The role of Accurate Self-Assessments in Optimising Mate Choice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn Harper ◽  
Fiona Stanley ◽  
Morgan Sidari ◽  
Anthony J Lee ◽  
Brendan P. Zietsch
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Match Quality ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Self Assessments

Individuals are thought to seek the best possible romantic partner in exchange for their own desirability. We investigated the strategies that individuals use when choosing a partner, and whether these strategies optimise the quality of mutually interested partners (‘matches’). Further, we investigated whether these matching outcomes were affected by the accuracy of one’s self-perceived mate value. Participants (1501 total) took part in a speed dating experiment whereby they rated themselves and others on attractiveness variables and indicated their willingness to date each opposite sex partner they interacted with. We then calculated participants’ selectivity, minimum and maximum standards, accuracy, match quality, and match quantity. Individuals were somewhat accurate in their self-evaluations, and these self-evaluations guided individual’s minimum and maximum quality standards for a potential partner, leading to higher quality matches. These findings extend social exchange models by emphasising the adaptiveness of accurate self-evaluations in mating contexts.

scholarly journals The Possible Role of the Uropygial Gland on Mate Choice in Domestic Chicken

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Hirao
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Individual Recognition ◽  
Copulatory Behavior ◽  
Uropygial Gland ◽  
Odor Cues ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Efferent Projections ◽  
Opposite Sex

In avian mating systems, male domestic fowls are polygamous and mate with a number of selected members of the opposite sex. The factors that influence mating preference are considered to be visual cues. However, several studies have indicated that chemosensory cues also affect socio-sexual behavior, including mate choice and individual recognition. The female uropygial gland appears to provide odor for mate choice, as uropygial gland secretions are specific to individual body odor. Chicken olfactory bulbs possess efferent projections to the nucleus taeniae that are involved in copulatory behavior. From various reports, it appears that the uropygial gland has the potential to act as the source of social odor cues that dictate mate choice. In this review, evidence for the possible role of the uropygial gland on mate choice in domestic chickens is presented. However, it remains unclear whether a relationship exists between the uropygial gland and major histocompatibility complex-dependent mate choice.

scholarly journals The Roles of Altruism, Heroism, and Physical Attractiveness in Female Mate Choice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacey Margana ◽  
Manpal Singh Bhogal ◽  
James Edward Bartlett ◽  
Daniel Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Female Mate ◽  
Mating Signal

The role of prosocial behaviour in female mate choice has been extensively explored, focusing on the desirability of altruism in potential mates, as well as altruism being a mating signal. However, little research has focused on the desirability of heroism and altruism in potential partners. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of attractiveness on the desirability of prosocial traits has only recently been explored, and to our knowledge, has not explored in relation to the desirability of heroism in a romantic partner. We explored the effect of prosociality and attractiveness on female desirability ratings (n=198), and whether desirability was influenced by whether women were seeking a short-term or long-term relationship. We find that women are attracted to men who display heroism and altruism, and this preference is higher when the male is attractive compared to unattractive. Furthermore, preferences for prosocial traits were higher when seeking a long-term compared to a short-term partner. Our findings add to the literature on prosocial behaviour and mate choice. Data and materials [https://osf.io/a76p8/?view_only=95408822fa9f447bb93ba37ad7bae84b].

scholarly journals Self-assessment of football referees on their educational influence on children aged 9–12 during a sports competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Płoszaj ◽  
Wiesław Firek
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Instructional Support ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Educational Interactions ◽  
Educational Potential ◽  
Educational Influence

Abstract Proper use of the educational potential of sports depends on the entities organizing children’s sports competitions (coaches, parents, referees). Particularly important is their awareness of the purposefulness and legitimacy of actions taken. Numerous studies have been devoted to the role of the coach and parents in providing children and young people with positive sporting experiences. In contrast, the referee has often been overlooked. The behavior of the referees during the match is also important for young players. Assuming that referee-player interactions have a major contribution to educational influence, the purpose of this study was to explore the opinions of soccer referees refereeing matches of children aged 9 to 12 years about their interactions with players in terms of emotional support, game organization, and instructional support. It was also decided to verify whether referees’ self-assessment of their educational function is influenced by experience. The research was conducted among 116 referees licensed by Mazovian Football Association who referee matches of children aged 9–12 years (Orliki and Młodziki categories) in the Masovian Voivodeship in Poland. To assess the referee-players educational interaction, a questionnaire survey was developed. These interactions are present in three domains: emotional support, game organization and instructional support. The results showed significant differences between referees’ self-assessments in the three domains. Referees rated their educational interactions with players higher in the domain of emotional support than the instructional support. Moreover, the results indicated that there was no differences in the referees’ self-assessment between the groups distinguished by more experienced in the domains of emotional support and game organization, while less experienced referees rated the quality of their educational interactions in the instructional support domain higher than those more experienced. The main conclusion of the research is the postulate to introduce pedagogical and psychological issues into the referee training.

scholarly journals The Importance of Intact Senses in Mating and Social Assessments Made by Deaf Individuals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Oleszkiewicz ◽  
Paulina Idziak ◽  
Marta Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Mate Selection ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Potential Partner ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Multimodal Process

AbstractSocial perception is a multimodal process involving vision and audition as central input sources for human social cognitive processes. However, it remains unclear how profoundly deaf people assess others in the context of mating and social interaction. The current study explored the relative importance of different sensory modalities (vision, smell, and touch) in assessments of opposite- and same-sex strangers. We focused on potential sensory compensation processes in mate selection (i.e., increased importance of the intact senses in forming impressions of an opposite-sex stranger as a potential partner). A total of 74 deaf individuals and 100 normally hearing controls were included in the study sample. We found diminished importance of vision and smell in deaf participants compared with controls for opposite- and same-sex strangers, and increased importance of touch for the assessment of same-sex strangers. The results suggested that deaf people rely less on visual and olfactory cues in mating and social assessments, highlighting a possible role of sign language in shaping interpersonal tactile experience in non-romantic relationships.

Quality Standards for Herbal Drugs and Herbal Drug Preparations – Appropriate or Improvements Necessary?

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (06/07) ◽  
pp. 350-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Länger ◽  
Erich Stöger ◽  
Wolfgang Kubelka ◽  
Keith Helliwell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Single Marker ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing

AbstractStandards for quality control as defined in the European Pharmacopoeia contribute significantly to a consistent and high quality of herbal drugs, herbal drug preparations, and herbal medicinal products. The minimum content of single plant constituents is considered of high relevance. Therefore, nearly all monographs on herbal drugs or herbal drug preparations contain an obligatory assay.However, a critical evaluation of the data published for such assayed constituents reveals that in most cases these constituents have to be considered as purely analytical markers without correlation to quality or efficacy. Examples where the assay does not meet its objective support the need to adapt current quality standards. Moreover, the trend to increase the content of certain constituents may lead to significant modifications to traditional manufacturing processes.In order to initiate a scientific discussion, the role of the assay in the context of quality requirements, quality documentation in the manufacturing process, safety, and efficacy is discussed and possible alternatives to the single marker assay are examined.

Mate Choice in Black-Billed Magpies: The Role of Male Quality versus Quality of Defended Resources

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjit S. Dhindsa ◽  
David A. Boag ◽  
Petr E. Komers
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Male Quality

scholarly journals The Influence of Mate Choice Motivation on Non-financial Altruism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manpal Singh Bhogal ◽  
James Edward Bartlett ◽  
Daniel Farrelly
Keyword(s):  
Mate Choice ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Altruistic Behavior ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Mating Signal ◽  
Cohen's D

Several studies have found that individuals are more altruistic towards potential mates than others, suggesting altruistic behavior may be a mating signal. Much of the literature focuses on financial altruism using economic games, however altruism can also comprise of non-financial acts, which this experiment examined in an attempt to replicate and refine these previous findings. A study was conducted with 199 participants, who viewed both high attractive and low attractive opposite-sex images, and were asked how likely they would be to altruistically share their research credits with the person in the image, whilst controlling for self-rated attractiveness. The findings suggest that both men and women were more altruistic towards pictures of high attractive than low attractive potential mating partners (Cohen’s d = 0.37). This study therefore partially replicates previous research exploring the role of mate choice effects when exploring non-financial altruism.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COMMUNAL SPACE TO THE INTERACTION OF GENERATIONAL GAP EMPLOYEES IN OFFICE INTERIOR DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206
Author(s):  
Ferdy Pradipta Zulfaninata ◽  
◽  
Susy Budi Astuti ◽  
Lea Kristina Anggraeni ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Employee Relationship ◽  
Communal Space ◽  
Design Ideas

The aspect of social interaction is very important in office interior design ideas, amidst social interaction affect the employee relationship and teamwork to reach the vision of the office. Social interaction. is a social exchange. between two or moreIndividuals or group. These interactionsthe basis for social structure.and. therefore. are. a key. object. of basic. social inquiry and analysis. Generational gap as social structures thedifference of attitudes. between people of different generations leading to a lack of understanding. This paper aims to discuss the role of communal space in improving the. quality of social interaction between generational gap employees in BPOM Samarinda Office that support teamwork of employees. The discussion was carried out through a qualitative descriptive analysis based on the perspective of the question and interior design that is proposed. The topic of the generational gap is very strategic because it is relevant to the phenomenon at any time.

Colleagues for Life? Post-Employment Citizenship among Big 4 Alumni

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan H. Cannon ◽  
David N. Herda ◽  
Thomas M. Puffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Public Accounting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Big 4 ◽  
Firm Commitment ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

SYNOPSIS Using a sample of 2,533 Big 4 alumni, we examine factors associated with alumni's proclivity to benefit their former firm (post-employment citizenship). Based on social exchange theory, we predict and find that alumni who perceive their firm treated them fairly and adequately supported them during their time with the firm are more inclined to engage in post-employment citizenship. We provide theoretical and practical contributions to the literature by also investigating the role of post-employment experiences on alumni's commitment to the firm and citizenship behavior. Although we predict and find that firm commitment decreases after individuals exit the firm, we find that formal and informal alumni outreach activities appear to help mitigate this decline. Although most prior research on public accounting alumni models “alumni affiliation” as a binary trait, we illustrate that the nature and quality of alumni affiliation is variable and identify some of the underlying mechanisms influencing alumni behavior.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN DAYA SAING PRODUKSI LADA INDONESIA MELALUI ADOPSI INOVASI

Perspektif ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Agus Wahyudi, MS ◽  
Ekwasita Rini Pribadi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Institutional Innovation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Farmer Groups

In the last five years the price of pepper world was increasing rapidly, in 2010 the export price of black pepper and white pepper Indonesia respectively were FOB US $ 3,677 and FOB US $ 5,662 be FOB US $ 8,975 and FOB US $ 12,362 per metric ton in the year 2014. Nevertheless, Indonesian pepper production has declined, namely 59,000 tonnes in 2010 to 52,000 tons in 2014. This reflects the constraints that limit the development of pepper production in Indonesia. Indonesian pepper internally has a competitive advantage in the factor of natural resources and the availability of human resources, but there are weakness in the quality of the labour, especially in the application and knowledge of cultivation technology and the use of superior seeds. To improve the competitiveness of Indonesian pepper, it is necessary to improve the quality and quantity of production by increasing productivity through improvement methods of cultivation that is environmentally friendly, use of certified seeds and high quality input grade, primary product processing that refers to the quality standards, accompanied by the introduction of institutional innovation and technical cultivation with the active role of farmer groups. Due to the successful adoption of the technology depends on knowledge of the perpetrators of farming technologies that will be developed.

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