. In short, the findings demonstrate that the overlap between fraud offending and victimization exposure is partially explained by low self-control.

scholarly journals Usage of and satisfaction with Integrated Community Case Management care in western Uganda: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Miller ◽  
Palka Patel ◽  
Sara Mian-McCarthy ◽  
Andrew Christopher Wesuta ◽  
Michael Matte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Community Case Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Integrated Community Case Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Children Under 5

Abstract Background In some areas of Uganda, village health workers (VHW) deliver Integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) care, providing initial assessment of children under 5 years of age as well as protocol-based treatment of malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea for eligible patients. Little is known about community perspectives on or satisfaction with iCCM care. This study examines usage of and satisfaction with iCCM care as well as potential associations between these outcomes and time required to travel to the household’s preferred health facility. Methods A cross-sectional household survey was administered in a rural subcounty in western Uganda during December 2016, using a stratified random sampling approach in villages where iCCM care was available. Households were eligible if the household contained one or more children under 5 years of age. Results A total of 271 households across 8 villages were included in the final sample. Of these, 39% reported that it took over an hour to reach their preferred health facility, and 73% reported walking to the health facility; 92% stated they had seen a VHW for iCCM care in the past, and 55% had seen a VHW in the month prior to the survey. Of respondents whose households had sought iCCM care, 60% rated their overall experience as “very good” or “excellent,” 97% stated they would seek iCCM care in the future, and 92% stated they were “confident” or “very confident” in the VHW’s overall abilities. Longer travel time to the household’s preferred health facility did not appear to be associated with higher propensity to seek iCCM care or higher overall satisfaction with iCCM care. Conclusions In this setting, community usage of and satisfaction with iCCM care for malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea appears high overall. Ease of access to facility-based care did not appear to impact the choice to access iCCM care or satisfaction with iCCM care.

Legal Cynicism, Legitimacy, and Criminal Offending

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1265-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Reisig ◽  
Scott E. Wolfe ◽  
Kristy Holtfreter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Validity ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Criminal Offending ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Socialization ◽  
Legal Cynicism ◽  
Compliance With The Law ◽  
Low Self Control

Prior research suggests that legal orientations (or domains of legal socialization), such as legitimacy and legal cynicism, influence compliance with the law (or criminal offending). The aim of this study was to assess a potential threat to the internal validity of these findings. Specifically, the authors test whether one potential confounder, low self-control, attenuates the observed effects of legal orientations on self-reported criminal offending. Using cross-sectional survey data from 626 adult participants, the results of regression models show that criminal offending is significantly shaped by both legal cynicism and legitimacy, even after taking into account individual variations in self-control. In short, the findings demonstrate that legitimacy and legal cynicism exert direct independent effects on law-violating behavior and that these relationships are not confounded by low self-control.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Self-Reported Hypertension, Diabetes, and Hyperlipidemia among Adults of Liwan, Guangzhou, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijie GUO ◽  
Yi YU ◽  
Yilu YE ◽  
Shudong ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Self Reports

Background: We aimed to determine the accuracy of self-reported diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in Chinese adults and examine factors that affect the accuracy of self-reports. Methods: This representative cross-sectional survey was conducted in Liwan District, Guangzhou City, Southeast China. Self-reported data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Biometrical data were recorded, including blood lipid, blood glucose and arterial blood pressure levels. Sensitivity, specificity, and κ values of self-reports were used as measurements of accuracy or agreements. The Robust Poisson-GEE was applied to determine the association of participants’ characteristics with the accuracy of self-reports. Results: Self-reported and biometrical data of 1278 residents aged 18 yr and older (693 women and 585 men) were used to calculate three measures of agreement. The agreement between self-reports and biomedical measurements was substantial for both hypertension and diabetes (κ=0.77 and 0.76), but only slight for hyperlipidemia (κ=0.06). Similarly, the sensitivity was higher for hypertension and diabetes (72.3% and 71.2%) than for hyperlipidemia (6.8%), while the specificity was high overall (≥98%). The factors associated with an accurate self-reported diagnosis in respondents with disease included having undergone blood pressure measurement (for hypertension) or blood glucose measurement (for diabetes) in the past 6 month, having attended health knowledge lectures in the past year and having social health insurances (for hypertension), and having undergone physical discomfort in the past 2 weeks (for hypertension and diabetes). Conclusion: The accuracy of self-reported hypertension and diabetes was high, whereas that of self-reported hyperlipidemia was lower among the population.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document