scholarly journals Protocol for a Mediated Long-Term Experiment with a Social Robot

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Laban ◽  
Arvid Kappas ◽  
Val Morrison ◽  
Emily S. Cross
Keyword(s):  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Over Time

One major challenge faced by human-robot interaction (HRI) researchers is replicating and extending new findings, to better understand how short, constrained laboratory manipulations might translate to real-world scenarios. Since interactions with social robots are novel and exciting for many people, one particular concern is the extent to which people's behavioural and emotional engagement with robots might develop from initial interactions with a robot, when a robot's novelty is especially salient, and be sustained over time. The aim of this paper is to introduce a research protocol for a mediated long-term online experiment for testing the extent to which social robots’ cognitive architectures can elicit emotionally rich disclosures and expressions from people to identify their needs and emotional states over time. Moreover, this protocol introduces experimental methods for investigating people's perceptions of a social robot in their natural settings during prolonged and regular interactions, and evaluating how novelty effects on human-robot interactions change over time.

scholarly journals Can communication with social robots influence how children develop empathy? Best-evidence synthesis

AI & Society ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Pashevich
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Social And Emotional Development ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Best Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Negative Effect

AbstractSocial robots are gradually entering children’s lives in a period when children learn about social relationships and exercise prosocial behaviors with parents, peers, and teachers. Designed for long-term emotional engagement and to take the roles of friends, teachers, and babysitters, such robots have the potential to influence how children develop empathy. This article presents a review of the literature (2010–2020) in the fields of human–robot interaction (HRI), psychology, neuropsychology, and roboethics, discussing the potential impact of communication with social robots on children’s social and emotional development. The critical analysis of evidence behind these discussions shows that, although robots theoretically have high chances of influencing the development of empathy in children, depending on their design, intensity, and context of use, there is no certainty about the kind of effect they might have. Most of the analyzed studies, which showed the ability of robots to improve empathy levels in children, were not longitudinal, while the studies observing and arguing for the negative effect of robots on children’s empathy were either purely theoretical or dependent on the specific design of the robot and the situation. Therefore, there is a need for studies investigating the effects on children’s social and emotional development of long-term regular and consistent communication with robots of various designs and in different situations.

scholarly journals The Fundamental Attribution Error in Human-Robot Interaction: An Experimental Investigation on Attributing Responsibility to a Social Robot for Its Pre-Programmed Behavior

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aike C. Horstmann ◽  
Nicole C. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Fundamental Attribution Error ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Attribution Error

AbstractSince social robots are rapidly advancing and thus increasingly entering people’s everyday environments, interactions with robots also progress. For these interactions to be designed and executed successfully, this study considers insights of attribution theory to explore the circumstances under which people attribute responsibility for the robot’s actions to the robot. In an experimental online study with a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects design (N = 394), people read a vignette describing the social robot Pepper either as an assistant or a competitor and its feedback, which was either positive or negative during a subsequently executed quiz, to be generated autonomously by the robot or to be pre-programmed by programmers. Results showed that feedback believed to be autonomous leads to more attributed agency, responsibility, and competence to the robot than feedback believed to be pre-programmed. Moreover, the more agency is ascribed to the robot, the better the evaluation of its sociability and the interaction with it. However, only the valence of the feedback affects the evaluation of the robot’s sociability and the interaction with it directly, which points to the occurrence of a fundamental attribution error.

scholarly journals A Survey of Behavioural Models for Social Robots

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Nocentini ◽  
Laura Fiorini ◽  
Giorgia Acerbi ◽  
Alessandra Sorrentino ◽  
Gianmaria Mancioppi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Cognitive Architectures ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Pros And Cons

The cooperation between humans and robots is becoming increasingly important in our society. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of models that can enhance the interaction between humans and robots. A key challenge in the Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) field is to provide robots with cognitive and affective capabilities, developing architectures that let them establish empathetic relationships with users. Several models have been proposed in recent years to solve this open-challenge. This work provides a survey of the most relevant attempts/works. In details, it offers an overview of the architectures present in literature focusing on three specific aspects of HRI: the development of adaptive behavioural models, the design of cognitive architectures, and the ability to establish empathy with the user. The research was conducted within two databases: Scopus and Web of Science. Accurate exclusion criteria were applied to screen the 1007 articles found (at the end 30 articles were selected). For each work, an evaluation of the model is made. Pros and cons of each work are detailed by analysing the aspects that can be improved so that an enjoyable interaction between robots and users can be established.

scholarly journals Forms and Frames: Mind, Morality, and Trust in Robots across Prototypical Interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
Jaime Banks ◽  
Kevin Koban ◽  
Philippe Chauveau
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
Play Interactions ◽  
Attitude Shift ◽  
Formal Properties ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Formal Features

People often engage human-interaction schemas in human-robot interactions, so notions of prototypicality are useful in examining how interactions’ formal features shape perceptions of social robots. We argue for a typology of three higher-order interaction forms (social, task, play) comprising identifiable-but-variable patterns in agents, content, structures, outcomes, context, norms. From that ground, we examined whether participants’ judgments about a social robot (mind, morality, and trust perceptions) differed across prototypical interactions. Findings indicate interaction forms somewhat influence trust but not mind or morality evaluations. However, how participants perceived interactions (independent of form) were more impactful. In particular, perceived task interactions fostered functional trust, while perceived play interactions fostered moral trust and attitude shift over time. Hence, prototypicality in interactions should not consider formal properties alone but must also consider how people perceive interactions according to prototypical frames.

Within season variability of bicarbonate extractable phosphorus in wheat soils

Soil Research ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Jessop ◽  
B Palmer ◽  
VF Mcclelland ◽  
R Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weekly Basis ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
Over Time

Using a long-term experiment at Longerenong Agricultural College, Dooen, Vic., plots from a pasture-pasture-fallow-wheat rotation were sampled on a three-weekly basis for a year. Analysis of the samples by bicarbonate extraction for phosphorus indicated considerable short-term fluctuations in phosphorus which were only partially explained by environmental conditions. Bicarbonate extractable phosphorus was both lowest and less variable over time under a two-year pasture treatment than when under fallow.

Longitudinal evaluation of balance quality using a modified bathroom scale: usability and acceptability

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Duchêne ◽  
David J Hewson
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Elderly Users ◽  
Over Time

We adapted a commercial bathroom scale in order to acquire the raw data from the weight sensors and then to send them to a server via a mobile phone. We investigated the usability and acceptability of the device in a long-term experiment with 22 elderly users that produced more than 5000 weight recordings. Four basic variables were extracted from the vertical force measurements and the stabilogram. The technology was accepted unreservedly, presumably because it did not differ from devices usually encountered in the home. The quantitative results showed a high variability of day-to-day measurement, which was countered by taking a moving average. A balance index was able to identify changes in balance over time. The preliminary results appear promising.

scholarly journals Effects of Beneficial Mutations in pykF Gene Vary over Time and across Replicate Populations in a Long-Term Experiment with Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 202-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fen Peng ◽  
Scott Widmann ◽  
Andrea Wünsche ◽  
Kristina Duan ◽  
Katherine A Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beneficial Mutations ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Perceived Service Quality in HRI: Applying the SERVBOT Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isha Kharub ◽  
Michael Lwin ◽  
Aila Khan ◽  
Omar Mubin
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Perceived Service Quality ◽  
Service Setting ◽  
The Social ◽  
Entertainment Value

Services are intangible in nature and as a result, it is often difficult to measure the quality of the service. In the service literature, the service is usually delivered by a human to a human customer and the quality of the service is often evaluated using the SERVQUAL dimensions. An extensive review of the literature shows there is a lack of an empirical model to assess the perceived service quality provided by a social robot. Furthermore, the social robot literature highlights key differences between human service and social robots. For example, scholars have highlighted the importance of entertainment value and engagement in the adoption of social robots in the service industry. However, it is unclear whether the SERVQUAL dimensions are appropriate to measure social robot’s service quality. The paper proposes the SERVBOT model to assess a social robot’s service quality. It identifies, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and entertainment as the five dimensions of SERVBOT. Further, the research will investigate how these five factors influence emotional engagement and future intentions to use the social robot in a concierge service setting. The model was tested using student sampling, and a total of 94 responses were collected for the study. The findings indicate empathy and entertainment value as key predictors of emotional engagement. Further, emotional engagement is a strong predictor of future intention to use a social robot in a service setting. This study is the first to propose the SERVBOT model to measure social robot’s service quality. The model provides a theoretical underpinning on the key service quality dimensions of a social robot and gives scholars and managers a method to track the service quality of a social robot. The study also extends on the literature by exploring the key factors that influence the use of social robots (i.e. emotional engagement).

scholarly journals Social Robots for (Second) Language Learning in (Migrant) Primary School Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elly A. Konijn ◽  
Brechtje Jansen ◽  
Victoria Mondaca Bustos ◽  
Veerle L. N. F. Hobbelink ◽  
Daniel Preciado Vanegas
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
School Children ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Social Robots ◽  
Social Robot ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Story Telling

AbstractEspecially these days, innovation and support from technology to relieve pressure in education is highly urgent. This study tested the potential advantage of a social robot over a tablet in (second) language learning on performance, engagement, and enjoyment. Shortages in primary education call for new technology solutions. Previous studies combined robots with tablets, to compensate for robot’s limitations, however, this study applied direct human–robot interaction. Primary school children (N = 63, aged 4–6) participated in a 3-wave field experiment with story-telling exercises, either with a semi-autonomous robot (without tablet, using WOz) or a tablet. Results showed increased learning gains over time when training with a social robot, compared to the tablet. Children who trained with a robot were more engaged in the story-telling task and enjoyed it more. Robot’s behavioral style (social or neutral) hardly differed overall, however, seems to vary for high versus low educational abilities. While social robots need sophistication before being implemented in schools, our study shows the potential of social robots as tutors in (second) language learning.

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